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American Journal of  Applied 
Statistics and Economics (AJASE)

Innovative Logistics Solutions Formation of  an Efficient Service System for Wholesale 
Businesses

Jiyu Chen1, Oksana Kudriavtseva1*

Volume 4 Issue 1, Year 2025
ISSN: 2992-927X (Online)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54536/ajase.v4i1.4077
https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajase

Article Information ABSTRACT

Received: November 16, 2024

Accepted: December 26, 2024

Published: June 28, 2025

In the context of  globalization and rapid technological transformation, establishing an 
efficient logistics service system is critical for wholesale enterprises. This study investigates 
how logistics outsourcing, service innovation, and 3D printing technology synergistically 
drive innovative logistics solutions. Through an integrated approach combining literature 
review and case studies, the study reveals three key findings: First, logistics outsourcing 
reduces operational costs and enhances competitiveness by leveraging specialized third-party 
expertise. Second, service innovation strengthens service quality and market positioning 
through data-driven analytics and customer-centric customization strategies. Third, 3D 
printing technology diminishes global logistics volumes via localized on-demand production 
while addressing personalized consumer demands. The integration of  these three elements 
fosters a flexible and sustainable logistics ecosystem, enabling enterprises to balance efficiency 
and environmental objectives. However, challenges such as technology implementation 
costs, workforce adaptability, and supply chain collaboration require systematic mitigation 
strategies. The study concludes by emphasizing that the strategic alignment of  technological 
innovation and operational synergies is pivotal for wholesale enterprises to develop future-
ready logistics systems. It further proposes a practical framework for achieving sustainable 
growth, while suggesting future research directions to explore advanced applications of  
artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies in this domain.

Keywords

Efficient Service System, Logistics 
Solutions, Wholesale Businesses

1 Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University, Kharkiv 61002, Ukraine
* Corresponding author’s e-mail: kseniakydr@ukr.net

INTRODUCTION
In the contemporary business landscape, the formation 
of  a robust logistics service system is essential for the 
success of  wholesale enterprises (Guterres, 2020). As 
the backbone of  supply chain management, logistics 
plays a critical role in ensuring the smooth and efficient 
flow of  goods from producers to consumers (Woźniak, 
2021). Wholesale enterprises, in particular, deal with 
large volumes of  products that need to be moved 
quickly and accurately to meet customer demands (Soja 
& Soja, 2020). The complexity of  logistics operations 
has increased significantly due to the rapid pace of  
technological advancements and market globalization, 
making it imperative for businesses to develop innovative 
logistics systems.
An effective logistics service system encompasses 
various components such as inventory management, 
order processing, transportation management, and 
warehousing (Carrelli et al., 2000). These components 
must work seamlessly together to enhance operational 
efficiency, reduce costs, and improve service levels (Yeh, 
2017). The goal is to create a logistics framework that not 
only meets the current needs of  the business but also has 
the flexibility to adapt to future changes and challenges 
(Xiong & Qureshi, 2013).
The integration of  advanced technologies is a key factor 
in the modernization of  logistics services (Venkatesh 
et al., 2003). Technologies such as real-time tracking, 
automated inventory management, and data analytics 
have revolutionized the way logistics operations are 

conducted (Abed, 2020). These technologies facilitate 
better decision-making processes, increase transparency, 
and provide valuable insights that can be used to optimize 
logistics performance.
Moreover, the implementation of  sustainable logistics 
practices has become increasingly important in today’s 
environmentally conscious society. Businesses are now 
focusing on reducing their carbon footprint and adopting 
eco-friendly practices in their logistics operations (Jin & 
Choi, 2019). This includes the use of  electric vehicles, 
optimizing delivery routes to minimize fuel consumption, 
and implementing green packaging solutions.
Despite the potential benefits, the formation of  an 
effective logistics service system is not without its 
challenges (Al Omoush et al., 2018). Businesses must 
navigate various obstacles such as high implementation 
costs, resistance to change from employees, and the need 
for continuous training and development. Additionally, 
external factors such as regulatory requirements and 
market fluctuations can impact the effectiveness of  
logistics operations (Prasanna et al., 2019).
This paper aims to explore the formation of  an effective 
logistics service system for a wholesale enterprise, delving 
into its critical components, implementation strategies, 
challenges, and future trends. By synthesizing insights 
from established research and real-world case studies, 
this study seeks to provide a comprehensive framework 
that wholesale businesses can adopt to enhance their 
logistics operations and achieve sustainable competitive 
advantage. The focus will be on identifying best practices 



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and innovative solutions that can be tailored to the 
specific needs of  wholesale enterprises.

LITERATURE REVIEW
The formation of  an effective logistics service system 
for wholesale enterprises is a multifaceted challenge that 
requires a comprehensive understanding of  logistics 
innovation, information technology integration, and 
sustainable practices. The significance of  logistics in 
modern business operations is well-documented in the 
academic literature, highlighting its role in enhancing 
operational efficiency, reducing costs, and improving 
service levels.
Previous research discussed the critical importance 
of  innovation in logistics services, emphasizing that 
businesses must continually evolve their logistics models 
to remain competitive (Chapman et al., 2003). They 
argue that integrating innovative approaches can lead 
to the development of  new business models that are 
more adaptive to economic and technological changes. 
This perspective is particularly relevant for wholesale 
enterprises, which must handle large volumes of  goods 
and require efficient logistics systems to ensure timely 
delivery and customer satisfaction.
Grets and Kasarda (1997) further explore the impact of  
the information era on enterprise logistics, noting that 
the integration of  advanced information technologies has 
revolutionized logistics operations. They highlight that 
real-time tracking, automated inventory management, 
and data analytics have become essential tools for 
modern logistics systems. These technologies facilitate 
better decision-making processes, increase transparency, 
and provide valuable insights for optimizing logistics 
performance. The authors underline the necessity for 
businesses to embrace these technological advancements 
to enhance their logistics capabilities and maintain a 
competitive edge (Grets & Kasarda, 1997).
In the context of  food supply chains, Van der Vorst, 
Beulens, and van Beek provide valuable insights into the 
role of  innovations in logistics and ICT. They argue that 
leveraging these innovations can significantly enhance the 
traceability, transparency, and efficiency of  food supply 
chains. This is particularly important for ensuring food 
safety and quality, which are critical concerns for both 
consumers and regulators. The authors provide examples 
of  how ICT solutions can be implemented in food supply 
chains to improve logistics performance and meet stringent 
regulatory requirements (Van der Vorst et al., 2005).
Pfohl offers a comprehensive overview of  logistics 
systems, emphasizing the complexity of  managing the 
various components of  logistics operations. He discusses 
the importance of  a well-structured logistics framework 
that can handle the intricate interrelations within supply 
chains. Pfohl argues that an efficient logistics system 
is vital for reducing costs, improving service levels, 
and ensuring the seamless movement of  goods from 
suppliers to end consumers. He also highlights the 
role of  sustainable logistics practices in reducing 

the environmental impact of  logistics operations, 
an increasingly important consideration in today’s 
business environment (Pfohl, 2010).
The literature also identifies several challenges in the 
formation and implementation of  logistics service 
systems. High implementation costs, resistance to change 
from employees, and the need for continuous training 
and development are common obstacles that businesses 
face. Additionally, external factors such as regulatory 
requirements and market fluctuations can impact the 
effectiveness of  logistics operations. Addressing these 
challenges requires a strategic approach that includes 
careful planning, integration of  advanced technologies, 
and a focus on continuous improvement.

The Management Logic of  Logistics Outsourcing 
According to Coase’s theory of  corporate organization, 
the market and the enterprise are two coordination 
mechanisms for resource allocation. The market realizes 
resource allocation through the price system, while the 
enterprise realizes resource reconfiguration through 
organizational power. These two methods can replace 
each other, so “make-or-buy” has become an important 
choice for enterprises to pursue cost-effectiveness 
maximization in market competition. In the market 
competition environment, enterprises improve their 
market competitiveness by optimizing resource allocation 
methods. Logistics outsourcing has become an important 
choice because it can help enterprises improve the quality 
of  logistics services while reducing costs. 
The total logistics cost of  an enterprise includes 
transportation costs, warehousing and inventory holding 
costs, and related management expenses. In order to 
minimize the total logistics cost while meeting customer 
needs, enterprises often weigh the cost of  making 
and purchasing. Logistics outsourcing has become 
an important strategy for manufacturing enterprises. 
Through outsourcing, enterprises can use the resources 
and technology of  professional logistics companies to 
achieve more efficient logistics management and respond 
to market changes more flexibly. 
The management logic of  logistics outsourcing 
emphasizes that enterprises must establish an effective 
collaboration mechanism. This mechanism requires 
manufacturing enterprises and logistics enterprises to 
reach a consensus on service concepts and values, and 
jointly respond to market changes and customer needs. In 
this collaborative relationship, manufacturing enterprises 
are usually in an active position, while logistics enterprises 
need to continuously innovate service models to meet the 
needs of  manufacturing enterprises. When outsourcing 
logistics management, enterprises also need to consider 
the risk management of  outsourcing decisions. Although 
outsourcing can bring cost savings and efficiency 
improvements, it is also accompanied by certain risks, 
such as substandard service quality and delivery delays. 
Therefore, when choosing logistics outsourcing, 
manufacturing enterprises need to establish a strict 



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supervision and evaluation mechanism to ensure the 
reliability of  outsourced service quality. In addition, the 
decision to outsource logistics needs to comprehensively 
consider many factors, including cost, service level, 
technical capabilities and market changes. When 
choosing a logistics outsourcing partner, manufacturing 
enterprises should comprehensively evaluate the service 
capabilities, technical level and market reputation of  
logistics companies to ensure that the selected partners 
can provide high-quality logistics services. 
Through this multi-dimensional evaluation and 
management, manufacturing enterprises can form a 
flexible and efficient logistics service system, effectively 

optimize resource allocation, and enhance market 
competitiveness. It is worth mentioning that the global 
logistics market is expanding rapidly. According to market 
research reports, the global logistics market size reached 
approximately $8.6 trillion in 2023 and is expected to 
continue to grow at an average annual rate of  more 
than 5% in the next few years. This growth reflects the 
strong demand for efficient logistics services in the global 
economy.
Figure 1 shows a keyword network related to “supplier 
selection”. Through the connection between each key 
term, it intuitively shows the relationship and importance 
of  various concepts in the field of  supplier selection.

Figure 1: Network analysis of  co-occurrence according to authors’ keywords with 17 clusters

The key terms in the figure include “supplier 
selection”, “sustainability”, “outsourcing”, “inventory 
management”, “stochastic programming”, “order 
allocation”, “game theory”, “multi-criteria decision 
making (MCDM)”, “analytic hierarchy process (AHP)” 
and “fuzzy programming”. These terms reflect the 
complexity of  various decision factors and methods 
in the supplier selection process. This chart is closely 
related to the management logic of  logistics outsourcing. 
Supplier selection is one of  the key factors for the 
success of  logistics outsourcing, which directly affects 
the quality and cost of  logistics services. As described in 
this article, when making logistics outsourcing decisions, 
enterprises need to comprehensively consider multiple 
factors such as cost, service level, technical capabilities 
and market changes to ensure the reliability and efficiency 
of  outsourced services. Through this visual approach, we 
can better understand and analyze the various factors 
and methods involved in the supplier selection process, 

thereby optimizing logistics outsourcing strategies and 
improving the market competitiveness of  enterprises. 
The keyword network shown in Figure 1, helps to identify 
key decision points and optimization opportunities in 
the supplier selection process, and provides an effective 
framework to help enterprises make wise outsourcing 
decisions in a complex market environment.

Service Innovation of  Logistics Enterprises
In order to achieve effective collaboration between 
the manufacturing industry and the logistics industry, 
logistics enterprises need to continuously innovate service 
concepts and models. First of  all, logistics enterprises 
must realize that the ultimate goal of  logistics outsourcing 
of  manufacturing enterprises is to improve market 
competitiveness. This requires logistics enterprises to 
increase the value-added content of  management services 
in the service process and show customers that the risks 
of  logistics management outsourcing are controllable.



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The role of  logistics enterprises should change from a 
simple “hourly worker” to a more advanced “steward” 
role. This means that logistics enterprises must not 
only complete specific logistics tasks, but also deeply 
participate in the logistics management process of  
customers and become management consultants and 
executors of  manufacturing enterprises. Through this 
role change, logistics enterprises can provide higher 
value-added services and enhance cooperative relations 
with customers.

In Terms of  Specific Service Innovation, Logistics 
Enterprises Can Start from the Following Aspects
First, logistics enterprises need to update their service 
concepts. At any time, logistics enterprises should not 
forget that the purpose of  logistics outsourcing of  
manufacturing enterprises is to improve the market 
competitiveness of  enterprises, and the two decisive 
factors in outsourcing decisions are cost and service. 
Logistics is a management activity. In the process of  
providing logistics services to customers, efforts must be 
made to increase the value-added content of  management 
services and show customers that the risks of  logistics 
management outsourcing are controllable. At the same 
time, logistics management issues must be rethought in 
the context of  customer supply chain management.
Secondly, logistics companies need to innovate 
cooperation models. Logistics companies should quickly 
complete the role transformation from “hourly workers” 
to “nannies” and then to “stewards”, strive to integrate 
into the logistics management process of  customers, 
sincerely turn themselves into the (non-staff) logistics 
management department of  manufacturing companies, 
and at least position themselves as the loyal executors 
and logistics management consultants of  the logistics 

management plans of  manufacturing companies.
In addition, innovation in customer resource development 
is the key to service innovation of  logistics companies. 
Customers are the most important strategic resources 
for the survival and development of  logistics companies. 
Logistics companies must conduct in-depth research on 
customers’ production organization methods, supply 
chain operation status and value chain distribution, 
timely discover the “blue ocean” of  logistics value-added 
services, and provide differentiated logistics service 
support for manufacturing companies. In the context of  
economic globalization, logistics companies must learn 
to integrate the “intelligence” of  various professional 
institutions and use their research results to improve their 
service capabilities.
Logistics companies also need to increase the transparency 
of  logistics services. Improving transparency will increase 
trust, trust will enhance collaboration, and collaboration 
will discover more extended services and linkage 
opportunities. As the financial crisis continues to spread, 
“huddling together for warmth” with their customers 
should be one of  the preferred options for logistics 
companies to “survive the winter”.
Finally, innovation in logistics cost management is also 
an important aspect of  service innovation for logistics 
companies. The contribution of  logistics companies 
to customer logistics cost management lies not only in 
reducing service prices, but also in the service value-
added of  the logistics management solutions provided. 
Logistics companies should strive to improve the value of  
logistics outsourcing or logistics services and enhance the 
market competitiveness of  customers by understanding 
customer service requirements, optimizing service 
solutions, simplifying service processes, and improving 
information sharing levels.

Table 1: Total volume of  the global logistics services market from 2001-2024
Year Total volume of  the global logistics services market 

in (USD 100 million)
2001 3200
2002 3300
2003 3400
2004 3600
2005 3800
2006 4000
2007 4300
2008 4600
2009 4700
2010 4900
2011 5200
2012 5400
2013 5700
2014 6000
2015 6300
2016 6600



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Through service innovation, logistics companies can 
better meet the needs of  manufacturing companies, 
enhance their own market competitiveness, and achieve 
collaborative linkage with manufacturing companies. It 
is worth noting that the global logistics service market 
is growing rapidly. According to Table.1, the linear 
regression model is used to predict the total volume of  
the global logistics service market from 2025 to 2030 
based on the existing data, as shown in Figure 2 and 3, 
and the previous data trends are continued for prediction, 
the global logistics service market is expected to reach 
nearly US$10 trillion by 2026, code is shown in appendix 
1. This growth trend shows the increasing demand for 
efficient and innovative logistics services.

The Impact of  3d Printing on the Logistics Industry 
As an important innovative means of  logistics, the 
rapid development of  3D printing technology has had 
a profound impact on the logistics industry. First, 3D 
printing technology brings production bases closer to 
consumer destinations, which will lead to a reduction in 
global logistics volume. As more products are produced 
near consumer locations, the global logistics network will 
face a strategic contraction, and logistics companies need 
to adjust their business models to adapt to new market 
demands. The continuous enrichment of  3D printing 
materials has enabled 3D printing technology to be 
applied in more fields. 

2017 7000
2018 7300
2019 7600
2020 8000
2021 8300
2022 8700
2023 9100
2024 9500

Figure 2: Linear regression analysis of  logistics market volume

Figure 3: Logistics Market Volume Forecast



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At present, 3D printing has been applied to manufacturing, 
service, education, scientific research and other fields, 
including automobiles, clothing, medical care, food, 
aerospace, teaching, etc. This diversification of  materials 
and application fields has shifted logistics demand 
from traditional raw materials and finished product 
transportation to the transportation of  3D printing 
materials and related technical support. A notable feature 
of  3D printing technology is that its product design space 
is unlimited and can meet personalized needs. In today’s 
market-oriented world, consumers’ personalized needs are 
increasing, and 3D printing technology can just meet this 
need. Enterprises can design and produce personalized 
products according to the specific needs of  customers, 
and logistics companies need to provide flexible logistics 
solutions to support this personalized production 
method. In addition, 3D printing technology enables 
manufacturing companies to adjust production processes 
more flexibly, which requires logistics companies to have 
stronger adaptability and innovation capabilities to meet 
the changing needs of  manufacturing companies. 
Logistics companies need to continue to work hard on 
service innovation, provide more flexible and efficient 
logistics services, and achieve collaborative linkage with 
manufacturing companies. 3D printing technology has 
put forward higher requirements for logistics companies. 
Logistics companies need to continuously improve their 
own technical level and service capabilities to cope with 
the challenges and opportunities brought by 3D printing 
technology. For example, logistics companies can improve 
the automation level and service quality of  logistics 
management, reduce logistics costs, and improve logistics 
efficiency by using advanced information technology. 
At the same time, logistics companies need to strengthen 
cooperation with 3D printing technology providers 
to jointly develop new logistics solutions. Through 
cooperation, logistics companies can better understand 
the development trend and market demand of  3D printing 
technology, and timely adjust their own business models 
and service strategies to adapt to market changes. 
In summary, the rapid development of  3D printing 
technology has had a profound impact on the logistics 
industry. Logistics companies need to continuously 
innovate service models, improve service quality 
and transparency to adapt to the changing needs 
of  manufacturing companies, so as to maintain 
competitiveness in the fierce market competition. At the 
same time, logistics companies also need to strengthen 
cooperation with 3D printing technology providers, 
jointly develop new logistics solutions, and achieve 
collaborative linkage with manufacturing companies. 
Through this collaboration and innovation, logistics 
companies can better cope with the challenges brought by 
3D printing technology, seize new market opportunities, 
and build an efficient wholesale business service system. 
According to market data, the global 3D printing market 
is expected to reach US$34 billion in 2025, which further 
shows the important position and huge potential of  3D 
printing technology in the future market.

CONCLUSION
In today’s rapidly changing business environment, 
building an efficient logistics service system is crucial to 
the success of  wholesale enterprises. This article analyzes 
the management logic of  logistics outsourcing, the service 
innovation of  logistics enterprises, and the impact of  3D 
printing technology on the logistics industry. Together, 
these factors constitute the core elements of  innovative 
logistics solutions.
First, as an important way of  resource allocation, logistics 
outsourcing can help wholesale enterprises reduce 
costs, improve service quality, and enhance market 
competitiveness. When choosing logistics outsourcing, 
enterprises need to establish an effective collaboration 
mechanism and comprehensively consider factors such 
as cost, service level, technical capabilities and market 
changes to ensure the reliability and efficiency of  
outsourced services.
Secondly, logistics enterprises can better meet the needs 
of  wholesale enterprises through continuous service 
innovation. Service innovation includes updating service 
concepts, innovating cooperation models, developing 
customer resources, increasing service transparency 
and optimizing cost management. These innovative 
measures not only help to improve the quality of  
logistics services, but also enhance the competitiveness 
of  logistics enterprises in the market and achieve 
collaborative linkage with manufacturing enterprises. 
Finally, the rapid development of  3D printing technology 
has had a profound impact on the logistics industry. 
3D printing technology makes production bases closer 
to consumer destinations, thereby reducing global 
logistics volume and prompting logistics companies to 
adjust their business models. In addition, 3D printing 
technology meets the personalized needs of  consumers 
and requires logistics companies to provide more flexible 
and efficient logistics solutions. Overall, the management 
logic of  logistics outsourcing, the service innovation of  
logistics companies, and the application of  3D printing 
technology constitute the key elements of  innovative 
logistics solutions. These elements interact with each 
other and jointly promote the construction of  an efficient 
wholesale business service system. Through continuous 
optimization and innovation, wholesale companies 
can maintain their leading position in the fierce market 
competition and achieve sustainable development.

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