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 VOLUME Vol.05 Issue05 2025 

PAGE NO. 6-8 

DOI 10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue05-02 

 
 
 
 

Studying the State of External Respiration in Adolescents 

Under the Conditions of The Republic of Uzbekistan 
 

Ilyasova G.K. 

Institute for Scientific and Methodological Support, Training and Retraining of Specialists in Physical Culture and Sports of the Republic 

of Uzbekistan, Associate Professor, Uzbekistan 

 

Rzaev Raxat Muratbaevich 

Head of the Department of "Veterinary Diagnostics and Food Safety" of the Nukus Branch of the Samarkand State University of 

Veterinary Medicine, Animal Husbandry and Biotechnologies, Uzbekistan 

 

 

Received: 13 March 2025; Accepted: 09 April 2025; Published: 11 May 2025 

 

Abstract: It has been established that the voluntary increase in lung ventilation during rest is carried out by 
students within a fairly wide range, both due to the acceleration of breathing and due to the increase in respiratory 
volume. Assessment of adolescent body reactions to muscle loads in sports activities revealed the presence of 
conditions of relative hypoxia and hypercapnia. This likely served as the basis for the formation of mechanisms 
for stable adaptation to changes in the body's internal environment while significantly increasing the effectiveness 
of pulmonary ventilation.   

 

Keywords: Adaptation, adolescent body, functional reserves, environment, respiratory volume, reaction 
assessment. 

 

Introduction: The rate of change in body size, the 
functional characteristics of organs and systems, does 
not remain constant throughout the individual 
development of the organism, but changes regularly 
[1]. Studying the activity of various functional systems 
of children and adolescents in changing environmental 
conditions is relevant not only because the developing 
child's organism is highly susceptible to its influence, 
but also because these influences largely determine the 
course of its further development. Stressful stimuli of 
the external environment, including muscle work, 
change the magnitude and nature of the adaptive 
reactions of the child's body.  

The process of the formation of individual functional 
systems of the organism in ontogenesis goes through 
several phases, and the quality of ensuring a beneficial 
result for the organism depends on how mature the 
specific executive mechanisms in specific functional 
systems are. The interaction of a child's body with the 
environment has its own peculiarities and patterns. The 
process of formation of individual functional systems of 
the body in ontogenesis goes through several phases, 

and the quality of ensuring a beneficial result for the 
body will depend on how mature certain executive 
mechanisms in specific functional systems are. The 
interaction of a child's body with the environment has 
its own peculiarities and patterns. [1] 

The main characteristic of the child's body is the 
continuity of morphological and functional 
development, which is carried out in accordance with 
the genetic program of the individual's development, 
embedded in their hereditary apparatus. However, a 
child's organism, which is in the process of 
development, is more susceptible to the influence of 
various factors, quickly and sharply responds to 
changes in the environment. Growth and 
differentiation processes in the child's body determine 
their high sensitivity to changes in environmental 
influences, and the realization of potential 
opportunities is carried out directly depending on 
environmental conditions. Studying the problem of the 
functional state of the respiratory system under mental 
activity conditions is one of the leading areas in age-
related physiology. Its solution is necessary for 

 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue05-02
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue05-02
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue05-02
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume05Issue05-02


American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 7 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) 
 

 

understanding the patterns of the child's body's 
adaptation to changing internal and external 
environmental conditions, compensatory reactions, 
and functional restructuring related to the body's 
growth and age. Assessing the adequacy of the mental 
loads used requires a deep understanding of the age-
related characteristics of the respiratory system's 
function, its mechanisms, and regulation, which 
contributes to the proper organization of the regime in 
children's institutions, the dosage of physical loads, and 
the development of tools and methods for preventing 
lung diseases in children. 

The purpose of our research is to study the influence of 
learning load intensity on the functional state of the 
respiratory system in middle school-aged students. 
During the work, 100 schoolchildren aged 15-17 years 
were examined. R. Karakalpakstan): 50 girls and 50 
boys. 

Despite numerous studies on the problems of studying 
the adaptation systems of modern children, however, 
a number of issues have not been discussed or 
comprehensively considered within a narrow range of 
ontogenesis. In recent years, most of the works of 
modern researchers have been devoted to the physical 
development of children [3] and the results of complex 
functional studies are presented much less. Currently, 
the ecological conditions of the Southern Aral Sea 
region (including the Republic of Karakalpakstan) have 
significantly deteriorated in recent years. According to 
a number of specialists [1, 2], the state of public health 
continues to deteriorate significantly across a range of 
indicators. The greatest changes occurred in the health 
indicators of children, who, due to the imperfection of 
the body's defense forces, were the first among other 
population groups to react to the unfavorable 
environmental situation in the region. 

The peculiarities of physiological shifts occurring in the 
respiratory system under static stress, the rapid onset 
of fatigue, make them an important object of study, 
especially in the adaptation process of schoolchildren. 
The analysis of the obtained data shows that in 
schoolchildren studying in the Republic of 
Karakalpakstan at the beginning of the academic year, 
after the veloergometric load, all the studied 
parameters of the external respiratory system changed 
insignificantly. After the conducted dynamic exertion in 
boys at the beginning of the academic year, it was 
revealed that the maximum respiratory volume 
increased due to an increase in respiratory frequency. 
During the conducted research, it was also established 
that isometric work at the beginning of the academic 
year led to a decrease in the values of most external 
respiratory indicators in boys of the first year of study. 
A decrease in the value of minute respiratory volume 

(MRP) to 8.57+0.61 l/min (p<0.01) was observed due to 
the establishment of respiratory rate (RR).Studying the 
mechanisms of adolescent organism adaptation to 
dynamically changing environmental factors is one of 
the priority tasks of physiological science. Functional 
reserves of the organism are understood as the 
adaptive and compensatory ability of an organ, system, 
and organism as a whole, developed during evolution, 
to significantly increase the intensity of its activity 
compared to a state of relative rest [1, 2]. At the same 
time, the effectiveness of adaptation can be 
significantly increased by using additional functional 
loads on the body as a whole or on its individual 
functional systems, for example, breathing at rest and 
during muscle work. Analysis of body mass parameters 
showed that the lowest level was recorded in 
adolescents from the Karauzak district - 55.64±0.76 kg, 
and the highest weight was noted in adolescents from 
the city of Nukus - 65.7±0.82 kg. As a result of the 
conducted research, it was revealed that the voluntary 
increase in lung ventilation at rest is carried out by 
students engaged in sports within a fairly wide range, 
both due to the acceleration of respiration and due to 
the increase in respiratory volume. 

It can be assumed that voluntary hyperventilation, 
accompanied by a significant increase in the activity of 
the respiratory muscles and an inevitable shift of gas 
homeostasis towards hypocapnia, causes, on the one 
hand, an increase in regulatory influences, primarily of 
a voluntary nature, on the external respiratory system, 
and on the other hand, the desire of natural regulatory 
mechanisms to optimize the functioning of the external 
respiratory apparatus in adolescents living in the 
conditions of Karakalpakstan. Voluntary 
hyperventilation, as well as voluntary hypoventilation, 
is carried out during physical exertion, leading to a 
decrease in the optimal functioning of the body's 
systems. It seems to us that this is a reflection of 
competitive regulatory influences, on the one hand - 
neurohumoral mechanisms of respiratory regulation, 
and on the other - mechanisms of voluntary control of 
pulmonary ventilation. 

As the conducted studies showed, assessing the 
reactions of the adolescent body to muscle loads in 
sports activities revealed the presence of conditions of 
relative hypoxia and hypercapnia. This likely served as 
the basis for the formation of mechanisms for stable 
adaptation to changes in the body's internal 
environment while significantly increasing the 
effectiveness of pulmonary ventilation. 

Thus, we note that voluntary influences on the 
respiratory function of external respiration, apparently, 
to a certain extent disrupt the coordination of the 
activity of various body systems and lead to a 



American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 8 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi 

American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) 
 

 

disruption of their optimal functioning. It has also been 
established that the systematic use of voluntary 
hypoventilation in the training process of adolescent 
sports training allows for a significant increase in the 
level of aerobic performance and maximum physical 
performance. 

For ventilation to occur, the child's body needs more 
effort to overcome resistance in the respiratory tract. 
For a general understanding of external respiratory 
work, we can cite information that the total work of 
respiratory muscles at rest in 8-year-old children is 0.38 
kgm/min, and the elastic work component is 72.2%. 
The decrease in respiratory muscles' elastic work 
indicators at different ages is mainly associated with 
increased lung tissue extensibility, which in 8-year-old 
schoolchildren is 46.7 ml/cm3 of water, and in 13–14-
year-old children - 120.8 ml/cm3 of water [3, 5]. The 
study revealed that the isometric load had a different 
effect on the cardiovascular system of girls and boys. 

In girls, there is a significant increase in stroke and 
minute blood volume, as well as an increase in systolic, 
diastolic, and pulse blood pressure indicators. In boys, 
these changes were less pronounced. These 
differences, in our opinion, can be explained by the 
peculiarities of the reaction of heart rate variability 
indicators in girls and boys to isometric load. In boys, 
their dynamics clearly indicated the predominance of 
the parasympathetic regulatory channel. Thus, it can be 
noted that in adolescents born and living in unfavorable 
environmental conditions of the Republic of 
Karakalpakstan, a slight excess of indicators in the 
functioning of the adaptive respiratory system was 
revealed. 

REFERENCES 

Anokhin P.K. Essays on the Physiology of Functional 
Systems. 448p 

Vorontsov I.M. Laws of physical development of 
children and methods of its assessment //Educational-
methodical. Manual.- L., 1986.- 56 p.  

3.Zayneev M.M., Sitdikov F.G., Ziyatdinova N.I., Zefirov 
T.L. Reaction of the Cardiorespiratory System of First 
Grade Students to Different Types of Load During the 
Academic Year // Kazan Medical Journal.- 2008.- 
Vol.89.- No 6.- pp. 8330-834. 

Solopov A.I., Gorbaneva E.P., Vlasov A.A., Voskresensky 
S.A. Functional reactions of the human body to the 
regulation of respiration by various methods // 
Aviacosmic and Environmental Medicine, 2010. - Vol. 
44. - No. - P. 28-33. 


