Volume 04 Issue 11-2024 46 American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN – 2771-2559) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 11 Pages: 46-52 OCLC – 1290679216 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi ABSTRACT The article presents the results of scientific research aimed at increasing the fertility of irrigated gray-meadow soils in the Mirzachul oasis by planting various green manure crops. As a result of planting green manure crops, the soil has become enriched with organic residues, and the humus content has increased to some extent. The soil density has decreased, its porosity has improved, and there have been positive changes in the amount of mobile nutrients in the soil. Consequently, the yield of crops planted after the green manure crops has increased to a certain extent. KEYWORDS Humus, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, siderates, oats, rye, Fatselia, mustard, rapeseed, soil density, soil porosity. INTRODUCTION Increasing soil fertility with the help of plant resources is an optimal method both ecologically and economically. In this case, the environment will not be harmed, and the cost of the grown product will be low. S. Sharma et al. [1] experimentally studied the enrichment of soil with phosphorus, organic residues, and an increase in the number of water-resistant microaggregates as a result of planting green manure crops. Research Article IMPROVING THE PHYSICAL AND AGROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF IRRIGATED GRAY-MEADOW SOILS USING VARIOUS PLANT RESOURCES Submission Date: November 20, 2024, Accepted Date: November 25, 2024, Published Date: November 30, 2024 Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume04Issue11-07 Shakhobiddin M.Turdimetov Professor, Doctor of Biological Sciences (DSc), Department of Agro-soil science and land reclamation, Gulistan State University, Uzbekistan Mokhinur M.Musurmanova Phd Student, Gulistan State University, Uzbekistan Journal Website: https://theusajournals. com/index.php/ajahi Copyright: Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the creative commons attributes 4.0 licence. https://theusajournals.com https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume04Issue11-07 https://doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/Volume04Issue11-07 Volume 04 Issue 11-2024 47 American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN – 2771-2559) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 11 Pages: 46-52 OCLC – 1290679216 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi P. Sullivan [2] studied the effect of planting vetch on maize yield. In the studies, the costs of planting green manure crops were covered by the additional yield obtained from maize. Due to the improvement of soil properties, the yield of maize planted in recent years has increased. Y.G. Mishchenko et al. [3] conducted studies on the effect of various crops on potato yield. As a result of planting oilseed radish, the type and number of weeds also decreased. It was found that there is an inverse correlation between oilseed radish phytomass and weed infestation. Research has been conducted on the properties of the soils of the Mirzachul oasis, as well as on the differences in the productivity of soils developed in different geomorphological conditions [4-10]. It has been noted that the physical properties and agrochemical characteristics of these soils also vary depending on natural and climatic conditions. Kh.A.Batirov, Sh.M.Turdimetov, R.B.Nurillaeva [11] provided information on the ecological role of siderat crops. They emphasized that the combined use of siderat crops is more effective than their separate use. In articles on the properties of irrigated grassland soils of the Mirzachul oasis and ways to increase their productivity, it was found that the efficiency of green manure crops on these soils with low soil productivity is better than on other soils [12-17]. METHODS When selecting the research object, an attempt was made to locate it in areas typical for the soils of the Mirzachul oasis. The research work was carried out on irrigated meadow soils in the old irrigated part of Mirzachul. Before planting siderat crops, the physical properties and agrochemical indicators of the soil were determined, and then after harvesting these crops, these properties were repeatedly studied and compared. We used such crops as oats, rye, Fatselia, mustard and rapeseed as siderats. RESULTS The importance of root and shoot residues in improving soil properties is important. Plant remains in the soil are the main source of organic matter and enrich the soil with nutrients and humus. Due to plant remains, the soil becomes soft, the amount of agronomically valuable aggregates increases, biological activity increases, favorable water-air properties and oxidation-reduction conditions are formed. Below is information on the amount of biomass remaining in the soil as a result of planting siderate crops (Figure 1). Volume 04 Issue 11-2024 48 American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN – 2771-2559) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 11 Pages: 46-52 OCLC – 1290679216 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi 1-picture. The amount of biomass remaining under the influence of siderates, t/ha (2021- 2023 years) The highest indicator of the amount of biomass remaining from plants was obtained in the rapeseed planting variant. The amount of biomass obtained over three years was 20.79 t/ha. The least amount of biomass was obtained in the oats planting variant. It was also noted that the phacelia planting variant also showed good results, with more than 18 tons of biomass per hectare. Planting Siderate crops is one of the best ways to improve soil fertility, but it is not widely used. Green manures are important in enriching the soil with organic matter and thereby improving the physical properties of the soil. As a result of planting siderate crops, a decrease in soil density was observed (Table 1). A decrease in soil density was observed in the 30-50 cm layer of the mustard-planted variant. Here we can see a decrease from 1.46 g/cm2 to 1.34 g/cm2. It can be seen that the soil density is almost unchanged in the 0-30 cm layer where phaccelia is planted as a siderate crop. In the oat-planted variant, the decrease in density in the arable layer and the arable sublayer was almost the same. In the case of rye planting, it is possible to observe that the density has changed little in the driving layer. Volume 04 Issue 11-2024 49 American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN – 2771-2559) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 11 Pages: 46-52 OCLC – 1290679216 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi Table-1. Change in soil bulk density under the influence of Siderates (2021-2023) № Experience options Layer depth, cm Volume weight, g/cm2 Before planting After siderates Difference (±) 1 Control-Sideratless 0-30 1,33 xx xx 30-50 1,42 xx xx 2 Oats 0-30 1,38 1,34 -0,04 30-50 1,46 1,44 -0,02 3 Rye 0-30 1,35 1,34 -0,01 30-50 1,46 1,38 -0,08 4 Fatselia 0-30 1,38 1,38 0 30-50 1,44 1,36 -0,08 5 Mustard 0-30 1,38 1,35 -0,03 30-50 1,46 1,34 -0,12 6 Rapeseed 0-30 1,38 1,28 -0,10 30-50 1,46 1,38 -0,08 If we pay attention to the experiments on the change in mobile nutrient elements under the influence of siderats, it can be observed that the amount of nitrate nitrogen in the lower layer of the plowed soil changed significantly in all variants (Table 2). Changes in nutrients under the influence of siderate crops are better felt under the influence of mobile phosphorus. It is known that gray soils are carbonates, so there is a high probability of formation of calcium phosphates. That is why the amount of mobile phosphorus is low. Table 2. Changes in the amount of nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium in the soil under the influence of Siderate (2021-2023) Volume 04 Issue 11-2024 50 American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN – 2771-2559) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 11 Pages: 46-52 OCLC – 1290679216 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi Depth, cm Nitrate nitrogen, mg/kg Mobile phosphorus, mg/kg Exchangeable potassium, mg/kg 1 Control- Sideratless 0-30 20,65 38,3 246 30-50 13,1 26,4 178 2 Oats 0-30 26,62 39,2 236 30-50 19,44 21,2 176 3 Rye 0-30 25,52 39,1 254 30-50 17,45 21,8 209 4 Fatselia 0-30 29,96 44,6 262 30-50 20,55 31,2 214 5 Mustard 0-30 26,93 42,5 262 30-50 19,32 30,5 210 6 Rapeseed 0-30 24,12 45,7 263 30-50 18,43 31,6 215 Siderate plants secrete special secretions in their roots, and these secretions dissolve difficult-to-dissolve phosphates and increase the amount of mobile phosphorus. In our experiments, compared to the control variant, an increase in the amount of mobile phosphorus was observed in the variant planted with rapeseed. It can be observed that it increased by 20 percent (45.7 mg/kg) compared to the initial state (38.3 mg/kg). This shows that rapeseed had a greater effect on the amount of mobile phosphorus than other crops. It can be seen that the amount of mobile phosphorus has increased in the variants planted with Phacelia and mustard crops. In terms of the amount of exchangeable potassium, it can be observed that its amount increased in all crops, both in the arable and under-arable layers. A relatively higher increase was observed in the variant planted with rapeseed. A slight decrease in the amount of exchangeable potassium in the arable under-arable layer of the variant planted with oats can be observed. This is explained by the fact that this crop absorbs more potassium than other crops. CONCLUSION Volume 04 Issue 11-2024 51 American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN – 2771-2559) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 11 Pages: 46-52 OCLC – 1290679216 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi As a result of planting siderate crops and plowing them into the soil during the flowering period, the properties of the soil, the phytosanitary condition are improved, and it is enriched with nutrients. This has a positive effect on the yield of crops planted after it. As a result of planting siderat crops, it is possible to grow environmentally friendly and inexpensive products. REFERENCES 1. Sharma S., Kaur S., Choudhary O., Singh M., Al Huqail A., Ali H.M., Kumar R., Siddiqui M. Scientific Reports | (2022) 12:7167 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11106-x. 2. Sullivan P. Overview of Cover Crops and Green Manures. Appropriate technology Transfer fo Rual Areas. July, 2003. pp. 1-16. 3. Mishchenko Y.G., E.A. Zakharchenko, S.I. Berdin, O.V. Kharchenko, E.R. Ermantraut, I.M. 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