id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
ajahs-3965	1	1	pa	pa	PROPN
ajahs-3965	1	2	ge	ge	PROPN
ajahs-3965	1	3	1	1	NUM
ajahs-3965	1	4	pa	pa	PROPN
ajahs-3965	1	5	ge	ge	PROPN
ajahs-3965	1	6	15	15	NUM
ajahs-3965	1	7	american	american	PROPN
ajahs-3965	1	8	journal	journal	PROPN
ajahs-3965	1	9	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	1	10	arts	art	NOUN
ajahs-3965	1	11	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	1	12	human	human	ADJ
ajahs-3965	1	13	science	science	NOUN
ajahs-3965	1	14	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	1	15	ajahs	ajah	NOUN
ajahs-3965	1	16	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	1	17	enhancing	enhance	VERB
ajahs-3965	1	18	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	1	19	skills	skill	NOUN
ajahs-3965	1	20	among	among	ADP
ajahs-3965	1	21	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ajahs-3965	1	22	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	1	23	:	:	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	1	24	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	1	25	hands	hand	NOUN
ajahs-3965	1	26	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	1	27	on	on	ADP
ajahs-3965	1	28	approach	approach	NOUN
ajahs-3965	1	29	using	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	1	30	bundle	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	1	31	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	1	32	stick	stick	PROPN
ajahs-3965	1	33	atar	atar	PROPN
ajahs-3965	1	34	alphaa	alphaa	PROPN
ajahs-3965	1	35	mohammed1	mohammed1	PROPN
ajahs-3965	1	36	*	*	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	1	37	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	1	38	alhassan	alhassan	PROPN
ajahs-3965	1	39	iman2	iman2	PROPN
ajahs-3965	1	40	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	1	41	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	1	42	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	1	43	hassan	hassan	PROPN
ajahs-3965	1	44	abdul	abdul	PROPN
ajahs-3965	1	45	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	1	46	mumin1	mumin1	PROPN
ajahs-3965	1	47	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	1	48	abu	abu	PROPN
ajahs-3965	1	49	ahmad	ahmad	PROPN
ajahs-3965	1	50	anass1	anass1	PROPN
ajahs-3965	1	51	volume	volume	NOUN
ajahs-3965	1	52	4	4	NUM
ajahs-3965	1	53	issue	issue	NOUN
ajahs-3965	1	54	1	1	NUM
ajahs-3965	1	55	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	1	56	year	year	NOUN
ajahs-3965	1	57	2025	2025	NUM
ajahs-3965	1	58	issn	issn	X
ajahs-3965	1	59	:	:	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	1	60	2832	2832	NUM
ajahs-3965	1	61	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	1	62	451x	451x	NUM
ajahs-3965	1	63	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	1	64	online	online	ADJ
ajahs-3965	1	65	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	1	66	doi	doi	NOUN
ajahs-3965	1	67	:	:	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	1	68	https://doi.org/10.54536/ajahs.v4i1.3965	https://doi.org/10.54536/ajahs.v4i1.3965	PROPN
ajahs-3965	1	69	https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajahs	https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajahs	PROPN
ajahs-3965	1	70	article	article	NOUN
ajahs-3965	1	71	information	information	NOUN
ajahs-3965	1	72	abstract	abstract	ADV
ajahs-3965	1	73	received	receive	VERB
ajahs-3965	1	74	:	:	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	1	75	october	october	PROPN
ajahs-3965	1	76	28	28	NUM
ajahs-3965	1	77	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	1	78	2024	2024	NUM
ajahs-3965	1	79	accepted	accept	VERB
ajahs-3965	1	80	:	:	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	1	81	november	november	PROPN
ajahs-3965	1	82	29	29	NUM
ajahs-3965	1	83	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	1	84	2024	2024	NUM
ajahs-3965	1	85	published	publish	VERB
ajahs-3965	1	86	:	:	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	1	87	january	january	PROPN
ajahs-3965	1	88	07	07	NUM
ajahs-3965	1	89	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	1	90	2025	2025	NUM
ajahs-3965	1	91	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	1	92	inception	inception	NOUN
ajahs-3965	1	93	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	1	94	standard	standard	NOUN
ajahs-3965	1	95	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	1	96	based	base	VERB
ajahs-3965	1	97	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ajahs-3965	1	98	curricula	curricula	NOUN
ajahs-3965	1	99	has	have	AUX
ajahs-3965	1	100	underscored	underscore	VERB
ajahs-3965	1	101	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	1	102	variety	variety	NOUN
ajahs-3965	1	103	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	1	104	students	student	NOUN
ajahs-3965	1	105	’	’	PART
ajahs-3965	1	106	backgrounds	background	NOUN
ajahs-3965	1	107	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	1	108	learning	learning	NOUN
ajahs-3965	1	109	abilities	ability	NOUN
ajahs-3965	1	110	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	1	111	posing	pose	VERB
ajahs-3965	1	112	noteworthy	noteworthy	ADJ
ajahs-3965	1	113	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	1	114	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	1	115	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	1	116	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	1	117	particularly	particularly	ADV
ajahs-3965	1	118	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	1	119	promoting	promote	VERB
ajahs-3965	1	120	foundational	foundational	ADJ
ajahs-3965	1	121	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	1	122	skills	skill	NOUN
ajahs-3965	1	123	such	such	ADJ
ajahs-3965	1	124	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	1	125	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	1	126	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	2	1	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	2	2	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	2	3	investigates	investigate	VERB
ajahs-3965	2	4	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	2	5	use	use	NOUN
ajahs-3965	2	6	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	2	7	practical	practical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	2	8	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ajahs-3965	2	9	aids	aid	NOUN
ajahs-3965	2	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	2	11	specifically	specifically	ADV
ajahs-3965	2	12	bundles	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	2	13	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	2	14	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	2	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	2	16	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	2	17	improve	improve	VERB
ajahs-3965	2	18	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	2	19	skills	skill	NOUN
ajahs-3965	2	20	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	2	21	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ajahs-3965	2	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	3	1	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	3	2	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	3	3	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ajahs-3965	3	4	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	3	5	involved	involve	VERB
ajahs-3965	3	6	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	3	7	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	3	8	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	3	9	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	4	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	4	2	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	4	3	sought	seek	VERB
ajahs-3965	4	4	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	4	5	identify	identify	VERB
ajahs-3965	4	6	students	student	NOUN
ajahs-3965	4	7	’	'	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	4	8	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
ajahs-3965	4	9	when	when	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	4	10	learning	learn	VERB
ajahs-3965	4	11	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	4	12	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	4	13	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
ajahs-3965	4	14	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	4	15	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ajahs-3965	4	16	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	4	17	using	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	4	18	physical	physical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	4	19	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ajahs-3965	4	20	resources	resource	NOUN
ajahs-3965	4	21	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	4	22	address	address	VERB
ajahs-3965	4	23	these	these	DET
ajahs-3965	4	24	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	4	25	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	5	1	pre	pre	ADJ
ajahs-3965	5	2	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	5	3	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	5	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	5	5	post	post	ADJ
ajahs-3965	5	6	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	5	7	test	test	ADJ
ajahs-3965	5	8	results	result	NOUN
ajahs-3965	5	9	revealed	reveal	VERB
ajahs-3965	5	10	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	5	11	notable	notable	ADJ
ajahs-3965	5	12	improvement	improvement	NOUN
ajahs-3965	5	13	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	5	14	student	student	NOUN
ajahs-3965	5	15	performance	performance	NOUN
ajahs-3965	5	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	5	17	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	5	18	57.9	57.9	NUM
ajahs-3965	5	19	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	5	20	achieving	achieve	VERB
ajahs-3965	5	21	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	5	22	passing	passing	NOUN
ajahs-3965	5	23	score	score	NOUN
ajahs-3965	5	24	after	after	ADP
ajahs-3965	5	25	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	5	26	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	5	27	compared	compare	VERB
ajahs-3965	5	28	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	5	29	23.7	23.7	NUM
ajahs-3965	5	30	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	5	31	before	before	ADP
ajahs-3965	5	32	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	5	33	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	5	34	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	6	1	observations	observation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	6	2	highlighted	highlight	VERB
ajahs-3965	6	3	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	6	4	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	6	5	visual	visual	ADJ
ajahs-3965	6	6	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	6	7	tactile	tactile	ADJ
ajahs-3965	6	8	nature	nature	NOUN
ajahs-3965	6	9	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	6	10	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	6	11	bundle	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	6	12	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	6	13	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	6	14	method	method	VERB
ajahs-3965	6	15	significantly	significantly	ADV
ajahs-3965	6	16	enhanced	enhance	VERB
ajahs-3965	6	17	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	6	18	’	'	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	6	19	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
ajahs-3965	6	20	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	6	21	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	6	22	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	6	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	7	1	however	however	ADV
ajahs-3965	7	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	7	3	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	7	4	such	such	ADJ
ajahs-3965	7	5	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	7	6	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
ajahs-3965	7	7	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	7	8	managing	manage	VERB
ajahs-3965	7	9	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	7	10	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	7	11	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	7	12	identified	identify	VERB
ajahs-3965	7	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	7	14	leading	lead	VERB
ajahs-3965	7	15	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	7	16	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	7	17	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	7	18	interactive	interactive	ADJ
ajahs-3965	7	19	learning	learning	NOUN
ajahs-3965	7	20	tools	tool	NOUN
ajahs-3965	7	21	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	7	22	early	early	ADJ
ajahs-3965	7	23	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	7	24	grade	grade	NOUN
ajahs-3965	7	25	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ajahs-3965	7	26	education	education	NOUN
ajahs-3965	7	27	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	7	28	bridge	bridge	VERB
ajahs-3965	7	29	foundational	foundational	ADJ
ajahs-3965	7	30	gaps	gap	NOUN
ajahs-3965	7	31	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	7	32	numeracy	numeracy	NOUN
ajahs-3965	7	33	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	8	1	keywords	keyword	VERB
ajahs-3965	8	2	action	action	NOUN
ajahs-3965	8	3	research	research	NOUN
ajahs-3965	8	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	8	5	bundles	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	8	6	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	8	7	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	8	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	8	9	early	early	ADJ
ajahs-3965	8	10	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	8	11	grade	grade	NOUN
ajahs-3965	8	12	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ajahs-3965	8	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	8	14	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ajahs-3965	8	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	8	16	hands	hand	NOUN
ajahs-3965	8	17	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	8	18	on	on	ADP
ajahs-3965	8	19	learning	learning	NOUN
ajahs-3965	8	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	8	21	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ajahs-3965	8	22	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	8	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	8	24	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	8	25	1	1	NUM
ajahs-3965	8	26	department	department	NOUN
ajahs-3965	8	27	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	8	28	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
ajahs-3965	8	29	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	8	30	ict	ict	PROPN
ajahs-3965	8	31	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	8	32	nusrat	nusrat	PROPN
ajahs-3965	8	33	jahan	jahan	PROPN
ajahs-3965	8	34	ahmadiyya	ahmadiyya	PROPN
ajahs-3965	8	35	college	college	PROPN
ajahs-3965	8	36	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	8	37	education	education	NOUN
ajahs-3965	8	38	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	8	39	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ajahs-3965	8	40	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	8	41	department	department	NOUN
ajahs-3965	8	42	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	8	43	early	early	ADJ
ajahs-3965	8	44	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ajahs-3965	8	45	education	education	NOUN
ajahs-3965	8	46	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	8	47	nusrat	nusrat	PROPN
ajahs-3965	8	48	jahan	jahan	PROPN
ajahs-3965	8	49	ahmadiyya	ahmadiyya	PROPN
ajahs-3965	8	50	college	college	PROPN
ajahs-3965	8	51	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	8	52	education	education	NOUN
ajahs-3965	8	53	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	8	54	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ajahs-3965	8	55	*	*	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	8	56	corresponding	correspond	VERB
ajahs-3965	8	57	author	author	NOUN
ajahs-3965	8	58	’s	’s	PART
ajahs-3965	8	59	email	email	NOUN
ajahs-3965	8	60	:	:	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	8	61	ataralphaa.mohammed@stu.ucc.edu.gh	ataralphaa.mohammed@stu.ucc.edu.gh	NUM
ajahs-3965	8	62	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	8	63	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	8	64	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	8	65	domain	domain	NOUN
ajahs-3965	8	66	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	8	67	early	early	ADJ
ajahs-3965	8	68	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ajahs-3965	8	69	education	education	NOUN
ajahs-3965	8	70	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	8	71	developing	develop	VERB
ajahs-3965	8	72	foundational	foundational	ADJ
ajahs-3965	8	73	numeracy	numeracy	NOUN
ajahs-3965	8	74	skills	skill	NOUN
ajahs-3965	8	75	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	8	76	paramount	paramount	ADJ
ajahs-3965	8	77	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	8	78	salminen	salminen	NOUN
ajahs-3965	8	79	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	8	80	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	8	81	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	8	82	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	8	83	2021	2021	NUM
ajahs-3965	8	84	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	8	85	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	9	1	according	accord	VERB
ajahs-3965	9	2	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	9	3	nkansah	nkansah	PROPN
ajahs-3965	9	4	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	9	5	2020	2020	NUM
ajahs-3965	9	6	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	9	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	9	8	understanding	understand	VERB
ajahs-3965	9	9	basic	basic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	9	10	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	9	11	operations	operation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	9	12	such	such	ADJ
ajahs-3965	9	13	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	9	14	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	9	15	lays	lay	VERB
ajahs-3965	9	16	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	9	17	groundwork	groundwork	NOUN
ajahs-3965	9	18	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	9	19	more	more	ADJ
ajahs-3965	9	20	advanced	advanced	ADJ
ajahs-3965	9	21	concepts	concept	NOUN
ajahs-3965	9	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	10	1	early	early	ADJ
ajahs-3965	10	2	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ajahs-3965	10	3	education	education	NOUN
ajahs-3965	10	4	research	research	NOUN
ajahs-3965	10	5	suggests	suggest	VERB
ajahs-3965	10	6	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	10	7	hands	hand	NOUN
ajahs-3965	10	8	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	10	9	on	on	ADP
ajahs-3965	10	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	10	11	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajahs-3965	10	12	experiences	experience	NOUN
ajahs-3965	10	13	significantly	significantly	ADV
ajahs-3965	10	14	enhance	enhance	VERB
ajahs-3965	10	15	young	young	ADJ
ajahs-3965	10	16	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	10	17	’	’	PART
ajahs-3965	10	18	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	10	19	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	10	20	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	10	21	concepts	concept	NOUN
ajahs-3965	10	22	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	10	23	bernard	bernard	PROPN
ajahs-3965	10	24	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	10	25	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	10	26	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	10	27	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	10	28	2020	2020	NUM
ajahs-3965	10	29	;	;	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	10	30	salminen	salminen	PROPN
ajahs-3965	10	31	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	10	32	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	10	33	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	10	34	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	10	35	2021	2021	NUM
ajahs-3965	10	36	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	10	37	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	11	1	singh	singh	PROPN
ajahs-3965	11	2	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	11	3	2023	2023	NUM
ajahs-3965	11	4	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	11	5	argued	argue	VERB
ajahs-3965	11	6	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	11	7	traditional	traditional	ADJ
ajahs-3965	11	8	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ajahs-3965	11	9	methods	method	NOUN
ajahs-3965	11	10	may	may	AUX
ajahs-3965	11	11	not	not	PART
ajahs-3965	11	12	always	always	ADV
ajahs-3965	11	13	resonate	resonate	VERB
ajahs-3965	11	14	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	11	15	every	every	DET
ajahs-3965	11	16	child	child	NOUN
ajahs-3965	11	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	11	18	particularly	particularly	ADV
ajahs-3965	11	19	those	those	PRON
ajahs-3965	11	20	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	11	21	diverse	diverse	ADJ
ajahs-3965	11	22	learning	learning	NOUN
ajahs-3965	11	23	styles	style	NOUN
ajahs-3965	11	24	or	or	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	11	25	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	11	26	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	12	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
ajahs-3965	12	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	12	3	exploring	explore	VERB
ajahs-3965	12	4	alternative	alternative	ADJ
ajahs-3965	12	5	approaches	approach	NOUN
ajahs-3965	12	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	12	7	such	such	ADJ
ajahs-3965	12	8	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	12	9	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	12	10	use	use	NOUN
ajahs-3965	12	11	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	12	12	manipulatives	manipulative	NOUN
ajahs-3965	12	13	like	like	ADP
ajahs-3965	12	14	bundles	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	12	15	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	12	16	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	12	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	12	18	presents	present	VERB
ajahs-3965	12	19	an	an	DET
ajahs-3965	12	20	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
ajahs-3965	12	21	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	12	22	cater	cater	VERB
ajahs-3965	12	23	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	12	24	different	different	ADJ
ajahs-3965	12	25	learning	learning	NOUN
ajahs-3965	12	26	needs	need	NOUN
ajahs-3965	12	27	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	12	28	promote	promote	VERB
ajahs-3965	12	29	inclusivity	inclusivity	NOUN
ajahs-3965	12	30	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	12	31	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	12	32	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ajahs-3965	12	33	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	13	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	13	2	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
ajahs-3965	13	3	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ajahs-3965	13	4	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	13	5	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ajahs-3965	13	6	was	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	13	7	revised	revise	VERB
ajahs-3965	13	8	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	13	9	2019	2019	NUM
ajahs-3965	13	10	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	13	11	prepare	prepare	VERB
ajahs-3965	13	12	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	13	13	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	13	14	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	13	15	skills	skill	NOUN
ajahs-3965	13	16	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	13	17	abilities	ability	NOUN
ajahs-3965	13	18	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	13	19	qualify	qualify	VERB
ajahs-3965	13	20	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	13	21	many	many	ADJ
ajahs-3965	13	22	desired	desire	VERB
ajahs-3965	13	23	courses	course	NOUN
ajahs-3965	13	24	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	13	25	national	national	ADJ
ajahs-3965	13	26	council	council	NOUN
ajahs-3965	13	27	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	13	28	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ajahs-3965	13	29	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	13	30	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ajahs-3965	13	31	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	13	32	2019	2019	NUM
ajahs-3965	13	33	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	13	34	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	14	1	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	14	2	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ajahs-3965	14	3	underscores	underscore	VERB
ajahs-3965	14	4	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	14	5	need	need	NOUN
ajahs-3965	14	6	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	14	7	teach	teach	VERB
ajahs-3965	14	8	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ajahs-3965	14	9	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	14	10	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajahs-3965	14	11	objects	object	NOUN
ajahs-3965	14	12	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	14	13	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	14	14	learner	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	14	15	leading	lead	VERB
ajahs-3965	14	16	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	14	17	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ajahs-3965	14	18	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	14	19	learning	learning	NOUN
ajahs-3965	14	20	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	15	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
ajahs-3965	15	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	15	3	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	15	4	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ajahs-3965	15	5	can	can	AUX
ajahs-3965	15	6	be	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	15	7	said	say	VERB
ajahs-3965	15	8	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	15	9	be	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	15	10	rooted	root	VERB
ajahs-3965	15	11	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	15	12	constructivism	constructivism	NOUN
ajahs-3965	15	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	16	1	constructivism	constructivism	NOUN
ajahs-3965	16	2	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	16	3	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	16	4	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	16	5	framework	framework	NOUN
ajahs-3965	16	6	that	that	PRON
ajahs-3965	16	7	influenced	influence	VERB
ajahs-3965	16	8	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	16	9	recent	recent	ADJ
ajahs-3965	16	10	modifications	modification	NOUN
ajahs-3965	16	11	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	16	12	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	16	13	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN
ajahs-3965	16	14	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ajahs-3965	16	15	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	16	16	cater	cater	VERB
ajahs-3965	16	17	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	16	18	diverse	diverse	VERB
ajahs-3965	16	19	learning	learning	NOUN
ajahs-3965	16	20	styles	style	NOUN
ajahs-3965	16	21	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	16	22	ministry	ministry	NOUN
ajahs-3965	16	23	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	16	24	education	education	PROPN
ajahs-3965	16	25	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	16	26	2019	2019	NUM
ajahs-3965	16	27	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	16	28	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	17	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	17	2	incorporation	incorporation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	17	3	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	17	4	constructivism	constructivism	NOUN
ajahs-3965	17	5	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	17	6	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	17	7	foundational	foundational	ADJ
ajahs-3965	17	8	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
ajahs-3965	17	9	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	17	10	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	17	11	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN
ajahs-3965	17	12	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ajahs-3965	17	13	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	17	14	rooted	root	VERB
ajahs-3965	17	15	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	17	16	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	17	17	recognition	recognition	NOUN
ajahs-3965	17	18	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	17	19	unique	unique	ADJ
ajahs-3965	17	20	methods	method	NOUN
ajahs-3965	17	21	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	17	22	conceptualizing	conceptualize	VERB
ajahs-3965	17	23	reality	reality	NOUN
ajahs-3965	17	24	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	17	25	moe	moe	NOUN
ajahs-3965	17	26	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	17	27	2019	2019	NUM
ajahs-3965	17	28	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	17	29	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	18	1	several	several	ADJ
ajahs-3965	18	2	studies	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	18	3	have	have	AUX
ajahs-3965	18	4	shown	show	VERB
ajahs-3965	18	5	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	18	6	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	18	7	most	most	ADV
ajahs-3965	18	8	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
ajahs-3965	18	9	concepts	concept	NOUN
ajahs-3965	18	10	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	18	11	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ajahs-3965	18	12	consist	consist	VERB
ajahs-3965	18	13	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	18	14	two	two	NUM
ajahs-3965	18	15	primary	primary	ADJ
ajahs-3965	18	16	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	18	17	operations	operation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	18	18	known	know	VERB
ajahs-3965	18	19	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	18	20	additions	addition	NOUN
ajahs-3965	18	21	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	18	22	subtractions	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	18	23	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	18	24	ipek	ipek	PROPN
ajahs-3965	18	25	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	18	26	2018	2018	NUM
ajahs-3965	18	27	;	;	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	18	28	kwakye	kwakye	VERB
ajahs-3965	18	29	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	18	30	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	18	31	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	18	32	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	18	33	2020	2020	NUM
ajahs-3965	18	34	;	;	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	18	35	starkey	starkey	NOUN
ajahs-3965	18	36	&	&	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	18	37	gelman	gelman	PROPN
ajahs-3965	18	38	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	18	39	2020	2020	NUM
ajahs-3965	18	40	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	18	41	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	19	1	ipek	ipek	PROPN
ajahs-3965	19	2	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	19	3	2018	2018	NUM
ajahs-3965	19	4	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	19	5	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	19	6	kwakye	kwakye	VERB
ajahs-3965	19	7	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	19	8	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	19	9	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	19	10	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	19	11	2020	2020	NUM
ajahs-3965	19	12	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	19	13	argued	argue	VERB
ajahs-3965	19	14	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	19	15	no	no	DET
ajahs-3965	19	16	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN
ajahs-3965	19	17	notion	notion	NOUN
ajahs-3965	19	18	can	can	AUX
ajahs-3965	19	19	be	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	19	20	developed	develop	VERB
ajahs-3965	19	21	without	without	ADP
ajahs-3965	19	22	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	19	23	strong	strong	ADJ
ajahs-3965	19	24	basis	basis	NOUN
ajahs-3965	19	25	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	19	26	basic	basic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	19	27	operations	operation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	19	28	such	such	ADJ
ajahs-3965	19	29	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	19	30	addition	addition	NOUN
ajahs-3965	19	31	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	19	32	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	19	33	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	20	1	however	however	ADV
ajahs-3965	20	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	20	3	most	most	ADJ
ajahs-3965	20	4	research	research	NOUN
ajahs-3965	20	5	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
ajahs-3965	20	6	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	20	7	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	20	8	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	20	9	fluency	fluency	NOUN
ajahs-3965	20	10	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	20	11	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	20	12	more	more	ADV
ajahs-3965	20	13	challenging	challenging	ADJ
ajahs-3965	20	14	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	20	15	concept	concept	NOUN
ajahs-3965	20	16	compared	compare	VERB
ajahs-3965	20	17	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	20	18	addition	addition	NOUN
ajahs-3965	20	19	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	20	20	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ajahs-3965	20	21	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	20	22	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ajahs-3965	20	23	kullberg	kullberg	PROPN
ajahs-3965	20	24	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	20	25	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	20	26	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	20	27	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	20	28	2019	2019	NUM
ajahs-3965	20	29	;	;	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	20	30	nkansah	nkansah	NUM
ajahs-3965	20	31	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	20	32	2020	2020	NUM
ajahs-3965	20	33	;	;	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	20	34	sidik	sidik	PROPN
ajahs-3965	20	35	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	20	36	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	20	37	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	20	38	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	20	39	2021	2021	NUM
ajahs-3965	20	40	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	20	41	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	21	1	kullberg	kullberg	PROPN
ajahs-3965	21	2	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	21	3	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	21	4	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	22	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	22	2	2019	2019	NUM
ajahs-3965	22	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	22	4	found	find	VERB
ajahs-3965	22	5	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	22	6	young	young	ADJ
ajahs-3965	22	7	children	child	NOUN
ajahs-3965	22	8	may	may	AUX
ajahs-3965	22	9	struggle	struggle	VERB
ajahs-3965	22	10	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	22	11	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	22	12	notion	notion	NOUN
ajahs-3965	22	13	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	22	14	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	22	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	22	16	as	as	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	22	17	it	it	PRON
ajahs-3965	22	18	can	can	AUX
ajahs-3965	22	19	be	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	22	20	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	22	21	challenging	challenging	ADJ
ajahs-3965	22	22	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	22	23	operation	operation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	22	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	23	1	mastering	master	VERB
ajahs-3965	23	2	basic	basic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	23	3	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	23	4	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	23	5	crucial	crucial	ADJ
ajahs-3965	23	6	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	23	7	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ajahs-3965	23	8	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	23	9	failing	fail	VERB
ajahs-3965	23	10	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	23	11	do	do	VERB
ajahs-3965	23	12	so	so	ADV
ajahs-3965	23	13	can	can	AUX
ajahs-3965	23	14	hinder	hinder	VERB
ajahs-3965	23	15	educational	educational	ADJ
ajahs-3965	23	16	progress	progress	NOUN
ajahs-3965	23	17	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	23	18	kullberg	kullberg	PROPN
ajahs-3965	23	19	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	23	20	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	23	21	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	23	22	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	23	23	2019	2019	NUM
ajahs-3965	23	24	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	23	25	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	24	1	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	24	2	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	24	3	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	24	4	part	part	NOUN
ajahs-3965	24	5	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	24	6	our	our	PRON
ajahs-3965	24	7	everyday	everyday	ADJ
ajahs-3965	24	8	lives	life	NOUN
ajahs-3965	24	9	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	24	10	therefore	therefore	ADV
ajahs-3965	24	11	an	an	DET
ajahs-3965	24	12	important	important	ADJ
ajahs-3965	24	13	concept	concept	NOUN
ajahs-3965	24	14	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	24	15	develop	develop	VERB
ajahs-3965	24	16	early	early	ADV
ajahs-3965	24	17	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	24	18	byjus	byju	NOUN
ajahs-3965	24	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	24	20	2023	2023	NUM
ajahs-3965	24	21	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	24	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	25	1	understanding	understand	VERB
ajahs-3965	25	2	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	25	3	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	25	4	essential	essential	ADJ
ajahs-3965	25	5	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	25	6	engaging	engage	VERB
ajahs-3965	25	7	effectively	effectively	ADV
ajahs-3965	25	8	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	25	9	society	society	NOUN
ajahs-3965	25	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	25	11	as	as	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	25	12	it	it	PRON
ajahs-3965	25	13	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	25	14	utilised	utilise	VERB
ajahs-3965	25	15	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	25	16	various	various	ADJ
ajahs-3965	25	17	daily	daily	ADJ
ajahs-3965	25	18	activities	activity	NOUN
ajahs-3965	25	19	such	such	ADJ
ajahs-3965	25	20	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	25	21	managing	manage	VERB
ajahs-3965	25	22	finances	finance	NOUN
ajahs-3965	25	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	25	24	cooking	cooking	NOUN
ajahs-3965	25	25	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	25	26	traveling	traveling	NOUN
ajahs-3965	25	27	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	25	28	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	25	29	time	time	NOUN
ajahs-3965	25	30	management	management	NOUN
ajahs-3965	25	31	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	25	32	kwakye	kwakye	NOUN
ajahs-3965	25	33	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	25	34	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	25	35	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	25	36	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	25	37	2020	2020	NUM
ajahs-3965	25	38	;	;	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	25	39	nkansah	nkansah	PROPN
ajahs-3965	25	40	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	25	41	2020	2020	NUM
ajahs-3965	25	42	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	25	43	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	26	1	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	26	2	helps	help	VERB
ajahs-3965	26	3	children	child	NOUN
ajahs-3965	26	4	understand	understand	VERB
ajahs-3965	26	5	how	how	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	26	6	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	26	7	associate	associate	VERB
ajahs-3965	26	8	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	26	9	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	26	10	objects	object	NOUN
ajahs-3965	26	11	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	26	12	calculate	calculate	VERB
ajahs-3965	26	13	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	26	14	express	express	VERB
ajahs-3965	26	15	losses	loss	NOUN
ajahs-3965	26	16	using	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	26	17	math	math	NOUN
ajahs-3965	26	18	language	language	NOUN
ajahs-3965	26	19	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	26	20	sidik	sidik	NOUN
ajahs-3965	26	21	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	26	22	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	26	23	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	26	24	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	26	25	2021	2021	NUM
ajahs-3965	26	26	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	26	27	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	27	1	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	27	2	help	help	VERB
ajahs-3965	27	3	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	27	4	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	27	5	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	27	6	practical	practical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	27	7	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	27	8	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	27	9	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	27	10	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	27	11	problem	problem	NOUN
ajahs-3965	27	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	27	13	various	various	ADJ
ajahs-3965	27	14	researchers	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	27	15	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	27	16	professional	professional	ADJ
ajahs-3965	27	17	organisations	organisation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	27	18	have	have	AUX
ajahs-3965	27	19	suggested	suggest	VERB
ajahs-3965	27	20	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	27	21	range	range	NOUN
ajahs-3965	27	22	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	27	23	interconnected	interconnected	ADJ
ajahs-3965	27	24	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ajahs-3965	27	25	methods	method	NOUN
ajahs-3965	27	26	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	27	27	enhance	enhance	VERB
ajahs-3965	27	28	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	27	29	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	27	30	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	27	31	concept	concept	NOUN
ajahs-3965	27	32	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	27	33	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	27	34	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	27	35	young	young	ADJ
ajahs-3965	27	36	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	27	37	2018	2018	NUM
ajahs-3965	27	38	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	27	39	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	28	1	scholars	scholar	NOUN
ajahs-3965	28	2	recommended	recommend	VERB
ajahs-3965	28	3	using	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	28	4	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	28	5	bundle	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	28	6	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	28	7	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	28	8	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	28	9	teaching	teach	VERB
ajahs-3965	28	10	learning	learn	VERB
ajahs-3965	28	11	resources	resource	NOUN
ajahs-3965	28	12	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	28	13	tlr	tlr	PROPN
ajahs-3965	28	14	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	28	15	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	28	16	students	student	NOUN
ajahs-3965	28	17	who	who	PRON
ajahs-3965	28	18	lack	lack	VERB
ajahs-3965	28	19	an	an	DET
ajahs-3965	28	20	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	28	21	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	28	22	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	28	23	concept	concept	NOUN
ajahs-3965	28	24	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	28	25	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	28	26	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	28	27	jones	jones	PROPN
ajahs-3965	28	28	&	&	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	28	29	tiller	tiller	PROPN
ajahs-3965	28	30	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	28	31	2017	2017	NUM
ajahs-3965	28	32	;	;	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	28	33	kwakye	kwakye	VERB
ajahs-3965	28	34	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	28	35	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	28	36	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	28	37	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	28	38	2020	2020	NUM
ajahs-3965	28	39	;	;	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	28	40	young	young	ADJ
ajahs-3965	28	41	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	28	42	2018	2018	NUM
ajahs-3965	28	43	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	28	44	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	29	1	kwakye	kwakye	PROPN
ajahs-3965	29	2	pa	pa	PROPN
ajahs-3965	29	3	ge	ge	PROPN
ajahs-3965	29	4	16	16	NUM
ajahs-3965	29	5	https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajahs	https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajah	NOUN
ajahs-3965	29	6	am	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	29	7	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	30	1	j.	j.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	30	2	arts	arts	PROPN
ajahs-3965	30	3	hum	hum	PROPN
ajahs-3965	30	4	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	31	1	sci	sci	PROPN
ajahs-3965	31	2	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	31	3	4(1	4(1	NOUN
ajahs-3965	31	4	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	31	5	15	15	NUM
ajahs-3965	31	6	-	-	SYM
ajahs-3965	31	7	24	24	NUM
ajahs-3965	31	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	31	9	2025	2025	NUM
ajahs-3965	31	10	et	et	NOUN
ajahs-3965	31	11	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	31	12	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	31	13	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	31	14	2020	2020	NUM
ajahs-3965	31	15	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	31	16	encouraged	encourage	VERB
ajahs-3965	31	17	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	31	18	significance	significance	NOUN
ajahs-3965	31	19	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	31	20	utilising	utilise	VERB
ajahs-3965	31	21	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	31	22	bundle	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	31	23	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	31	24	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	31	25	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	31	26	aid	aid	VERB
ajahs-3965	31	27	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	31	28	teaching	teach	VERB
ajahs-3965	31	29	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	31	30	operations	operation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	31	31	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	32	1	researchers	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	32	2	like	like	ADP
ajahs-3965	32	3	sidik	sidik	PROPN
ajahs-3965	32	4	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	32	5	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	32	6	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	32	7	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	32	8	2021	2021	NUM
ajahs-3965	32	9	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	32	10	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	32	11	young	young	ADJ
ajahs-3965	32	12	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	32	13	2018	2018	NUM
ajahs-3965	32	14	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	32	15	endorsed	endorse	VERB
ajahs-3965	32	16	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	32	17	take	take	VERB
ajahs-3965	32	18	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	32	19	away	away	NOUN
ajahs-3965	32	20	method	method	NOUN
ajahs-3965	32	21	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	32	22	teaching	teach	VERB
ajahs-3965	32	23	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	32	24	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	32	25	an	an	DET
ajahs-3965	32	26	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ajahs-3965	32	27	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	32	28	based	base	VERB
ajahs-3965	32	29	practice	practice	NOUN
ajahs-3965	32	30	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	32	31	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ajahs-3965	32	32	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	32	33	students	student	NOUN
ajahs-3965	32	34	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	32	35	learning	learn	VERB
ajahs-3965	32	36	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
ajahs-3965	32	37	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	33	1	statement	statement	NOUN
ajahs-3965	33	2	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	33	3	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	33	4	problem	problem	NOUN
ajahs-3965	33	5	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	33	6	ability	ability	NOUN
ajahs-3965	33	7	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	33	8	perform	perform	VERB
ajahs-3965	33	9	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	33	10	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	33	11	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	33	12	foundational	foundational	ADJ
ajahs-3965	33	13	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	33	14	skill	skill	NOUN
ajahs-3965	33	15	that	that	PRON
ajahs-3965	33	16	significantly	significantly	ADV
ajahs-3965	33	17	impacts	impact	VERB
ajahs-3965	33	18	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	33	19	child	child	NOUN
ajahs-3965	33	20	’s	’s	PART
ajahs-3965	33	21	overall	overall	ADJ
ajahs-3965	33	22	academic	academic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	33	23	success	success	NOUN
ajahs-3965	33	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	34	1	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	34	2	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ajahs-3965	34	3	settings	setting	NOUN
ajahs-3965	34	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	34	5	many	many	ADJ
ajahs-3965	34	6	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	34	7	struggle	struggle	VERB
ajahs-3965	34	8	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	34	9	grasp	grasp	VERB
ajahs-3965	34	10	abstract	abstract	ADJ
ajahs-3965	34	11	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	34	12	concepts	concept	NOUN
ajahs-3965	34	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	34	14	leading	lead	VERB
ajahs-3965	34	15	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	34	16	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
ajahs-3965	34	17	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	34	18	basic	basic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	34	19	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	34	20	operations	operation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	34	21	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	34	22	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	34	23	result	result	NOUN
ajahs-3965	34	24	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	34	25	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
ajahs-3965	34	26	documented	document	VERB
ajahs-3965	34	27	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ajahs-3965	34	28	on	on	ADP
ajahs-3965	34	29	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	34	30	use	use	NOUN
ajahs-3965	34	31	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	34	32	various	various	ADJ
ajahs-3965	34	33	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajahs-3965	34	34	materials	material	NOUN
ajahs-3965	34	35	for	for	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	34	36	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	34	37	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	34	38	emulate	emulate	VERB
ajahs-3965	34	39	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	35	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	35	2	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	35	3	availability	availability	NOUN
ajahs-3965	35	4	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	35	5	various	various	ADJ
ajahs-3965	35	6	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ajahs-3965	35	7	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
ajahs-3965	35	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	35	9	traditional	traditional	ADJ
ajahs-3965	35	10	methods	method	NOUN
ajahs-3965	35	11	often	often	ADV
ajahs-3965	35	12	fail	fail	VERB
ajahs-3965	35	13	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	35	14	engage	engage	VERB
ajahs-3965	35	15	young	young	ADJ
ajahs-3965	35	16	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	35	17	effectively	effectively	ADV
ajahs-3965	35	18	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	35	19	resulting	result	VERB
ajahs-3965	35	20	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	35	21	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	35	22	lack	lack	NOUN
ajahs-3965	35	23	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	35	24	confidence	confidence	NOUN
ajahs-3965	35	25	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	35	26	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
ajahs-3965	35	27	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	35	28	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	35	29	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	36	1	many	many	ADJ
ajahs-3965	36	2	scholars	scholar	NOUN
ajahs-3965	36	3	are	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	36	4	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	36	5	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	36	6	view	view	NOUN
ajahs-3965	36	7	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	36	8	visual	visual	ADJ
ajahs-3965	36	9	learning	learning	NOUN
ajahs-3965	36	10	tools	tool	NOUN
ajahs-3965	36	11	like	like	ADP
ajahs-3965	36	12	bundles	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	36	13	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	36	14	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	36	15	improve	improve	VERB
ajahs-3965	36	16	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	36	17	skills	skill	NOUN
ajahs-3965	36	18	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	36	19	fostering	foster	VERB
ajahs-3965	36	20	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	36	21	deeper	deep	ADJ
ajahs-3965	36	22	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	36	23	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	36	24	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	36	25	concepts	concept	NOUN
ajahs-3965	36	26	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	36	27	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	36	28	promoting	promote	VERB
ajahs-3965	36	29	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	36	30	positive	positive	ADJ
ajahs-3965	36	31	attitude	attitude	NOUN
ajahs-3965	36	32	towards	towards	ADP
ajahs-3965	36	33	learning	learn	VERB
ajahs-3965	36	34	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ajahs-3965	36	35	among	among	ADP
ajahs-3965	36	36	young	young	ADJ
ajahs-3965	36	37	children	child	NOUN
ajahs-3965	36	38	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	37	1	purpose	purpose	NOUN
ajahs-3965	37	2	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	37	3	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	37	4	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	37	5	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	37	6	primary	primary	ADJ
ajahs-3965	37	7	objective	objective	NOUN
ajahs-3965	37	8	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	37	9	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	37	10	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	37	11	was	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	37	12	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	37	13	assist	assist	VERB
ajahs-3965	37	14	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ajahs-3965	37	15	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	37	16	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	37	17	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	37	18	school	school	NOUN
ajahs-3965	37	19	within	within	ADP
ajahs-3965	37	20	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	37	21	wa	wa	PROPN
ajahs-3965	37	22	municipality	municipality	NOUN
ajahs-3965	37	23	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	37	24	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ajahs-3965	37	25	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	37	26	overcoming	overcome	VERB
ajahs-3965	37	27	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
ajahs-3965	37	28	associated	associate	VERB
ajahs-3965	37	29	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	37	30	subtracting	subtract	VERB
ajahs-3965	37	31	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	37	32	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	37	33	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	37	34	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	37	35	through	through	ADP
ajahs-3965	37	36	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	37	37	use	use	NOUN
ajahs-3965	37	38	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	37	39	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	37	40	bundle	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	37	41	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	37	42	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	37	43	method	method	NOUN
ajahs-3965	37	44	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	38	1	research	research	NOUN
ajahs-3965	38	2	questions	question	NOUN
ajahs-3965	38	3	1	1	NUM
ajahs-3965	38	4	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	39	1	what	what	PRON
ajahs-3965	39	2	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
ajahs-3965	39	3	do	do	AUX
ajahs-3965	39	4	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ajahs-3965	39	5	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	39	6	encounter	encounter	NOUN
ajahs-3965	39	7	when	when	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	39	8	learning	learn	VERB
ajahs-3965	39	9	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	39	10	skills	skill	NOUN
ajahs-3965	39	11	?	?	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	40	1	2	2	X
ajahs-3965	40	2	.	.	X
ajahs-3965	40	3	how	how	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	40	4	can	can	AUX
ajahs-3965	40	5	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	40	6	use	use	NOUN
ajahs-3965	40	7	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	40	8	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	40	9	bundle	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	40	10	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	40	11	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	40	12	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	40	13	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	40	14	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ajahs-3965	40	15	resource	resource	NOUN
ajahs-3965	40	16	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	40	17	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
ajahs-3965	40	18	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ajahs-3965	40	19	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	40	20	’	'	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	40	21	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	40	22	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	40	23	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	40	24	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	40	25	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	40	26	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	40	27	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	40	28	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	40	29	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	40	30	?	?	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	41	1	3	3	X
ajahs-3965	41	2	.	.	X
ajahs-3965	41	3	what	what	PRON
ajahs-3965	41	4	are	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	41	5	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	41	6	potential	potential	ADJ
ajahs-3965	41	7	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	41	8	associated	associate	VERB
ajahs-3965	41	9	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	41	10	implementing	implement	VERB
ajahs-3965	41	11	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	41	12	bundle	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	41	13	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	41	14	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	41	15	method	method	NOUN
ajahs-3965	41	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	41	17	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	41	18	what	what	DET
ajahs-3965	41	19	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ajahs-3965	41	20	can	can	AUX
ajahs-3965	41	21	be	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	41	22	proposed	propose	VERB
ajahs-3965	41	23	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	41	24	overcome	overcome	VERB
ajahs-3965	41	25	these	these	DET
ajahs-3965	41	26	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	41	27	effectively	effectively	ADV
ajahs-3965	41	28	?	?	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	42	1	it	it	PRON
ajahs-3965	42	2	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	42	3	anticipated	anticipate	VERB
ajahs-3965	42	4	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	42	5	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	42	6	outcome	outcome	NOUN
ajahs-3965	42	7	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	42	8	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	42	9	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	42	10	will	will	AUX
ajahs-3965	42	11	go	go	VERB
ajahs-3965	42	12	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	42	13	long	long	ADJ
ajahs-3965	42	14	way	way	NOUN
ajahs-3965	42	15	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	42	16	help	help	VERB
ajahs-3965	42	17	solve	solve	VERB
ajahs-3965	42	18	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	42	19	problem	problem	NOUN
ajahs-3965	42	20	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	42	21	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	42	22	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ajahs-3965	42	23	pupil	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	42	24	’s	’s	PART
ajahs-3965	42	25	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
ajahs-3965	42	26	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	42	27	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	42	28	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	42	29	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	42	30	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	42	31	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	42	32	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	42	33	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	42	34	enabling	enable	VERB
ajahs-3965	42	35	them	they	PRON
ajahs-3965	42	36	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	42	37	progress	progress	VERB
ajahs-3965	42	38	steadily	steadily	ADV
ajahs-3965	42	39	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	42	40	their	their	PRON
ajahs-3965	42	41	academic	academic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	42	42	ladder	ladder	NOUN
ajahs-3965	42	43	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	43	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	43	2	result	result	NOUN
ajahs-3965	43	3	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	43	4	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	43	5	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	43	6	will	will	AUX
ajahs-3965	43	7	be	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	43	8	useful	useful	ADJ
ajahs-3965	43	9	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	43	10	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	43	11	school	school	NOUN
ajahs-3965	43	12	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	43	13	other	other	ADJ
ajahs-3965	43	14	schools	school	NOUN
ajahs-3965	43	15	by	by	ADP
ajahs-3965	43	16	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	43	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	43	18	future	future	ADJ
ajahs-3965	43	19	researchers	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	43	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	43	21	nongovernmental	nongovernmental	ADJ
ajahs-3965	43	22	organizations	organization	NOUN
ajahs-3965	43	23	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	43	24	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	43	25	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ajahs-3965	43	26	education	education	PROPN
ajahs-3965	43	27	office	office	NOUN
ajahs-3965	43	28	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	43	29	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	43	30	wa	wa	PROPN
ajahs-3965	43	31	municipality	municipality	NOUN
ajahs-3965	43	32	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	43	33	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	43	34	other	other	ADJ
ajahs-3965	43	35	workers	worker	NOUN
ajahs-3965	43	36	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	43	37	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	43	38	field	field	NOUN
ajahs-3965	43	39	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	43	40	education	education	NOUN
ajahs-3965	43	41	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	43	42	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	43	43	municipality	municipality	NOUN
ajahs-3965	43	44	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	44	1	finally	finally	ADV
ajahs-3965	44	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	44	3	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	44	4	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ajahs-3965	44	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	44	6	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	44	7	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	44	8	will	will	AUX
ajahs-3965	44	9	contribute	contribute	VERB
ajahs-3965	44	10	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	44	11	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	44	12	existing	exist	VERB
ajahs-3965	44	13	body	body	NOUN
ajahs-3965	44	14	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	44	15	literature	literature	NOUN
ajahs-3965	44	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	44	17	which	which	PRON
ajahs-3965	44	18	will	will	AUX
ajahs-3965	44	19	improve	improve	VERB
ajahs-3965	44	20	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	44	21	field	field	NOUN
ajahs-3965	44	22	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	44	23	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ajahs-3965	44	24	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	44	25	academia	academia	NOUN
ajahs-3965	44	26	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	45	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
ajahs-3965	45	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	45	3	it	it	PRON
ajahs-3965	45	4	will	will	AUX
ajahs-3965	45	5	serve	serve	VERB
ajahs-3965	45	6	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	45	7	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	45	8	reference	reference	NOUN
ajahs-3965	45	9	document	document	NOUN
ajahs-3965	45	10	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	45	11	researchers	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	45	12	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	45	13	scholars	scholar	NOUN
ajahs-3965	45	14	who	who	PRON
ajahs-3965	45	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	45	16	at	at	ADP
ajahs-3965	45	17	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	45	18	later	later	ADJ
ajahs-3965	45	19	time	time	NOUN
ajahs-3965	45	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	45	21	may	may	AUX
ajahs-3965	45	22	decide	decide	VERB
ajahs-3965	45	23	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	45	24	carry	carry	VERB
ajahs-3965	45	25	out	out	ADP
ajahs-3965	45	26	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	45	27	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	45	28	that	that	PRON
ajahs-3965	45	29	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	45	30	either	either	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	45	31	identical	identical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	45	32	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	45	33	or	or	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	45	34	comparable	comparable	ADJ
ajahs-3965	45	35	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	45	36	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	45	37	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	45	38	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	46	1	literature	literature	PROPN
ajahs-3965	46	2	review	review	PROPN
ajahs-3965	46	3	according	accord	VERB
ajahs-3965	46	4	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	46	5	fuadi	fuadi	NOUN
ajahs-3965	46	6	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	46	7	2017	2017	NUM
ajahs-3965	46	8	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	46	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	46	10	subtracting	subtract	VERB
ajahs-3965	46	11	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	46	12	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ajahs-3965	46	13	simply	simply	ADV
ajahs-3965	46	14	refers	refer	VERB
ajahs-3965	46	15	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	46	16	taking	take	VERB
ajahs-3965	46	17	away	away	ADV
ajahs-3965	46	18	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	46	19	number	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	46	20	or	or	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	46	21	an	an	DET
ajahs-3965	46	22	amount	amount	NOUN
ajahs-3965	46	23	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	46	24	another	another	PRON
ajahs-3965	46	25	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	47	1	simply	simply	ADV
ajahs-3965	47	2	put	put	VERB
ajahs-3965	47	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	47	4	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	47	5	involves	involve	VERB
ajahs-3965	47	6	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	47	7	act	act	NOUN
ajahs-3965	47	8	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	47	9	taking	take	VERB
ajahs-3965	47	10	away	away	ADV
ajahs-3965	47	11	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	47	12	or	or	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	47	13	more	more	ADJ
ajahs-3965	47	14	things	thing	NOUN
ajahs-3965	47	15	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	47	16	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	47	17	other	other	ADJ
ajahs-3965	47	18	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	47	19	decrease	decrease	VERB
ajahs-3965	47	20	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	47	21	size	size	NOUN
ajahs-3965	47	22	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	47	23	number	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	47	24	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	47	25	amount	amount	NOUN
ajahs-3965	47	26	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	47	27	so	so	ADV
ajahs-3965	47	28	on	on	ADV
ajahs-3965	47	29	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	48	1	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	48	2	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	48	3	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	48	4	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	48	5	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	48	6	four	four	NUM
ajahs-3965	48	7	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
ajahs-3965	48	8	operations	operation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	48	9	along	along	ADP
ajahs-3965	48	10	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	48	11	addition	addition	NOUN
ajahs-3965	48	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	48	13	multiplication	multiplication	NOUN
ajahs-3965	48	14	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	48	15	division	division	NOUN
ajahs-3965	48	16	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ajahs-3965	48	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	48	18	symbolizing	symbolize	VERB
ajahs-3965	48	19	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	48	20	process	process	NOUN
ajahs-3965	48	21	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	48	22	removing	remove	VERB
ajahs-3965	48	23	objects	object	NOUN
ajahs-3965	48	24	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	48	25	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	48	26	collection	collection	NOUN
ajahs-3965	48	27	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	48	28	samuel	samuel	PROPN
ajahs-3965	48	29	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	48	30	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	48	31	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	48	32	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	48	33	2020	2020	NUM
ajahs-3965	48	34	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	48	35	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	49	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	49	2	concept	concept	NOUN
ajahs-3965	49	3	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	49	4	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	49	5	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	49	6	often	often	ADV
ajahs-3965	49	7	introduced	introduce	VERB
ajahs-3965	49	8	at	at	ADP
ajahs-3965	49	9	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	49	10	elementary	elementary	ADJ
ajahs-3965	49	11	level	level	NOUN
ajahs-3965	49	12	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	49	13	help	help	VERB
ajahs-3965	49	14	students	student	NOUN
ajahs-3965	49	15	understand	understand	VERB
ajahs-3965	49	16	how	how	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	49	17	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	49	18	determine	determine	VERB
ajahs-3965	49	19	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	49	20	difference	difference	NOUN
ajahs-3965	49	21	between	between	ADP
ajahs-3965	49	22	two	two	NUM
ajahs-3965	49	23	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	49	24	or	or	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	49	25	quantities	quantity	NOUN
ajahs-3965	49	26	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	49	27	fuadi	fuadi	NOUN
ajahs-3965	49	28	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	49	29	2017	2017	NUM
ajahs-3965	49	30	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	49	31	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	50	1	it	it	PRON
ajahs-3965	50	2	represents	represent	VERB
ajahs-3965	50	3	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	50	4	process	process	NOUN
ajahs-3965	50	5	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	50	6	removing	remove	VERB
ajahs-3965	50	7	objects	object	NOUN
ajahs-3965	50	8	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	50	9	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	50	10	collection	collection	NOUN
ajahs-3965	50	11	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	50	12	samuel	samuel	PROPN
ajahs-3965	50	13	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	50	14	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	50	15	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	50	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	50	17	2020	2020	NUM
ajahs-3965	50	18	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	50	19	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	51	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	51	2	result	result	NOUN
ajahs-3965	51	3	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	51	4	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	51	5	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	51	6	operation	operation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	51	7	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	51	8	called	call	VERB
ajahs-3965	51	9	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	51	10	“	"	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	51	11	difference	difference	NOUN
ajahs-3965	51	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	51	13	”	"	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	52	1	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	52	2	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	52	3	not	not	PART
ajahs-3965	52	4	merely	merely	ADV
ajahs-3965	52	5	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	52	6	mechanical	mechanical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	52	7	operation	operation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	52	8	but	but	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	52	9	embodies	embody	VERB
ajahs-3965	52	10	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	52	11	deep	deep	ADJ
ajahs-3965	52	12	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	52	13	principle	principle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	52	14	that	that	PRON
ajahs-3965	52	15	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	52	16	intertwined	intertwine	VERB
ajahs-3965	52	17	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	52	18	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	52	19	concept	concept	NOUN
ajahs-3965	52	20	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	52	21	difference	difference	NOUN
ajahs-3965	52	22	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	52	23	reduction	reduction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	52	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	53	1	it	it	PRON
ajahs-3965	53	2	represents	represent	VERB
ajahs-3965	53	3	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	53	4	inverse	inverse	NOUN
ajahs-3965	53	5	relation	relation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	53	6	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	53	7	addition	addition	VERB
ajahs-3965	53	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	53	9	where	where	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	53	10	understanding	understand	VERB
ajahs-3965	53	11	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	53	12	operation	operation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	53	13	aids	aid	NOUN
ajahs-3965	53	14	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	53	15	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	53	16	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN
ajahs-3965	53	17	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	53	18	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	53	19	other	other	ADJ
ajahs-3965	53	20	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	53	21	samuel	samuel	PROPN
ajahs-3965	53	22	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	53	23	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	53	24	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	53	25	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	53	26	2020	2020	NUM
ajahs-3965	53	27	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	53	28	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	54	1	according	accord	VERB
ajahs-3965	54	2	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	54	3	benjamin	benjamin	PROPN
ajahs-3965	54	4	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	54	5	2022	2022	NUM
ajahs-3965	54	6	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	54	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	54	8	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	54	9	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	54	10	symbolized	symbolize	VERB
ajahs-3965	54	11	by	by	ADP
ajahs-3965	54	12	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	54	13	minus	minus	NOUN
ajahs-3965	54	14	sign	sign	NOUN
ajahs-3965	54	15	“	"	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	54	16	−	−	PROPN
ajahs-3965	54	17	”	"	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	54	18	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	55	1	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	55	2	example	example	NOUN
ajahs-3965	55	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	55	4	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	55	5	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	55	6	expression	expression	NOUN
ajahs-3965	55	7	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	55	8	–	–	SYM
ajahs-3965	55	9	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	55	10	=	=	SYM
ajahs-3965	55	11	3	3	NUM
ajahs-3965	55	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	55	13	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	55	14	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	55	15	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	55	16	minuend	minuend	NOUN
ajahs-3965	55	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	55	18	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	55	19	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	55	20	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	55	21	subtrahend	subtrahend	NOUN
ajahs-3965	55	22	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	55	23	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	55	24	3	3	NUM
ajahs-3965	55	25	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	55	26	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	55	27	difference	difference	NOUN
ajahs-3965	55	28	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	55	29	benjamin	benjamin	NOUN
ajahs-3965	55	30	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	55	31	2022	2022	NUM
ajahs-3965	55	32	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	55	33	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	56	1	this	this	PRON
ajahs-3965	56	2	can	can	AUX
ajahs-3965	56	3	be	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	56	4	interpreted	interpret	VERB
ajahs-3965	56	5	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	56	6	having	have	VERB
ajahs-3965	56	7	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	56	8	group	group	NOUN
ajahs-3965	56	9	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	56	10	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	56	11	objects	object	NOUN
ajahs-3965	56	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	56	13	removing	remove	VERB
ajahs-3965	56	14	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	56	15	objects	object	NOUN
ajahs-3965	56	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	56	17	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	56	18	then	then	ADV
ajahs-3965	56	19	having	have	VERB
ajahs-3965	56	20	3	3	NUM
ajahs-3965	56	21	objects	object	NOUN
ajahs-3965	56	22	left	leave	VERB
ajahs-3965	56	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	57	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	57	2	literature	literature	NOUN
ajahs-3965	57	3	provides	provide	VERB
ajahs-3965	57	4	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	57	5	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
ajahs-3965	57	6	overview	overview	NOUN
ajahs-3965	57	7	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	57	8	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	57	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	57	10	portraying	portray	VERB
ajahs-3965	57	11	it	it	PRON
ajahs-3965	57	12	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	57	13	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	57	14	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
ajahs-3965	57	15	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	57	16	operation	operation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	57	17	alongside	alongside	ADP
ajahs-3965	57	18	addition	addition	NOUN
ajahs-3965	57	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	57	20	multiplication	multiplication	NOUN
ajahs-3965	57	21	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	57	22	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	57	23	division	division	NOUN
ajahs-3965	57	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	58	1	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	58	2	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	58	3	described	describe	VERB
ajahs-3965	58	4	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	58	5	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	58	6	process	process	NOUN
ajahs-3965	58	7	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	58	8	taking	take	VERB
ajahs-3965	58	9	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	58	10	number	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	58	11	or	or	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	58	12	amount	amount	NOUN
ajahs-3965	58	13	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	58	14	another	another	PRON
ajahs-3965	58	15	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	58	16	decrease	decrease	VERB
ajahs-3965	58	17	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	58	18	size	size	NOUN
ajahs-3965	58	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	58	20	number	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	58	21	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	58	22	or	or	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	58	23	amount	amount	NOUN
ajahs-3965	58	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	59	1	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	59	2	operation	operation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	59	3	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	59	4	crucial	crucial	ADJ
ajahs-3965	59	5	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	59	6	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ajahs-3965	59	7	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	59	8	determining	determine	VERB
ajahs-3965	59	9	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	59	10	difference	difference	NOUN
ajahs-3965	59	11	between	between	ADP
ajahs-3965	59	12	two	two	NUM
ajahs-3965	59	13	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	59	14	or	or	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	59	15	quantities	quantity	NOUN
ajahs-3965	59	16	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	60	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	60	2	literature	literature	NOUN
ajahs-3965	60	3	further	further	ADJ
ajahs-3965	60	4	highlights	highlight	NOUN
ajahs-3965	60	5	that	that	PRON
ajahs-3965	60	6	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	60	7	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	60	8	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	60	9	inverse	inverse	NOUN
ajahs-3965	60	10	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	60	11	addition	addition	NOUN
ajahs-3965	60	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	60	13	suggesting	suggest	VERB
ajahs-3965	60	14	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	60	15	mastery	mastery	NOUN
ajahs-3965	60	16	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	60	17	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	60	18	operation	operation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	60	19	can	can	AUX
ajahs-3965	60	20	enhance	enhance	VERB
ajahs-3965	60	21	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	60	22	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	60	23	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	60	24	other	other	ADJ
ajahs-3965	60	25	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	61	1	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	61	2	relationship	relationship	NOUN
ajahs-3965	61	3	underscores	underscore	VERB
ajahs-3965	61	4	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	61	5	interconnectivity	interconnectivity	NOUN
ajahs-3965	61	6	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	61	7	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	61	8	operations	operation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	61	9	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	61	10	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	61	11	foundational	foundational	ADJ
ajahs-3965	61	12	role	role	NOUN
ajahs-3965	61	13	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	61	14	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	61	15	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	61	16	developing	develop	VERB
ajahs-3965	61	17	numerical	numerical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	61	18	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ajahs-3965	61	19	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	62	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	62	2	concept	concept	NOUN
ajahs-3965	62	3	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	62	4	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	62	5	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	62	6	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	62	7	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	62	8	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	62	9	foundational	foundational	ADJ
ajahs-3965	62	10	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	62	11	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ajahs-3965	62	12	education	education	NOUN
ajahs-3965	62	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	62	14	serving	serve	VERB
ajahs-3965	62	15	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	62	16	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	62	17	building	building	NOUN
ajahs-3965	62	18	blocks	block	NOUN
ajahs-3965	62	19	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	62	20	understanding	understand	VERB
ajahs-3965	62	21	larger	large	ADJ
ajahs-3965	62	22	numerical	numerical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	62	23	values	value	NOUN
ajahs-3965	62	24	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	62	25	operations	operation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	62	26	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	62	27	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	62	28	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	62	29	principles	principle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	62	30	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	62	31	fauzi	fauzi	NOUN
ajahs-3965	62	32	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	62	33	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	62	34	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	62	35	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	62	36	2021	2021	NUM
ajahs-3965	62	37	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	62	38	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	63	1	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	63	2	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	63	3	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	63	4	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	63	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	63	6	ranging	range	VERB
ajahs-3965	63	7	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	63	8	0	0	NUM
ajahs-3965	63	9	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	63	10	9	9	NUM
ajahs-3965	63	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	63	12	are	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	63	13	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	63	14	simplest	simple	ADJ
ajahs-3965	63	15	forms	form	NOUN
ajahs-3965	63	16	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	63	17	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	63	18	but	but	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	63	19	play	play	VERB
ajahs-3965	63	20	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	63	21	crucial	crucial	ADJ
ajahs-3965	63	22	role	role	NOUN
ajahs-3965	63	23	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	63	24	developing	develop	VERB
ajahs-3965	63	25	numeracy	numeracy	NOUN
ajahs-3965	63	26	skills	skill	NOUN
ajahs-3965	63	27	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	63	28	early	early	ADJ
ajahs-3965	63	29	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	63	30	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	64	1	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ajahs-3965	64	2	education	education	NOUN
ajahs-3965	64	3	focuses	focus	VERB
ajahs-3965	64	4	on	on	ADP
ajahs-3965	64	5	enabling	enable	VERB
ajahs-3965	64	6	students	student	NOUN
ajahs-3965	64	7	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	64	8	grasp	grasp	VERB
ajahs-3965	64	9	these	these	DET
ajahs-3965	64	10	basic	basic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	64	11	numerical	numerical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	64	12	concepts	concept	NOUN
ajahs-3965	64	13	through	through	ADP
ajahs-3965	64	14	engaging	engage	VERB
ajahs-3965	64	15	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	64	16	interactive	interactive	ADJ
ajahs-3965	64	17	methods	method	NOUN
ajahs-3965	64	18	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	64	19	thereby	thereby	ADV
ajahs-3965	64	20	setting	set	VERB
ajahs-3965	64	21	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	64	22	groundwork	groundwork	NOUN
ajahs-3965	64	23	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	64	24	more	more	ADJ
ajahs-3965	64	25	complex	complex	ADJ
ajahs-3965	64	26	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	64	27	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
ajahs-3965	64	28	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	64	29	problem	problem	NOUN
ajahs-3965	64	30	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	64	31	solving	solve	VERB
ajahs-3965	64	32	skills	skill	NOUN
ajahs-3965	64	33	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	64	34	ministry	ministry	NOUN
ajahs-3965	64	35	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	64	36	education	education	PROPN
ajahs-3965	64	37	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	64	38	2019	2019	NUM
ajahs-3965	64	39	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	64	40	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	65	1	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	65	2	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	65	3	field	field	NOUN
ajahs-3965	65	4	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	65	5	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ajahs-3965	65	6	education	education	NOUN
ajahs-3965	65	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	65	8	various	various	ADJ
ajahs-3965	65	9	approaches	approach	NOUN
ajahs-3965	65	10	have	have	AUX
ajahs-3965	65	11	been	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	65	12	utilized	utilize	VERB
ajahs-3965	65	13	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	65	14	enhance	enhance	VERB
ajahs-3965	65	15	students	student	NOUN
ajahs-3965	65	16	’	’	PART
ajahs-3965	65	17	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	65	18	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	65	19	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	65	20	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	65	21	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	65	22	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	65	23	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	65	24	basic	basic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	65	25	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	65	26	operations	operation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	65	27	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	66	1	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	66	2	pa	pa	PROPN
ajahs-3965	66	3	ge	ge	PROPN
ajahs-3965	66	4	17	17	NUM
ajahs-3965	66	5	https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajahs	https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajah	NOUN
ajahs-3965	66	6	am	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	66	7	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	67	1	j.	j.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	67	2	arts	arts	PROPN
ajahs-3965	67	3	hum	hum	PROPN
ajahs-3965	67	4	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	68	1	sci	sci	PROPN
ajahs-3965	68	2	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	68	3	4(1	4(1	NOUN
ajahs-3965	68	4	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	68	5	15	15	NUM
ajahs-3965	68	6	-	-	SYM
ajahs-3965	68	7	24	24	NUM
ajahs-3965	68	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	68	9	2025	2025	NUM
ajahs-3965	68	10	instance	instance	NOUN
ajahs-3965	68	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	68	12	fauzi	fauzi	PROPN
ajahs-3965	68	13	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	68	14	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	68	15	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	68	16	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	68	17	2021	2021	NUM
ajahs-3965	68	18	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	68	19	explored	explore	VERB
ajahs-3965	68	20	learning	learning	NOUN
ajahs-3965	68	21	designs	design	NOUN
ajahs-3965	68	22	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	68	23	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	68	24	addition	addition	NOUN
ajahs-3965	68	25	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	68	26	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	68	27	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	68	28	two	two	NUM
ajahs-3965	68	29	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	68	30	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	68	31	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	68	32	based	base	VERB
ajahs-3965	68	33	on	on	ADP
ajahs-3965	68	34	realistic	realistic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	68	35	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ajahs-3965	68	36	education	education	NOUN
ajahs-3965	68	37	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	68	38	rme	rme	NOUN
ajahs-3965	68	39	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	68	40	principles	principle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	68	41	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	68	42	utilizing	utilize	VERB
ajahs-3965	68	43	games	game	NOUN
ajahs-3965	68	44	like	like	ADP
ajahs-3965	68	45	snakes	snake	NOUN
ajahs-3965	68	46	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	68	47	ladders	ladder	NOUN
ajahs-3965	68	48	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	68	49	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
ajahs-3965	68	50	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	68	51	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	69	1	although	although	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	69	2	their	their	PRON
ajahs-3965	69	3	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	69	4	primarily	primarily	ADV
ajahs-3965	69	5	focused	focus	VERB
ajahs-3965	69	6	on	on	ADP
ajahs-3965	69	7	two	two	NUM
ajahs-3965	69	8	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	69	9	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	69	10	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	69	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	69	12	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	69	13	foundational	foundational	ADJ
ajahs-3965	69	14	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	69	15	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	69	16	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	69	17	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	69	18	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	69	19	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	69	20	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	69	21	implicit	implicit	ADJ
ajahs-3965	69	22	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	69	23	grasping	grasp	VERB
ajahs-3965	69	24	these	these	DET
ajahs-3965	69	25	concepts	concept	NOUN
ajahs-3965	69	26	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	70	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	70	2	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	70	3	showed	show	VERB
ajahs-3965	70	4	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	70	5	employing	employ	VERB
ajahs-3965	70	6	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	70	7	rme	rme	PROPN
ajahs-3965	70	8	approach	approach	NOUN
ajahs-3965	70	9	significantly	significantly	ADV
ajahs-3965	70	10	improved	improve	VERB
ajahs-3965	70	11	students	student	NOUN
ajahs-3965	70	12	’	’	PART
ajahs-3965	70	13	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	70	14	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	70	15	addition	addition	NOUN
ajahs-3965	70	16	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	70	17	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	70	18	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	70	19	indicating	indicate	VERB
ajahs-3965	70	20	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	70	21	importance	importance	NOUN
ajahs-3965	70	22	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	70	23	interactive	interactive	ADJ
ajahs-3965	70	24	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	70	25	context	context	NOUN
ajahs-3965	70	26	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	70	27	based	base	VERB
ajahs-3965	70	28	learning	learning	NOUN
ajahs-3965	70	29	methods	method	NOUN
ajahs-3965	70	30	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	70	31	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN
ajahs-3965	70	32	education	education	NOUN
ajahs-3965	70	33	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	70	34	fauzi	fauzi	PROPN
ajahs-3965	70	35	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	70	36	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	70	37	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	70	38	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	70	39	2021	2021	NUM
ajahs-3965	70	40	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	70	41	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	71	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
ajahs-3965	71	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	71	3	research	research	NOUN
ajahs-3965	71	4	by	by	ADP
ajahs-3965	71	5	astuti	astuti	PROPN
ajahs-3965	71	6	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	71	7	2014	2014	NUM
ajahs-3965	71	8	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	71	9	on	on	ADP
ajahs-3965	71	10	learning	learn	VERB
ajahs-3965	71	11	onedigit	onedigit	ADJ
ajahs-3965	71	12	decimal	decimal	ADJ
ajahs-3965	71	13	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	71	14	through	through	ADP
ajahs-3965	71	15	measurement	measurement	NOUN
ajahs-3965	71	16	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	71	17	game	game	NOUN
ajahs-3965	71	18	predicting	predict	VERB
ajahs-3965	71	19	length	length	NOUN
ajahs-3965	71	20	highlighted	highlight	VERB
ajahs-3965	71	21	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	71	22	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ajahs-3965	71	23	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	71	24	realistic	realistic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	71	25	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ajahs-3965	71	26	education	education	NOUN
ajahs-3965	71	27	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	71	28	rme	rme	PROPN
ajahs-3965	71	29	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	71	30	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	71	31	promoting	promote	VERB
ajahs-3965	71	32	students	student	NOUN
ajahs-3965	71	33	’	’	PART
ajahs-3965	71	34	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	71	35	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	71	36	decimals	decimal	NOUN
ajahs-3965	71	37	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	72	1	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	72	2	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	72	3	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
ajahs-3965	72	4	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	72	5	importance	importance	NOUN
ajahs-3965	72	6	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	72	7	hands	hand	NOUN
ajahs-3965	72	8	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	72	9	on	on	ADP
ajahs-3965	72	10	learning	learn	VERB
ajahs-3965	72	11	experiences	experience	NOUN
ajahs-3965	72	12	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	72	13	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	72	14	use	use	NOUN
ajahs-3965	72	15	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	72	16	real	real	ADJ
ajahs-3965	72	17	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	72	18	world	world	NOUN
ajahs-3965	72	19	contexts	context	NOUN
ajahs-3965	72	20	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	72	21	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
ajahs-3965	72	22	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	72	23	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN
ajahs-3965	72	24	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	72	25	numerical	numerical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	72	26	concepts	concept	NOUN
ajahs-3965	72	27	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	72	28	including	include	VERB
ajahs-3965	72	29	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	72	30	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	72	31	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	72	32	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	72	33	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	72	34	astuti	astuti	ADJ
ajahs-3965	72	35	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	72	36	2014	2014	NUM
ajahs-3965	72	37	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	72	38	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	73	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	73	2	concept	concept	NOUN
ajahs-3965	73	3	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	73	4	using	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	73	5	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	73	6	“	"	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	73	7	bundle	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	73	8	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	73	9	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	73	10	”	"	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	73	11	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	73	12	teaching	teach	VERB
ajahs-3965	73	13	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	73	14	has	have	VERB
ajahs-3965	73	15	its	its	PRON
ajahs-3965	73	16	roots	root	NOUN
ajahs-3965	73	17	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	73	18	practical	practical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	73	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	73	20	hands	hand	NOUN
ajahs-3965	73	21	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	73	22	on	on	ADP
ajahs-3965	73	23	learning	learn	VERB
ajahs-3965	73	24	methods	method	NOUN
ajahs-3965	73	25	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	74	1	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	74	2	approach	approach	NOUN
ajahs-3965	74	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	74	4	often	often	ADV
ajahs-3965	74	5	applied	apply	VERB
ajahs-3965	74	6	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	74	7	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	74	8	context	context	NOUN
ajahs-3965	74	9	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	74	10	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ajahs-3965	74	11	education	education	NOUN
ajahs-3965	74	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	74	13	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
ajahs-3965	74	14	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	74	15	tangible	tangible	ADJ
ajahs-3965	74	16	representation	representation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	74	17	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	74	18	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	74	19	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	74	20	operations	operation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	74	21	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	74	22	making	make	VERB
ajahs-3965	74	23	abstract	abstract	ADJ
ajahs-3965	74	24	concepts	concept	NOUN
ajahs-3965	74	25	more	more	ADV
ajahs-3965	74	26	accessible	accessible	ADJ
ajahs-3965	74	27	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	74	28	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	74	29	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	74	30	fauzi	fauzi	NOUN
ajahs-3965	74	31	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	74	32	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	74	33	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	74	34	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	74	35	2021	2021	NUM
ajahs-3965	74	36	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	74	37	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	75	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	75	2	“	"	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	75	3	bundle	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	75	4	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	75	5	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	75	6	”	"	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	75	7	method	method	NOUN
ajahs-3965	75	8	can	can	AUX
ajahs-3965	75	9	be	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	75	10	traced	trace	VERB
ajahs-3965	75	11	back	back	ADV
ajahs-3965	75	12	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	75	13	ancient	ancient	ADJ
ajahs-3965	75	14	counting	counting	NOUN
ajahs-3965	75	15	tools	tool	NOUN
ajahs-3965	75	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	75	17	where	where	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	75	18	physical	physical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	75	19	objects	object	NOUN
ajahs-3965	75	20	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	75	21	grouped	group	VERB
ajahs-3965	75	22	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	75	23	represent	represent	VERB
ajahs-3965	75	24	quantities	quantity	NOUN
ajahs-3965	75	25	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	75	26	kwakye	kwakye	VERB
ajahs-3965	75	27	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	75	28	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	75	29	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	75	30	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	75	31	2020	2020	NUM
ajahs-3965	75	32	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	75	33	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	76	1	kwakye	kwakye	VERB
ajahs-3965	76	2	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	76	3	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	76	4	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	76	5	added	add	VERB
ajahs-3965	76	6	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	76	7	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	76	8	modern	modern	ADJ
ajahs-3965	76	9	educational	educational	ADJ
ajahs-3965	76	10	settings	setting	NOUN
ajahs-3965	76	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	76	12	it	it	PRON
ajahs-3965	76	13	serves	serve	VERB
ajahs-3965	76	14	not	not	PART
ajahs-3965	76	15	only	only	ADV
ajahs-3965	76	16	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	76	17	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	76	18	method	method	NOUN
ajahs-3965	76	19	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	76	20	teaching	teach	VERB
ajahs-3965	76	21	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	76	22	but	but	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	76	23	also	also	ADV
ajahs-3965	76	24	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	76	25	reinforcing	reinforce	VERB
ajahs-3965	76	26	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	76	27	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	76	28	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	76	29	place	place	NOUN
ajahs-3965	76	30	value	value	NOUN
ajahs-3965	76	31	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	76	32	counting	counting	NOUN
ajahs-3965	76	33	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	76	34	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	76	35	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	76	36	principles	principle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	76	37	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	76	38	borrowing	borrowing	NOUN
ajahs-3965	76	39	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	76	40	regrouping	regrouping	NOUN
ajahs-3965	76	41	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	77	1	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	77	2	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	77	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	77	4	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	77	5	bundle	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	77	6	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	77	7	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	77	8	helps	help	VERB
ajahs-3965	77	9	students	student	NOUN
ajahs-3965	77	10	visualize	visualize	VERB
ajahs-3965	77	11	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	77	12	process	process	NOUN
ajahs-3965	77	13	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	77	14	taking	take	VERB
ajahs-3965	77	15	away	away	ADP
ajahs-3965	77	16	quantities	quantity	NOUN
ajahs-3965	77	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	78	1	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	78	2	instance	instance	NOUN
ajahs-3965	78	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	78	4	when	when	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	78	5	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	78	6	student	student	NOUN
ajahs-3965	78	7	needs	need	VERB
ajahs-3965	78	8	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	78	9	subtract	subtract	VERB
ajahs-3965	78	10	15	15	NUM
ajahs-3965	78	11	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	78	12	23	23	NUM
ajahs-3965	78	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	78	14	they	they	PRON
ajahs-3965	78	15	can	can	AUX
ajahs-3965	78	16	start	start	VERB
ajahs-3965	78	17	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	78	18	23	23	NUM
ajahs-3965	78	19	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	78	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	78	21	bundled	bundle	VERB
ajahs-3965	78	22	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	78	23	groups	group	NOUN
ajahs-3965	78	24	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	78	25	10	10	NUM
ajahs-3965	78	26	where	where	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	78	27	possible	possible	ADJ
ajahs-3965	78	28	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	78	29	jones	jones	PROPN
ajahs-3965	78	30	&	&	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	78	31	tiller	tiller	PROPN
ajahs-3965	78	32	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	78	33	2017	2017	NUM
ajahs-3965	78	34	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	78	35	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	79	1	by	by	ADP
ajahs-3965	79	2	physically	physically	ADV
ajahs-3965	79	3	removing	remove	VERB
ajahs-3965	79	4	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	79	5	required	require	VERB
ajahs-3965	79	6	number	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	79	7	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	79	8	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	79	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	79	10	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	79	11	student	student	NOUN
ajahs-3965	79	12	can	can	AUX
ajahs-3965	79	13	see	see	VERB
ajahs-3965	79	14	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	79	15	result	result	NOUN
ajahs-3965	79	16	directly	directly	ADV
ajahs-3965	79	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	79	18	which	which	PRON
ajahs-3965	79	19	aids	aid	VERB
ajahs-3965	79	20	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	79	21	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN
ajahs-3965	79	22	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	79	23	retention	retention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	79	24	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	79	25	jones	jones	PROPN
ajahs-3965	79	26	&	&	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	79	27	tiller	tiller	PROPN
ajahs-3965	79	28	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	79	29	2017	2017	NUM
ajahs-3965	79	30	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	79	31	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	80	1	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	80	2	method	method	NOUN
ajahs-3965	80	3	aligns	align	VERB
ajahs-3965	80	4	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	80	5	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	80	6	principles	principle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	80	7	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	80	8	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajahs-3965	80	9	manipulatives	manipulative	NOUN
ajahs-3965	80	10	advocated	advocate	VERB
ajahs-3965	80	11	by	by	ADP
ajahs-3965	80	12	educators	educator	NOUN
ajahs-3965	80	13	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	80	14	researchers	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	80	15	who	who	PRON
ajahs-3965	80	16	emphasize	emphasize	VERB
ajahs-3965	80	17	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	80	18	importance	importance	NOUN
ajahs-3965	80	19	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	80	20	sensory	sensory	ADJ
ajahs-3965	80	21	experiences	experience	NOUN
ajahs-3965	80	22	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	80	23	learning	learn	VERB
ajahs-3965	80	24	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ajahs-3965	80	25	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	81	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
ajahs-3965	81	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	81	3	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	81	4	use	use	NOUN
ajahs-3965	81	5	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	81	6	tangible	tangible	ADJ
ajahs-3965	81	7	objects	object	NOUN
ajahs-3965	81	8	like	like	ADP
ajahs-3965	81	9	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	81	10	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	81	11	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	81	12	aligns	align	VERB
ajahs-3965	81	13	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	81	14	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	81	15	constructivist	constructivist	ADJ
ajahs-3965	81	16	approach	approach	NOUN
ajahs-3965	81	17	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	81	18	education	education	NOUN
ajahs-3965	81	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	81	20	which	which	PRON
ajahs-3965	81	21	posits	posit	VERB
ajahs-3965	81	22	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	81	23	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	81	24	build	build	VERB
ajahs-3965	81	25	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	81	26	through	through	ADP
ajahs-3965	81	27	experiences	experience	NOUN
ajahs-3965	81	28	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	81	29	salman	salman	PROPN
ajahs-3965	81	30	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	81	31	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	81	32	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	81	33	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	81	34	2019	2019	NUM
ajahs-3965	81	35	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	81	36	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	82	1	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	82	2	method	method	NOUN
ajahs-3965	82	3	provides	provide	VERB
ajahs-3965	82	4	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	82	5	bridge	bridge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	82	6	between	between	ADP
ajahs-3965	82	7	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	82	8	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajahs-3965	82	9	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	82	10	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	82	11	abstract	abstract	ADJ
ajahs-3965	82	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	82	13	allowing	allow	VERB
ajahs-3965	82	14	students	student	NOUN
ajahs-3965	82	15	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	82	16	transition	transition	VERB
ajahs-3965	82	17	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	82	18	performing	perform	VERB
ajahs-3965	82	19	operations	operation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	82	20	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	82	21	physical	physical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	82	22	objects	object	NOUN
ajahs-3965	82	23	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	82	24	visualizing	visualize	VERB
ajahs-3965	82	25	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	82	26	solving	solve	VERB
ajahs-3965	82	27	problems	problem	NOUN
ajahs-3965	82	28	mentally	mentally	ADV
ajahs-3965	82	29	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	83	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	83	2	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ajahs-3965	83	3	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	83	4	such	such	ADJ
ajahs-3965	83	5	methods	method	NOUN
ajahs-3965	83	6	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	83	7	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN
ajahs-3965	83	8	education	education	NOUN
ajahs-3965	83	9	has	have	AUX
ajahs-3965	83	10	been	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	83	11	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	83	12	subject	subject	NOUN
ajahs-3965	83	13	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	83	14	various	various	ADJ
ajahs-3965	83	15	studies	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	83	16	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	84	1	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	84	2	instance	instance	NOUN
ajahs-3965	84	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	84	4	research	research	NOUN
ajahs-3965	84	5	has	have	AUX
ajahs-3965	84	6	highlighted	highlight	VERB
ajahs-3965	84	7	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	84	8	role	role	NOUN
ajahs-3965	84	9	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	84	10	tangible	tangible	ADJ
ajahs-3965	84	11	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	84	12	interactive	interactive	ADJ
ajahs-3965	84	13	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ajahs-3965	84	14	aids	aid	NOUN
ajahs-3965	84	15	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	84	16	improving	improve	VERB
ajahs-3965	84	17	students	student	NOUN
ajahs-3965	84	18	’	’	PART
ajahs-3965	84	19	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	84	20	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	84	21	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	84	22	concepts	concept	NOUN
ajahs-3965	84	23	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	84	24	salman	salman	PROPN
ajahs-3965	84	25	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	84	26	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	84	27	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	84	28	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	84	29	2019	2019	NUM
ajahs-3965	84	30	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	84	31	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	85	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
ajahs-3965	85	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	85	3	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
ajahs-3965	85	4	like	like	ADP
ajahs-3965	85	5	radarmath	radarmath	NOUN
ajahs-3965	85	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	85	7	an	an	DET
ajahs-3965	85	8	intelligent	intelligent	ADJ
ajahs-3965	85	9	tutoring	tutoring	NOUN
ajahs-3965	85	10	system	system	NOUN
ajahs-3965	85	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	85	12	have	have	AUX
ajahs-3965	85	13	explored	explore	VERB
ajahs-3965	85	14	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	85	15	integration	integration	NOUN
ajahs-3965	85	16	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	85	17	technology	technology	NOUN
ajahs-3965	85	18	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	85	19	interactive	interactive	ADJ
ajahs-3965	85	20	tools	tool	NOUN
ajahs-3965	85	21	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	85	22	math	math	NOUN
ajahs-3965	85	23	education	education	NOUN
ajahs-3965	85	24	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	85	25	demonstrating	demonstrate	VERB
ajahs-3965	85	26	potential	potential	ADJ
ajahs-3965	85	27	benefits	benefit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	85	28	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	85	29	personalized	personalized	ADJ
ajahs-3965	85	30	learning	learn	VERB
ajahs-3965	85	31	environments	environment	NOUN
ajahs-3965	85	32	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	85	33	lu	lu	NOUN
ajahs-3965	85	34	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	85	35	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	85	36	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	85	37	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	85	38	2021	2021	NUM
ajahs-3965	85	39	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	85	40	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	86	1	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	86	2	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	86	3	literature	literature	NOUN
ajahs-3965	86	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	86	5	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	86	6	“	"	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	86	7	bundle	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	86	8	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	86	9	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	86	10	”	"	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	86	11	method	method	NOUN
ajahs-3965	86	12	offers	offer	VERB
ajahs-3965	86	13	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	86	14	compelling	compelling	ADJ
ajahs-3965	86	15	example	example	NOUN
ajahs-3965	86	16	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	86	17	how	how	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	86	18	traditional	traditional	ADJ
ajahs-3965	86	19	tools	tool	NOUN
ajahs-3965	86	20	can	can	AUX
ajahs-3965	86	21	support	support	VERB
ajahs-3965	86	22	learning	learn	VERB
ajahs-3965	86	23	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	86	24	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
ajahs-3965	86	25	educational	educational	ADJ
ajahs-3965	86	26	settings	setting	NOUN
ajahs-3965	86	27	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	87	1	it	it	PRON
ajahs-3965	87	2	not	not	PART
ajahs-3965	87	3	only	only	ADV
ajahs-3965	87	4	facilitates	facilitate	VERB
ajahs-3965	87	5	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	87	6	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ajahs-3965	87	7	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	87	8	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	87	9	but	but	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	87	10	also	also	ADV
ajahs-3965	87	11	enriches	enrich	VERB
ajahs-3965	87	12	students	student	NOUN
ajahs-3965	87	13	’	'	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	87	14	overall	overall	ADJ
ajahs-3965	87	15	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	87	16	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	87	17	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	87	18	concepts	concept	NOUN
ajahs-3965	87	19	through	through	ADP
ajahs-3965	87	20	hands	hand	NOUN
ajahs-3965	87	21	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	87	22	on	on	ADP
ajahs-3965	87	23	learning	learn	VERB
ajahs-3965	87	24	experiences	experience	NOUN
ajahs-3965	87	25	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	88	1	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	88	2	encounter	encounter	VERB
ajahs-3965	88	3	several	several	ADJ
ajahs-3965	88	4	learning	learning	NOUN
ajahs-3965	88	5	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
ajahs-3965	88	6	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	88	7	using	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	88	8	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	88	9	operations	operation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	88	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	88	11	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	88	12	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
ajahs-3965	88	13	aspect	aspect	NOUN
ajahs-3965	88	14	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	88	15	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ajahs-3965	88	16	education	education	NOUN
ajahs-3965	88	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	89	1	according	accord	VERB
ajahs-3965	89	2	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	89	3	salman	salman	PROPN
ajahs-3965	89	4	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	89	5	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	89	6	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	90	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	90	2	2019	2019	NUM
ajahs-3965	90	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	90	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	90	5	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	90	6	significant	significant	ADJ
ajahs-3965	90	7	challenge	challenge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	90	8	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	90	9	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	90	10	transition	transition	NOUN
ajahs-3965	90	11	between	between	ADP
ajahs-3965	90	12	different	different	ADJ
ajahs-3965	90	13	representations	representation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	90	14	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	90	15	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	90	16	problems	problem	NOUN
ajahs-3965	90	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	91	1	kara	kara	PROPN
ajahs-3965	91	2	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	91	3	incikabi	incikabi	NOUN
ajahs-3965	91	4	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	91	5	2018	2018	NUM
ajahs-3965	91	6	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	91	7	found	find	VERB
ajahs-3965	91	8	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	91	9	students	student	NOUN
ajahs-3965	91	10	performed	perform	VERB
ajahs-3965	91	11	better	well	ADV
ajahs-3965	91	12	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	91	13	addition	addition	NOUN
ajahs-3965	91	14	operations	operation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	91	15	than	than	ADP
ajahs-3965	91	16	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	91	17	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	91	18	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	91	19	indicating	indicate	VERB
ajahs-3965	91	20	specific	specific	ADJ
ajahs-3965	91	21	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	91	22	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	91	23	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	91	24	that	that	PRON
ajahs-3965	91	25	merit	merit	VERB
ajahs-3965	91	26	further	further	ADJ
ajahs-3965	91	27	investigation	investigation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	91	28	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	92	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
ajahs-3965	92	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	92	3	operational	operational	ADJ
ajahs-3965	92	4	learning	learning	NOUN
ajahs-3965	92	5	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	92	6	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	92	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	92	8	particularly	particularly	ADV
ajahs-3965	92	9	at	at	ADP
ajahs-3965	92	10	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	92	11	elementary	elementary	ADJ
ajahs-3965	92	12	level	level	NOUN
ajahs-3965	92	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	92	14	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	92	15	hampered	hamper	VERB
ajahs-3965	92	16	by	by	ADP
ajahs-3965	92	17	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	92	18	use	use	NOUN
ajahs-3965	92	19	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	92	20	borrowing	borrowing	NOUN
ajahs-3965	92	21	techniques	technique	NOUN
ajahs-3965	92	22	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	92	23	kwakye	kwakye	NOUN
ajahs-3965	92	24	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	92	25	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	92	26	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	92	27	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	92	28	2020	2020	NUM
ajahs-3965	92	29	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	92	30	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	93	1	parwines	parwine	NOUN
ajahs-3965	93	2	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	93	3	noornia	noornia	NOUN
ajahs-3965	93	4	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	93	5	2019	2019	NUM
ajahs-3965	93	6	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	93	7	highlighted	highlight	VERB
ajahs-3965	93	8	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	93	9	many	many	ADJ
ajahs-3965	93	10	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	93	11	apply	apply	VERB
ajahs-3965	93	12	these	these	DET
ajahs-3965	93	13	techniques	technique	NOUN
ajahs-3965	93	14	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	93	15	ways	way	NOUN
ajahs-3965	93	16	that	that	PRON
ajahs-3965	93	17	are	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	93	18	too	too	ADV
ajahs-3965	93	19	abstract	abstract	ADJ
ajahs-3965	93	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	93	21	failing	fail	VERB
ajahs-3965	93	22	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	93	23	offer	offer	VERB
ajahs-3965	93	24	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	93	25	contextual	contextual	ADJ
ajahs-3965	93	26	strategy	strategy	NOUN
ajahs-3965	93	27	that	that	PRON
ajahs-3965	93	28	students	student	NOUN
ajahs-3965	93	29	can	can	AUX
ajahs-3965	93	30	grasp	grasp	VERB
ajahs-3965	93	31	easily	easily	ADV
ajahs-3965	93	32	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	94	1	another	another	DET
ajahs-3965	94	2	aspect	aspect	NOUN
ajahs-3965	94	3	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	94	4	learning	learn	VERB
ajahs-3965	94	5	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
ajahs-3965	94	6	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	94	7	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	94	8	operations	operation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	94	9	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	94	10	related	relate	VERB
ajahs-3965	94	11	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	94	12	technological	technological	ADJ
ajahs-3965	94	13	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	94	14	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	94	15	kullberg	kullberg	PROPN
ajahs-3965	94	16	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	94	17	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	94	18	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	94	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	94	20	2019	2019	NUM
ajahs-3965	94	21	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	94	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	95	1	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	95	2	instance	instance	NOUN
ajahs-3965	95	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	95	4	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	95	5	use	use	NOUN
ajahs-3965	95	6	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	95	7	augmented	augment	VERB
ajahs-3965	95	8	reality	reality	NOUN
ajahs-3965	95	9	technology	technology	NOUN
ajahs-3965	95	10	has	have	AUX
ajahs-3965	95	11	been	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	95	12	explored	explore	VERB
ajahs-3965	95	13	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	95	14	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	95	15	means	means	NOUN
ajahs-3965	95	16	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	95	17	support	support	VERB
ajahs-3965	95	18	students	student	NOUN
ajahs-3965	95	19	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	95	20	specific	specific	ADJ
ajahs-3965	95	21	learning	learning	NOUN
ajahs-3965	95	22	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
ajahs-3965	95	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	95	24	showing	show	VERB
ajahs-3965	95	25	promise	promise	NOUN
ajahs-3965	95	26	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	95	27	making	make	VERB
ajahs-3965	95	28	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	95	29	learning	learning	NOUN
ajahs-3965	95	30	process	process	NOUN
ajahs-3965	95	31	more	more	ADV
ajahs-3965	95	32	engaging	engaging	ADJ
ajahs-3965	95	33	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	95	34	effective	effective	ADJ
ajahs-3965	95	35	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	95	36	turan	turan	PROPN
ajahs-3965	95	37	&	&	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	95	38	atila	atila	PROPN
ajahs-3965	95	39	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	95	40	2021	2021	NUM
ajahs-3965	95	41	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	95	42	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	96	1	these	these	DET
ajahs-3965	96	2	findings	finding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	96	3	underscore	underscore	VERB
ajahs-3965	96	4	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	96	5	complexity	complexity	NOUN
ajahs-3965	96	6	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	96	7	learning	learn	VERB
ajahs-3965	96	8	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	96	9	operations	operation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	96	10	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	96	11	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	96	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	96	13	particularly	particularly	ADV
ajahs-3965	96	14	those	those	PRON
ajahs-3965	96	15	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	96	16	learning	learn	VERB
ajahs-3965	96	17	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
ajahs-3965	96	18	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	97	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	97	2	transition	transition	NOUN
ajahs-3965	97	3	between	between	ADP
ajahs-3965	97	4	different	different	ADJ
ajahs-3965	97	5	representations	representation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	97	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	97	7	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	97	8	abstract	abstract	ADJ
ajahs-3965	97	9	nature	nature	NOUN
ajahs-3965	97	10	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	97	11	borrowing	borrowing	NOUN
ajahs-3965	97	12	techniques	technique	NOUN
ajahs-3965	97	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	97	14	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	97	15	external	external	ADJ
ajahs-3965	97	16	factors	factor	NOUN
ajahs-3965	97	17	such	such	ADJ
ajahs-3965	97	18	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	97	19	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	97	20	shift	shift	NOUN
ajahs-3965	97	21	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	97	22	online	online	NOUN
ajahs-3965	97	23	learning	learn	VERB
ajahs-3965	97	24	all	all	PRON
ajahs-3965	97	25	contribute	contribute	VERB
ajahs-3965	97	26	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	97	27	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	97	28	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	97	29	faced	face	VERB
ajahs-3965	97	30	by	by	ADP
ajahs-3965	97	31	students	student	NOUN
ajahs-3965	97	32	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	98	1	materials	material	NOUN
ajahs-3965	98	2	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	98	3	methods	method	NOUN
ajahs-3965	98	4	research	research	NOUN
ajahs-3965	98	5	design	design	NOUN
ajahs-3965	98	6	research	research	NOUN
ajahs-3965	98	7	design	design	NOUN
ajahs-3965	98	8	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	98	9	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	98	10	strategic	strategic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	98	11	blueprint	blueprint	NOUN
ajahs-3965	98	12	that	that	PRON
ajahs-3965	98	13	guides	guide	VERB
ajahs-3965	98	14	researchers	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	98	15	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	98	16	addressing	address	VERB
ajahs-3965	98	17	specific	specific	ADJ
ajahs-3965	98	18	research	research	NOUN
ajahs-3965	98	19	problems	problem	NOUN
ajahs-3965	98	20	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	99	1	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	99	2	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	99	3	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	99	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	99	5	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	99	6	chosen	choose	VERB
ajahs-3965	99	7	design	design	NOUN
ajahs-3965	99	8	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	99	9	action	action	NOUN
ajahs-3965	99	10	research	research	NOUN
ajahs-3965	99	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	99	12	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	99	13	methodology	methodology	NOUN
ajahs-3965	99	14	that	that	PRON
ajahs-3965	99	15	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
ajahs-3965	99	16	solving	solve	VERB
ajahs-3965	99	17	immediate	immediate	ADJ
ajahs-3965	99	18	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	99	19	localized	localized	ADJ
ajahs-3965	99	20	issues	issue	NOUN
ajahs-3965	99	21	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	100	1	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	100	2	approach	approach	NOUN
ajahs-3965	100	3	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	100	4	widely	widely	ADV
ajahs-3965	100	5	utilized	utilize	VERB
ajahs-3965	100	6	by	by	ADP
ajahs-3965	100	7	educators	educator	NOUN
ajahs-3965	100	8	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	100	9	address	address	VERB
ajahs-3965	100	10	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	100	11	within	within	ADP
ajahs-3965	100	12	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
ajahs-3965	100	13	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	100	14	schools	school	NOUN
ajahs-3965	100	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	100	16	employing	employ	VERB
ajahs-3965	100	17	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	100	18	structured	structured	ADJ
ajahs-3965	100	19	scientific	scientific	ADJ
ajahs-3965	100	20	process	process	NOUN
ajahs-3965	100	21	that	that	PRON
ajahs-3965	100	22	includes	include	VERB
ajahs-3965	100	23	problem	problem	NOUN
ajahs-3965	100	24	identification	identification	NOUN
ajahs-3965	100	25	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	100	26	data	data	NOUN
ajahs-3965	100	27	collection	collection	NOUN
ajahs-3965	100	28	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	100	29	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajahs-3965	100	30	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	100	31	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	100	32	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
ajahs-3965	100	33	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	101	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	101	2	ultimate	ultimate	ADJ
ajahs-3965	101	3	aim	aim	NOUN
ajahs-3965	101	4	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	101	5	action	action	NOUN
ajahs-3965	101	6	research	research	NOUN
ajahs-3965	101	7	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	101	8	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	101	9	develop	develop	VERB
ajahs-3965	101	10	actionable	actionable	ADJ
ajahs-3965	101	11	solutions	solution	NOUN
ajahs-3965	101	12	tailored	tailor	VERB
ajahs-3965	101	13	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	101	14	unique	unique	ADJ
ajahs-3965	101	15	contexts	contexts	NOUN
ajahs-3965	101	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	101	17	making	make	VERB
ajahs-3965	101	18	it	it	PRON
ajahs-3965	101	19	particularly	particularly	ADV
ajahs-3965	101	20	effective	effective	ADJ
ajahs-3965	101	21	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	101	22	addressing	address	VERB
ajahs-3965	101	23	practical	practical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	101	24	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	101	25	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	101	26	educational	educational	ADJ
ajahs-3965	101	27	settings	setting	NOUN
ajahs-3965	101	28	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	102	1	while	while	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	102	2	action	action	NOUN
ajahs-3965	102	3	research	research	NOUN
ajahs-3965	102	4	offers	offer	VERB
ajahs-3965	102	5	significant	significant	ADJ
ajahs-3965	102	6	benefits	benefit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	102	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	102	8	such	such	ADJ
ajahs-3965	102	9	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	102	10	its	its	PRON
ajahs-3965	102	11	direct	direct	ADJ
ajahs-3965	102	12	applicability	applicability	NOUN
ajahs-3965	102	13	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	102	14	relevance	relevance	NOUN
ajahs-3965	102	15	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	102	16	real	real	ADJ
ajahs-3965	102	17	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	102	18	world	world	NOUN
ajahs-3965	102	19	problems	problem	NOUN
ajahs-3965	102	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	102	21	it	it	PRON
ajahs-3965	102	22	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	102	23	not	not	PART
ajahs-3965	102	24	without	without	ADP
ajahs-3965	102	25	limitations	limitation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	102	26	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	103	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	103	2	flexible	flexible	ADJ
ajahs-3965	103	3	nature	nature	NOUN
ajahs-3965	103	4	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	103	5	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	103	6	design	design	NOUN
ajahs-3965	103	7	often	often	ADV
ajahs-3965	103	8	results	result	VERB
ajahs-3965	103	9	pa	pa	PROPN
ajahs-3965	103	10	ge	ge	PROPN
ajahs-3965	103	11	18	18	NUM
ajahs-3965	103	12	https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajahs	https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajah	NOUN
ajahs-3965	103	13	am	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	103	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	104	1	j.	j.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	104	2	arts	arts	PROPN
ajahs-3965	104	3	hum	hum	PROPN
ajahs-3965	104	4	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	105	1	sci	sci	PROPN
ajahs-3965	105	2	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	105	3	4(1	4(1	NOUN
ajahs-3965	105	4	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	105	5	15	15	NUM
ajahs-3965	105	6	-	-	SYM
ajahs-3965	105	7	24	24	NUM
ajahs-3965	105	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	105	9	2025	2025	NUM
ajahs-3965	105	10	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	105	11	limited	limited	ADJ
ajahs-3965	105	12	generalizability	generalizability	NOUN
ajahs-3965	105	13	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	105	14	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	105	15	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	105	16	replication	replication	NOUN
ajahs-3965	105	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	106	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
ajahs-3965	106	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	106	3	its	its	PRON
ajahs-3965	106	4	less	less	ADV
ajahs-3965	106	5	stringent	stringent	ADJ
ajahs-3965	106	6	adherence	adherence	NOUN
ajahs-3965	106	7	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	106	8	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	106	9	standards	standard	NOUN
ajahs-3965	106	10	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	106	11	traditional	traditional	ADJ
ajahs-3965	106	12	scientific	scientific	ADJ
ajahs-3965	106	13	research	research	NOUN
ajahs-3965	106	14	can	can	AUX
ajahs-3965	106	15	be	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	106	16	seen	see	VERB
ajahs-3965	106	17	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	106	18	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	106	19	drawback	drawback	NOUN
ajahs-3965	106	20	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	107	1	nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV
ajahs-3965	107	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	107	3	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	107	4	action	action	NOUN
ajahs-3965	107	5	research	research	NOUN
ajahs-3965	107	6	design	design	NOUN
ajahs-3965	107	7	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	107	8	well	well	ADV
ajahs-3965	107	9	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	107	10	suited	suited	ADJ
ajahs-3965	107	11	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	107	12	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	107	13	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	107	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	107	15	given	give	VERB
ajahs-3965	107	16	its	its	PRON
ajahs-3965	107	17	focus	focus	NOUN
ajahs-3965	107	18	on	on	ADP
ajahs-3965	107	19	practical	practical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	107	20	problem	problem	NOUN
ajahs-3965	107	21	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	107	22	solving	solve	VERB
ajahs-3965	107	23	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	107	24	contextual	contextual	ADJ
ajahs-3965	107	25	relevance	relevance	NOUN
ajahs-3965	107	26	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	108	1	population	population	NOUN
ajahs-3965	108	2	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	108	3	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	108	4	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	108	5	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	108	6	research	research	NOUN
ajahs-3965	108	7	population	population	NOUN
ajahs-3965	108	8	refers	refer	VERB
ajahs-3965	108	9	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	108	10	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	108	11	set	set	NOUN
ajahs-3965	108	12	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	108	13	all	all	DET
ajahs-3965	108	14	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	108	15	units	unit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	108	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	108	17	which	which	PRON
ajahs-3965	108	18	possess	possess	VERB
ajahs-3965	108	19	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	108	20	variable	variable	ADJ
ajahs-3965	108	21	characteristic	characteristic	NOUN
ajahs-3965	108	22	under	under	ADP
ajahs-3965	108	23	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	108	24	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	108	25	shukla	shukla	NOUN
ajahs-3965	108	26	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	108	27	2020	2020	NUM
ajahs-3965	108	28	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	108	29	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	109	1	shukla	shukla	NOUN
ajahs-3965	109	2	explained	explain	VERB
ajahs-3965	109	3	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	109	4	population	population	NOUN
ajahs-3965	109	5	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	109	6	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	109	7	totality	totality	NOUN
ajahs-3965	109	8	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	109	9	all	all	DET
ajahs-3965	109	10	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	109	11	objects	object	NOUN
ajahs-3965	109	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	109	13	subjects	subject	NOUN
ajahs-3965	109	14	or	or	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	109	15	members	member	NOUN
ajahs-3965	109	16	that	that	PRON
ajahs-3965	109	17	conform	conform	VERB
ajahs-3965	109	18	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	109	19	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	109	20	set	set	NOUN
ajahs-3965	109	21	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	109	22	specifications	specification	NOUN
ajahs-3965	109	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	110	1	at	at	ADP
ajahs-3965	110	2	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	110	3	time	time	NOUN
ajahs-3965	110	4	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	110	5	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	110	6	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	110	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	110	8	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	110	9	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	110	10	locale	locale	NOUN
ajahs-3965	110	11	had	have	VERB
ajahs-3965	110	12	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	110	13	total	total	NOUN
ajahs-3965	110	14	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	110	15	138	138	NUM
ajahs-3965	110	16	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	110	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	110	18	consisting	consist	VERB
ajahs-3965	110	19	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	110	20	62	62	NUM
ajahs-3965	110	21	boys	boy	NOUN
ajahs-3965	110	22	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	110	23	76	76	NUM
ajahs-3965	110	24	girls	girl	NOUN
ajahs-3965	110	25	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	110	26	student	student	NOUN
ajahs-3965	110	27	’s	’s	PART
ajahs-3965	110	28	attendance	attendance	NOUN
ajahs-3965	110	29	register	register	NOUN
ajahs-3965	110	30	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	110	31	2024	2024	NUM
ajahs-3965	110	32	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	110	33	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	111	1	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ajahs-3965	111	2	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	111	3	2	2	X
ajahs-3965	111	4	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	111	5	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	111	6	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	111	7	involved	involve	VERB
ajahs-3965	111	8	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	111	9	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	111	10	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	111	11	because	because	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	111	12	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	111	13	class	class	NOUN
ajahs-3965	111	14	was	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	111	15	conveniently	conveniently	ADV
ajahs-3965	111	16	accessible	accessible	ADJ
ajahs-3965	111	17	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	111	18	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	111	19	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	111	20	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	112	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	112	2	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ajahs-3965	112	3	enrolment	enrolment	NOUN
ajahs-3965	112	4	was	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	112	5	53	53	NUM
ajahs-3965	112	6	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	112	7	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	112	8	student	student	NOUN
ajahs-3965	112	9	’s	’s	PART
ajahs-3965	112	10	attendance	attendance	NOUN
ajahs-3965	112	11	register	register	NOUN
ajahs-3965	112	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	112	13	2024	2024	NUM
ajahs-3965	112	14	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	112	15	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	113	1	sample	sample	NOUN
ajahs-3965	113	2	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	113	3	sampling	sample	VERB
ajahs-3965	113	4	techniques	technique	NOUN
ajahs-3965	113	5	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	113	6	preliminary	preliminary	ADJ
ajahs-3965	113	7	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	113	8	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	113	9	conducted	conduct	VERB
ajahs-3965	113	10	by	by	ADP
ajahs-3965	113	11	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	113	12	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	113	13	revealed	reveal	VERB
ajahs-3965	113	14	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	113	15	fifteen	fifteen	NUM
ajahs-3965	113	16	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	113	17	15	15	NUM
ajahs-3965	113	18	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	113	19	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	113	20	out	out	ADP
ajahs-3965	113	21	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	113	22	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	113	23	fifty	fifty	NUM
ajahs-3965	113	24	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	113	25	three	three	NUM
ajahs-3965	113	26	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	113	27	53	53	NUM
ajahs-3965	113	28	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	113	29	could	could	AUX
ajahs-3965	113	30	subtract	subtract	VERB
ajahs-3965	113	31	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	113	32	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	113	33	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	113	34	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	113	35	while	while	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	113	36	thirty	thirty	NUM
ajahs-3965	113	37	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	113	38	eight	eight	NUM
ajahs-3965	113	39	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	113	40	38	38	NUM
ajahs-3965	113	41	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	113	42	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	113	43	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	113	44	not	not	PART
ajahs-3965	113	45	able	able	ADJ
ajahs-3965	113	46	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	113	47	do	do	VERB
ajahs-3965	113	48	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	113	49	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	113	50	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	114	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	114	2	thirty	thirty	NUM
ajahs-3965	114	3	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	114	4	eight	eight	NUM
ajahs-3965	114	5	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	114	6	38	38	NUM
ajahs-3965	114	7	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	114	8	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	114	9	scored	score	VERB
ajahs-3965	114	10	below	below	ADP
ajahs-3965	114	11	50	50	NUM
ajahs-3965	114	12	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	114	13	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	114	14	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	114	15	total	total	ADJ
ajahs-3965	114	16	marks	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	114	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	115	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	115	2	intention	intention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	115	3	here	here	ADV
ajahs-3965	115	4	was	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	115	5	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	115	6	determine	determine	VERB
ajahs-3965	115	7	their	their	PRON
ajahs-3965	115	8	level	level	NOUN
ajahs-3965	115	9	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	115	10	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	115	11	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	115	12	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	115	13	concept	concept	NOUN
ajahs-3965	115	14	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	115	15	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	115	16	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	115	17	onedigit	onedigit	ADJ
ajahs-3965	115	18	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	115	19	as	as	ADV
ajahs-3965	115	20	well	well	ADV
ajahs-3965	115	21	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	115	22	specific	specific	ADJ
ajahs-3965	115	23	skills	skill	NOUN
ajahs-3965	115	24	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	115	25	which	which	PRON
ajahs-3965	115	26	they	they	PRON
ajahs-3965	115	27	are	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	115	28	deficient	deficient	ADJ
ajahs-3965	115	29	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	116	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	116	2	thirty	thirty	NUM
ajahs-3965	116	3	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	116	4	eight	eight	NUM
ajahs-3965	116	5	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	116	6	38	38	NUM
ajahs-3965	116	7	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	116	8	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	116	9	who	who	PRON
ajahs-3965	116	10	could	could	AUX
ajahs-3965	116	11	not	not	PART
ajahs-3965	116	12	do	do	VERB
ajahs-3965	116	13	simple	simple	ADJ
ajahs-3965	116	14	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	116	15	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	116	16	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	116	17	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	116	18	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	116	19	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	116	20	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	116	21	chosen	choose	VERB
ajahs-3965	116	22	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	116	23	samples	sample	NOUN
ajahs-3965	116	24	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	116	25	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	116	26	project	project	NOUN
ajahs-3965	116	27	work	work	NOUN
ajahs-3965	116	28	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	117	1	thus	thus	ADV
ajahs-3965	117	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	117	3	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	117	4	sample	sample	NOUN
ajahs-3965	117	5	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	117	6	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	117	7	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	117	8	was	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	117	9	made	make	VERB
ajahs-3965	117	10	up	up	ADP
ajahs-3965	117	11	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	117	12	38	38	NUM
ajahs-3965	117	13	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	117	14	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	117	15	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ajahs-3965	117	16	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	117	17	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	117	18	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	117	19	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	118	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	118	2	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	118	3	chosen	choose	VERB
ajahs-3965	118	4	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	118	5	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	118	6	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	118	7	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	118	8	selected	select	VERB
ajahs-3965	118	9	through	through	ADP
ajahs-3965	118	10	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	118	11	purposive	purposive	ADJ
ajahs-3965	118	12	sampling	sample	VERB
ajahs-3965	118	13	technique	technique	NOUN
ajahs-3965	118	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	119	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	119	2	list	list	NOUN
ajahs-3965	119	3	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	119	4	pupil	pupil	ADJ
ajahs-3965	119	5	participants	participant	NOUN
ajahs-3965	119	6	was	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	119	7	obtained	obtain	VERB
ajahs-3965	119	8	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	119	9	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	119	10	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	119	11	’	’	PART
ajahs-3965	119	12	attendance	attendance	NOUN
ajahs-3965	119	13	register	register	NOUN
ajahs-3965	119	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	120	1	thus	thus	ADV
ajahs-3965	120	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	120	3	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	120	4	sample	sample	NOUN
ajahs-3965	120	5	size	size	NOUN
ajahs-3965	120	6	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	120	7	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	120	8	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	120	9	was	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	120	10	38	38	NUM
ajahs-3965	120	11	participants	participant	NOUN
ajahs-3965	120	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	121	1	data	datum	NOUN
ajahs-3965	121	2	collection	collection	NOUN
ajahs-3965	121	3	instruments	instrument	NOUN
ajahs-3965	121	4	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	121	5	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	121	6	employed	employ	VERB
ajahs-3965	121	7	both	both	DET
ajahs-3965	121	8	observation	observation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	121	9	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	121	10	tests	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	121	11	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	121	12	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	121	13	primary	primary	ADJ
ajahs-3965	121	14	instruments	instrument	NOUN
ajahs-3965	121	15	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	121	16	collecting	collect	VERB
ajahs-3965	121	17	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	121	18	necessary	necessary	ADJ
ajahs-3965	121	19	data	datum	NOUN
ajahs-3965	121	20	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	121	21	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	121	22	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	121	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	122	1	observation	observation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	122	2	observation	observation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	122	3	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	122	4	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	122	5	method	method	NOUN
ajahs-3965	122	6	through	through	ADP
ajahs-3965	122	7	which	which	PRON
ajahs-3965	122	8	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	122	9	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	122	10	gathers	gather	VERB
ajahs-3965	122	11	data	datum	NOUN
ajahs-3965	122	12	on	on	ADP
ajahs-3965	122	13	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	122	14	current	current	ADJ
ajahs-3965	122	15	state	state	NOUN
ajahs-3965	122	16	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	122	17	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	122	18	participants	participant	NOUN
ajahs-3965	122	19	by	by	ADP
ajahs-3965	122	20	watching	watch	VERB
ajahs-3965	122	21	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	122	22	listening	listen	VERB
ajahs-3965	122	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	122	24	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	122	25	recording	record	VERB
ajahs-3965	122	26	their	their	PRON
ajahs-3965	122	27	actions	action	NOUN
ajahs-3965	122	28	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	122	29	kwakye	kwakye	NOUN
ajahs-3965	122	30	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	122	31	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	122	32	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	122	33	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	122	34	2020	2020	NUM
ajahs-3965	122	35	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	122	36	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	123	1	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	123	2	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	123	3	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	123	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	123	5	observations	observation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	123	6	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	123	7	conducted	conduct	VERB
ajahs-3965	123	8	during	during	ADP
ajahs-3965	123	9	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN
ajahs-3965	123	10	lessons	lesson	NOUN
ajahs-3965	123	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	123	12	where	where	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	123	13	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	123	14	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	123	15	noted	note	VERB
ajahs-3965	123	16	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	123	17	many	many	ADJ
ajahs-3965	123	18	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	123	19	struggled	struggle	VERB
ajahs-3965	123	20	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	123	21	subtracting	subtract	VERB
ajahs-3965	123	22	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	123	23	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	123	24	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	123	25	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	123	26	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	124	1	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	124	2	address	address	VERB
ajahs-3965	124	3	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	124	4	issue	issue	NOUN
ajahs-3965	124	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	124	6	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	124	7	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	124	8	implemented	implement	VERB
ajahs-3965	124	9	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	124	10	use	use	NOUN
ajahs-3965	124	11	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	124	12	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	124	13	bundle	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	124	14	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	124	15	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	124	16	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	124	17	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	124	18	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ajahs-3965	124	19	aid	aid	NOUN
ajahs-3965	124	20	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	124	21	support	support	VERB
ajahs-3965	124	22	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	124	23	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	124	24	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	124	25	overcoming	overcome	VERB
ajahs-3965	124	26	their	their	PRON
ajahs-3965	124	27	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
ajahs-3965	124	28	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	125	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	125	2	observation	observation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	125	3	instrument	instrument	NOUN
ajahs-3965	125	4	served	serve	VERB
ajahs-3965	125	5	multiple	multiple	ADJ
ajahs-3965	125	6	purposes	purpose	NOUN
ajahs-3965	125	7	throughout	throughout	ADP
ajahs-3965	125	8	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	125	9	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	125	10	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	126	1	during	during	ADP
ajahs-3965	126	2	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	126	3	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	126	4	stage	stage	NOUN
ajahs-3965	126	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	126	6	it	it	PRON
ajahs-3965	126	7	helped	help	VERB
ajahs-3965	126	8	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	126	9	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	126	10	identify	identify	VERB
ajahs-3965	126	11	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	126	12	specific	specific	ADJ
ajahs-3965	126	13	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	126	14	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	126	15	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	126	16	faced	face	VERB
ajahs-3965	126	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	127	1	it	it	PRON
ajahs-3965	127	2	also	also	ADV
ajahs-3965	127	3	allowed	allow	VERB
ajahs-3965	127	4	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	127	5	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	127	6	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	127	7	monitor	monitor	VERB
ajahs-3965	127	8	how	how	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	127	9	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	127	10	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	127	11	applied	apply	VERB
ajahs-3965	127	12	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	127	13	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ajahs-3965	127	14	aids	aid	NOUN
ajahs-3965	127	15	available	available	ADJ
ajahs-3965	127	16	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	127	17	them	they	PRON
ajahs-3965	127	18	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	128	1	at	at	ADP
ajahs-3965	128	2	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	128	3	post	post	ADJ
ajahs-3965	128	4	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	128	5	intervention	intervention	ADJ
ajahs-3965	128	6	stage	stage	NOUN
ajahs-3965	128	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	128	8	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	128	9	observation	observation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	128	10	tool	tool	NOUN
ajahs-3965	128	11	was	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	128	12	used	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	128	13	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	128	14	assess	assess	VERB
ajahs-3965	128	15	whether	whether	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	128	16	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	128	17	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	128	18	had	have	VERB
ajahs-3965	128	19	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	128	20	positive	positive	ADJ
ajahs-3965	128	21	impact	impact	NOUN
ajahs-3965	128	22	on	on	ADP
ajahs-3965	128	23	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	128	24	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	128	25	’	'	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	128	26	ability	ability	NOUN
ajahs-3965	128	27	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	128	28	subtract	subtract	VERB
ajahs-3965	128	29	onedigit	onedigit	ADJ
ajahs-3965	128	30	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	128	31	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	128	32	providing	provide	VERB
ajahs-3965	128	33	insights	insight	NOUN
ajahs-3965	128	34	into	into	ADP
ajahs-3965	128	35	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	128	36	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ajahs-3965	128	37	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	128	38	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	128	39	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ajahs-3965	128	40	strategy	strategy	NOUN
ajahs-3965	128	41	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	129	1	tests	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	129	2	tests	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	129	3	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	129	4	also	also	ADV
ajahs-3965	129	5	used	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	129	6	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	129	7	collect	collect	VERB
ajahs-3965	129	8	data	datum	NOUN
ajahs-3965	129	9	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	130	1	two	two	NUM
ajahs-3965	130	2	main	main	ADJ
ajahs-3965	130	3	types	type	NOUN
ajahs-3965	130	4	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	130	5	tests	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	130	6	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	130	7	conductedpre	conductedpre	NOUN
ajahs-3965	130	8	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	130	9	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	130	10	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	130	11	post	post	NOUN
ajahs-3965	130	12	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	130	13	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	130	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	131	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	131	2	pretest	pretest	NOUN
ajahs-3965	131	3	was	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	131	4	conducted	conduct	VERB
ajahs-3965	131	5	during	during	ADP
ajahs-3965	131	6	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	131	7	pre	pre	ADJ
ajahs-3965	131	8	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	131	9	intervention	intervention	ADJ
ajahs-3965	131	10	stage	stage	NOUN
ajahs-3965	131	11	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	131	12	diagnose	diagnose	VERB
ajahs-3965	131	13	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	131	14	level	level	NOUN
ajahs-3965	131	15	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	131	16	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	131	17	’	'	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	131	18	ability	ability	NOUN
ajahs-3965	131	19	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	131	20	subtract	subtract	VERB
ajahs-3965	131	21	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	131	22	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	131	23	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	131	24	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	131	25	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	132	1	this	this	PRON
ajahs-3965	132	2	was	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	132	3	done	do	VERB
ajahs-3965	132	4	by	by	ADP
ajahs-3965	132	5	giving	give	VERB
ajahs-3965	132	6	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	132	7	written	write	VERB
ajahs-3965	132	8	tests	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	132	9	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	133	1	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	133	2	post	post	NOUN
ajahs-3965	133	3	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	133	4	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	133	5	was	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	133	6	conducted	conduct	VERB
ajahs-3965	133	7	after	after	ADP
ajahs-3965	133	8	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	133	9	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	133	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	133	11	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	133	12	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	133	13	thirty	thirty	NUM
ajahs-3965	133	14	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	133	15	eight	eight	NUM
ajahs-3965	133	16	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	133	17	38	38	NUM
ajahs-3965	133	18	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	133	19	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	133	20	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	133	21	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	133	22	aid	aid	NOUN
ajahs-3965	133	23	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	133	24	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	133	25	bundle	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	133	26	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	133	27	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	133	28	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	133	29	solving	solve	VERB
ajahs-3965	133	30	five	five	NUM
ajahs-3965	133	31	questions	question	NOUN
ajahs-3965	133	32	involving	involve	VERB
ajahs-3965	133	33	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	133	34	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	133	35	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	133	36	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	133	37	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	133	38	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	133	39	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	133	40	within	within	ADP
ajahs-3965	133	41	twenty	twenty	NUM
ajahs-3965	133	42	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	133	43	five	five	NUM
ajahs-3965	133	44	minutes	minute	NOUN
ajahs-3965	133	45	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	134	1	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	134	2	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	134	3	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	134	4	procedure	procedure	NOUN
ajahs-3965	134	5	was	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	134	6	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	134	7	three	three	NUM
ajahs-3965	134	8	stages	stage	NOUN
ajahs-3965	134	9	namely	namely	ADV
ajahs-3965	134	10	pre	pre	NOUN
ajahs-3965	134	11	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	134	12	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	134	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	134	14	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	134	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	134	16	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	134	17	post	post	NOUN
ajahs-3965	134	18	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	134	19	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	134	20	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	135	1	six	six	NUM
ajahs-3965	135	2	weeks	week	NOUN
ajahs-3965	135	3	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	135	4	used	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	135	5	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	135	6	collect	collect	VERB
ajahs-3965	135	7	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	135	8	data	datum	NOUN
ajahs-3965	135	9	;	;	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	135	10	two	two	NUM
ajahs-3965	135	11	days	day	NOUN
ajahs-3965	135	12	within	within	ADP
ajahs-3965	135	13	each	each	PRON
ajahs-3965	135	14	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	135	15	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	135	16	weeks	week	NOUN
ajahs-3965	135	17	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	135	18	used	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	135	19	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	135	20	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	135	21	project	project	NOUN
ajahs-3965	135	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	136	1	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	136	2	all	all	DET
ajahs-3965	136	3	12	12	NUM
ajahs-3965	136	4	working	work	VERB
ajahs-3965	136	5	days	day	NOUN
ajahs-3965	136	6	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	136	7	used	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	136	8	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	136	9	collecting	collect	VERB
ajahs-3965	136	10	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	136	11	data	datum	NOUN
ajahs-3965	136	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	137	1	two	two	NUM
ajahs-3965	137	2	weeks	week	NOUN
ajahs-3965	137	3	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	137	4	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	137	5	pre	pre	NOUN
ajahs-3965	137	6	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	137	7	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	137	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	137	9	three	three	NUM
ajahs-3965	137	10	weeks	week	NOUN
ajahs-3965	137	11	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	137	12	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	137	13	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	137	14	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	137	15	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	137	16	last	last	ADJ
ajahs-3965	137	17	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	137	18	week	week	NOUN
ajahs-3965	137	19	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	137	20	post	post	NOUN
ajahs-3965	137	21	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	137	22	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	137	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	138	1	pre	pre	ADJ
ajahs-3965	138	2	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	138	3	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	138	4	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	138	5	first	first	ADJ
ajahs-3965	138	6	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	138	7	second	second	ADJ
ajahs-3965	138	8	weeks	week	NOUN
ajahs-3965	138	9	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	138	10	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	138	11	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	138	12	pre	pre	ADJ
ajahs-3965	138	13	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	138	14	intervention	intervention	ADJ
ajahs-3965	138	15	phase	phase	NOUN
ajahs-3965	138	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	138	17	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	138	18	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	138	19	utilized	utilize	VERB
ajahs-3965	138	20	both	both	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	138	21	observation	observation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	138	22	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	138	23	tests	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	138	24	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	138	25	gather	gather	VERB
ajahs-3965	138	26	data	datum	NOUN
ajahs-3965	138	27	on	on	ADP
ajahs-3965	138	28	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	138	29	identified	identify	VERB
ajahs-3965	138	30	problem	problem	NOUN
ajahs-3965	138	31	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	139	1	through	through	ADP
ajahs-3965	139	2	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ajahs-3965	139	3	observations	observation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	139	4	during	during	ADP
ajahs-3965	139	5	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN
ajahs-3965	139	6	lessons	lesson	NOUN
ajahs-3965	139	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	139	8	it	it	PRON
ajahs-3965	139	9	became	become	VERB
ajahs-3965	139	10	evident	evident	ADJ
ajahs-3965	139	11	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	139	12	many	many	ADJ
ajahs-3965	139	13	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	139	14	struggled	struggle	VERB
ajahs-3965	139	15	significantly	significantly	ADV
ajahs-3965	139	16	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	139	17	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	139	18	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	139	19	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	139	20	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	139	21	problems	problem	NOUN
ajahs-3965	139	22	during	during	ADP
ajahs-3965	139	23	class	class	NOUN
ajahs-3965	139	24	exercises	exercise	NOUN
ajahs-3965	139	25	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	140	1	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	140	2	further	far	ADV
ajahs-3965	140	3	assess	assess	VERB
ajahs-3965	140	4	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	140	5	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	140	6	’	'	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	140	7	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	140	8	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	140	9	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	140	10	topic	topic	NOUN
ajahs-3965	140	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	140	12	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	140	13	pre	pre	NOUN
ajahs-3965	140	14	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	140	15	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	140	16	was	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	140	17	administered	administer	VERB
ajahs-3965	140	18	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	140	19	providing	provide	VERB
ajahs-3965	140	20	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	140	21	clearer	clear	ADJ
ajahs-3965	140	22	picture	picture	NOUN
ajahs-3965	140	23	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	140	24	their	their	PRON
ajahs-3965	140	25	existing	exist	VERB
ajahs-3965	140	26	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	140	27	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	141	1	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	141	2	sample	sample	NOUN
ajahs-3965	141	3	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	141	4	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	141	5	pre	pre	ADJ
ajahs-3965	141	6	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	141	7	test	test	ADJ
ajahs-3965	141	8	results	result	NOUN
ajahs-3965	141	9	can	can	AUX
ajahs-3965	141	10	be	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	141	11	found	find	VERB
ajahs-3965	141	12	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	141	13	appendix	appendix	ADJ
ajahs-3965	141	14	a.	a.	NOUN
ajahs-3965	141	15	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	141	16	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	141	17	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	141	18	third	third	ADJ
ajahs-3965	141	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	141	20	fourth	fourth	ADJ
ajahs-3965	141	21	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	141	22	fifth	fifth	ADJ
ajahs-3965	141	23	weeks	week	NOUN
ajahs-3965	141	24	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	141	25	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	141	26	educational	educational	ADJ
ajahs-3965	141	27	settings	setting	NOUN
ajahs-3965	141	28	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	141	29	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	141	30	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	141	31	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	141	32	set	set	NOUN
ajahs-3965	141	33	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	141	34	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ajahs-3965	141	35	or	or	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	141	36	sets	set	NOUN
ajahs-3965	141	37	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	141	38	activities	activity	NOUN
ajahs-3965	141	39	planned	plan	VERB
ajahs-3965	141	40	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	141	41	implemented	implement	VERB
ajahs-3965	141	42	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	141	43	solve	solve	VERB
ajahs-3965	141	44	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	141	45	specific	specific	ADJ
ajahs-3965	141	46	problem	problem	NOUN
ajahs-3965	141	47	or	or	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	141	48	aimed	aim	VERB
ajahs-3965	141	49	at	at	ADP
ajahs-3965	141	50	improving	improve	VERB
ajahs-3965	141	51	educational	educational	ADJ
ajahs-3965	141	52	practice	practice	NOUN
ajahs-3965	141	53	among	among	ADP
ajahs-3965	141	54	students	student	NOUN
ajahs-3965	141	55	located	locate	VERB
ajahs-3965	141	56	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	141	57	an	an	DET
ajahs-3965	141	58	immediate	immediate	ADJ
ajahs-3965	141	59	situation	situation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	141	60	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	141	61	kwakye	kwakye	VERB
ajahs-3965	141	62	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	141	63	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	141	64	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	141	65	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	141	66	2020	2020	NUM
ajahs-3965	141	67	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	141	68	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	142	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	142	2	goal	goal	NOUN
ajahs-3965	142	3	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	142	4	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	142	5	identify	identify	VERB
ajahs-3965	142	6	areas	area	NOUN
ajahs-3965	142	7	where	where	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	142	8	students	student	NOUN
ajahs-3965	142	9	are	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	142	10	struggling	struggle	VERB
ajahs-3965	142	11	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	142	12	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	142	13	implement	implement	VERB
ajahs-3965	142	14	targeted	target	VERB
ajahs-3965	142	15	measures	measure	NOUN
ajahs-3965	142	16	that	that	PRON
ajahs-3965	142	17	can	can	AUX
ajahs-3965	142	18	help	help	VERB
ajahs-3965	142	19	them	they	PRON
ajahs-3965	142	20	improve	improve	VERB
ajahs-3965	142	21	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	142	22	hawthorne	hawthorne	NOUN
ajahs-3965	142	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	142	24	2021	2021	NUM
ajahs-3965	142	25	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	142	26	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	143	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	143	2	primary	primary	ADJ
ajahs-3965	143	3	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	143	4	employed	employ	VERB
ajahs-3965	143	5	was	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	143	6	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	143	7	utilisation	utilisation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	143	8	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	143	9	“	"	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	143	10	loose	loose	ADJ
ajahs-3965	143	11	”	"	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	143	12	bundles	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	143	13	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	143	14	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	143	15	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	143	16	teach	teach	VERB
ajahs-3965	143	17	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	143	18	concept	concept	NOUN
ajahs-3965	143	19	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	143	20	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	143	21	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	143	22	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	143	23	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	143	24	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	143	25	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	143	26	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	144	1	third	third	ADJ
ajahs-3965	144	2	week	week	NOUN
ajahs-3965	144	3	activity	activity	NOUN
ajahs-3965	144	4	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	144	5	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	144	6	1	1	NUM
ajahs-3965	144	7	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	144	8	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	144	9	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	144	10	third	third	ADJ
ajahs-3965	144	11	week	week	NOUN
ajahs-3965	144	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	144	13	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	144	14	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	144	15	introduced	introduce	VERB
ajahs-3965	144	16	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	144	17	substrand	substrand	NOUN
ajahs-3965	144	18	“	"	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	144	19	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	144	20	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	144	21	whole	whole	ADJ
ajahs-3965	144	22	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	144	23	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	144	24	0	0	NUM
ajahs-3965	144	25	-	-	SYM
ajahs-3965	144	26	9	9	NUM
ajahs-3965	144	27	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	144	28	”	"	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	144	29	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	144	30	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	144	31	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	144	32	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	144	33	engaging	engaging	ADJ
ajahs-3965	144	34	approach	approach	NOUN
ajahs-3965	144	35	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	145	1	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	145	2	capture	capture	VERB
ajahs-3965	145	3	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	145	4	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	145	5	’	’	PART
ajahs-3965	145	6	attention	attention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	145	7	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	145	8	set	set	VERB
ajahs-3965	145	9	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	145	10	tone	tone	NOUN
ajahs-3965	145	11	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	145	12	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	145	13	lesson	lesson	NOUN
ajahs-3965	145	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	145	15	she	she	PRON
ajahs-3965	145	16	began	begin	VERB
ajahs-3965	145	17	pa	pa	PROPN
ajahs-3965	145	18	ge	ge	PROPN
ajahs-3965	145	19	19	19	NUM
ajahs-3965	145	20	https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajahs	https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajah	NOUN
ajahs-3965	145	21	am	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	145	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	146	1	j.	j.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	146	2	arts	arts	PROPN
ajahs-3965	146	3	hum	hum	PROPN
ajahs-3965	146	4	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	147	1	sci	sci	PROPN
ajahs-3965	147	2	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	147	3	4(1	4(1	NOUN
ajahs-3965	147	4	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	147	5	15	15	NUM
ajahs-3965	147	6	-	-	SYM
ajahs-3965	147	7	24	24	NUM
ajahs-3965	147	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	147	9	2025	2025	NUM
ajahs-3965	147	10	by	by	ADP
ajahs-3965	147	11	leading	lead	VERB
ajahs-3965	147	12	them	they	PRON
ajahs-3965	147	13	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	147	14	singing	singe	VERB
ajahs-3965	147	15	songs	song	NOUN
ajahs-3965	147	16	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	147	17	reciting	recite	VERB
ajahs-3965	147	18	rhymes	rhyme	NOUN
ajahs-3965	147	19	connected	connect	VERB
ajahs-3965	147	20	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	147	21	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	147	22	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	147	23	such	such	ADJ
ajahs-3965	147	24	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	147	25	“	"	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	147	26	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	147	27	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	147	28	two	two	NUM
ajahs-3965	147	29	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	147	30	buckle	buckle	VERB
ajahs-3965	147	31	my	my	PRON
ajahs-3965	147	32	shoe	shoe	NOUN
ajahs-3965	147	33	...	...	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	147	34	”	"	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	147	35	these	these	DET
ajahs-3965	147	36	activities	activity	NOUN
ajahs-3965	147	37	created	create	VERB
ajahs-3965	147	38	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	147	39	lively	lively	ADJ
ajahs-3965	147	40	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	147	41	interactive	interactive	ADJ
ajahs-3965	147	42	learning	learning	NOUN
ajahs-3965	147	43	environment	environment	NOUN
ajahs-3965	147	44	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	148	1	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	148	2	ensure	ensure	VERB
ajahs-3965	148	3	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	148	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	148	5	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	148	6	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	148	7	further	far	ADV
ajahs-3965	148	8	clarified	clarify	VERB
ajahs-3965	148	9	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	148	10	concept	concept	NOUN
ajahs-3965	148	11	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	148	12	subtracting	subtract	VERB
ajahs-3965	148	13	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	148	14	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	148	15	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	148	16	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	148	17	by	by	ADP
ajahs-3965	148	18	explaining	explain	VERB
ajahs-3965	148	19	it	it	PRON
ajahs-3965	148	20	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	148	21	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	148	22	local	local	ADJ
ajahs-3965	148	23	waali	waali	ADJ
ajahs-3965	148	24	language	language	NOUN
ajahs-3965	148	25	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	149	1	she	she	PRON
ajahs-3965	149	2	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
ajahs-3965	149	3	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	149	4	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	149	5	involves	involve	VERB
ajahs-3965	149	6	taking	take	VERB
ajahs-3965	149	7	away	away	ADV
ajahs-3965	149	8	or	or	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	149	9	“	"	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	149	10	minusing	minuse	VERB
ajahs-3965	149	11	”	"	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	149	12	onedigit	onedigit	ADJ
ajahs-3965	149	13	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	149	14	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	149	15	each	each	DET
ajahs-3965	149	16	other	other	ADJ
ajahs-3965	149	17	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	149	18	find	find	VERB
ajahs-3965	149	19	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	149	20	difference	difference	NOUN
ajahs-3965	149	21	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	150	1	following	follow	VERB
ajahs-3965	150	2	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	150	3	explanation	explanation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	150	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	150	5	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	150	6	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	150	7	facilitated	facilitate	VERB
ajahs-3965	150	8	group	group	NOUN
ajahs-3965	150	9	activities	activity	NOUN
ajahs-3965	150	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	150	11	guiding	guide	VERB
ajahs-3965	150	12	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	150	13	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	150	14	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	150	15	forming	form	VERB
ajahs-3965	150	16	small	small	ADJ
ajahs-3965	150	17	groups	group	NOUN
ajahs-3965	150	18	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	150	19	distributing	distribute	VERB
ajahs-3965	150	20	loose	loose	ADJ
ajahs-3965	150	21	bundles	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	150	22	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	150	23	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	150	24	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	150	25	each	each	DET
ajahs-3965	150	26	group	group	NOUN
ajahs-3965	150	27	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	151	1	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	151	2	hands	hand	NOUN
ajahs-3965	151	3	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	151	4	on	on	ADP
ajahs-3965	151	5	method	method	NOUN
ajahs-3965	151	6	allowed	allow	VERB
ajahs-3965	151	7	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	151	8	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	151	9	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	151	10	actively	actively	ADV
ajahs-3965	151	11	participate	participate	VERB
ajahs-3965	151	12	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	151	13	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	151	14	learning	learning	NOUN
ajahs-3965	151	15	process	process	NOUN
ajahs-3965	151	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	151	17	visually	visually	ADV
ajahs-3965	151	18	demonstrating	demonstrate	VERB
ajahs-3965	151	19	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	151	20	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	151	21	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	151	22	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	151	23	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	151	24	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	151	25	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	151	26	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	152	1	activity	activity	NOUN
ajahs-3965	152	2	two	two	NUM
ajahs-3965	152	3	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	152	4	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	152	5	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	152	6	during	during	ADP
ajahs-3965	152	7	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	152	8	activity	activity	NOUN
ajahs-3965	152	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	152	10	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	152	11	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	152	12	guided	guide	VERB
ajahs-3965	152	13	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	152	14	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	152	15	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	152	16	write	write	VERB
ajahs-3965	152	17	down	down	ADP
ajahs-3965	152	18	whole	whole	ADJ
ajahs-3965	152	19	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	152	20	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	152	21	0	0	NUM
ajahs-3965	152	22	–	–	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	152	23	9	9	NUM
ajahs-3965	152	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	153	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	153	2	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	153	3	also	also	ADV
ajahs-3965	153	4	guided	guide	VERB
ajahs-3965	153	5	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	153	6	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	153	7	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	153	8	represent	represent	VERB
ajahs-3965	153	9	each	each	DET
ajahs-3965	153	10	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	153	11	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	153	12	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	153	13	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	153	14	assist	assist	VERB
ajahs-3965	153	15	them	they	PRON
ajahs-3965	153	16	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	153	17	recognise	recognise	VERB
ajahs-3965	153	18	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	153	19	numerals	numeral	NOUN
ajahs-3965	153	20	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	153	21	1	1	NUM
ajahs-3965	153	22	–	–	SYM
ajahs-3965	153	23	9	9	NUM
ajahs-3965	153	24	as	as	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	153	25	shown	show	VERB
ajahs-3965	153	26	below	below	ADP
ajahs-3965	153	27	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	153	28	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	153	29	figure	figure	NOUN
ajahs-3965	153	30	3.1	3.1	NUM
ajahs-3965	153	31	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	154	1	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	154	2	activity	activity	NOUN
ajahs-3965	154	3	was	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	154	4	conducted	conduct	VERB
ajahs-3965	154	5	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	154	6	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	154	7	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	154	8	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	154	9	order	order	NOUN
ajahs-3965	154	10	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	154	11	enhance	enhance	VERB
ajahs-3965	154	12	their	their	PRON
ajahs-3965	154	13	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN
ajahs-3965	154	14	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	154	15	representing	represent	VERB
ajahs-3965	154	16	integers	integer	NOUN
ajahs-3965	154	17	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	154	18	1	1	NUM
ajahs-3965	154	19	9	9	NUM
ajahs-3965	154	20	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	154	21	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	154	22	statements	statement	NOUN
ajahs-3965	154	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	155	1	activity	activity	NOUN
ajahs-3965	155	2	three	three	NUM
ajahs-3965	155	3	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	155	4	3	3	NUM
ajahs-3965	155	5	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	155	6	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	155	7	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	155	8	activity	activity	NOUN
ajahs-3965	155	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	155	10	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	155	11	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	155	12	guided	guide	VERB
ajahs-3965	155	13	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	155	14	subtract	subtract	VERB
ajahs-3965	155	15	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	155	16	following	following	NOUN
ajahs-3965	155	17	:	:	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	155	18	i	i	NOUN
ajahs-3965	155	19	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	155	20	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	155	21	–	–	SYM
ajahs-3965	155	22	3	3	NUM
ajahs-3965	155	23	=	=	SYM
ajahs-3965	155	24	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	155	25	ii	ii	NOUN
ajahs-3965	155	26	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	155	27	7	7	NUM
ajahs-3965	155	28	–	–	SYM
ajahs-3965	155	29	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	155	30	=	=	SYM
ajahs-3965	155	31	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	155	32	iii	iii	NOUN
ajahs-3965	155	33	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	155	34	9	9	NUM
ajahs-3965	155	35	–	–	SYM
ajahs-3965	155	36	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	155	37	=	=	PRON
ajahs-3965	155	38	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	155	39	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	155	40	explains	explain	VERB
ajahs-3965	155	41	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	155	42	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	155	43	means	mean	VERB
ajahs-3965	155	44	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	155	45	take	take	VERB
ajahs-3965	155	46	away	away	ADV
ajahs-3965	155	47	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	155	48	set	set	NOUN
ajahs-3965	155	49	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	155	50	objects	object	NOUN
ajahs-3965	155	51	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	155	52	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	155	53	collection	collection	NOUN
ajahs-3965	155	54	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	156	1	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	156	2	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	156	3	–	–	SYM
ajahs-3965	156	4	3	3	NUM
ajahs-3965	156	5	=	=	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	156	6	?	?	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	157	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	157	2	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	157	3	guided	guide	VERB
ajahs-3965	157	4	each	each	DET
ajahs-3965	157	5	group	group	NOUN
ajahs-3965	157	6	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	157	7	count	count	VERB
ajahs-3965	157	8	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	157	9	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	157	10	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	157	11	put	put	VERB
ajahs-3965	157	12	them	they	PRON
ajahs-3965	157	13	aside	aside	ADV
ajahs-3965	157	14	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	157	15	represent	represent	VERB
ajahs-3965	157	16	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	157	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	158	1	she	she	PRON
ajahs-3965	158	2	guided	guide	VERB
ajahs-3965	158	3	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	158	4	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	158	5	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	158	6	take	take	VERB
ajahs-3965	158	7	away	away	ADV
ajahs-3965	158	8	3	3	NUM
ajahs-3965	158	9	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	158	10	out	out	ADP
ajahs-3965	158	11	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	158	12	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	158	13	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	158	14	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	158	15	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	159	1	she	she	PRON
ajahs-3965	159	2	further	far	ADV
ajahs-3965	159	3	let	let	VERB
ajahs-3965	159	4	them	they	PRON
ajahs-3965	159	5	count	count	VERB
ajahs-3965	159	6	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	159	7	remaining	remain	VERB
ajahs-3965	159	8	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	159	9	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	159	10	write	write	VERB
ajahs-3965	159	11	down	down	ADP
ajahs-3965	159	12	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	159	13	difference	difference	NOUN
ajahs-3965	159	14	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	159	15	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	159	16	as	as	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	159	17	shown	show	VERB
ajahs-3965	159	18	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	159	19	figure	figure	NOUN
ajahs-3965	159	20	3.2	3.2	NUM
ajahs-3965	159	21	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	160	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
ajahs-3965	160	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	160	3	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	160	4	–	–	SYM
ajahs-3965	160	5	3	3	NUM
ajahs-3965	160	6	=	=	SYM
ajahs-3965	160	7	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	160	8	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	160	9	diagram	diagram	NOUN
ajahs-3965	160	10	showing	show	VERB
ajahs-3965	160	11	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	160	12	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	160	13	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	160	14	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	160	15	–	–	SYM
ajahs-3965	160	16	3	3	NUM
ajahs-3965	160	17	=	=	SYM
ajahs-3965	160	18	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	160	19	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	160	20	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	160	21	took	take	VERB
ajahs-3965	160	22	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	160	23	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	160	24	through	through	ADP
ajahs-3965	160	25	similar	similar	ADJ
ajahs-3965	160	26	activities	activity	NOUN
ajahs-3965	160	27	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	160	28	guide	guide	VERB
ajahs-3965	160	29	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	160	30	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	160	31	solve	solve	VERB
ajahs-3965	160	32	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	160	33	ii	ii	NOUN
ajahs-3965	160	34	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	160	35	7	7	NUM
ajahs-3965	160	36	–	–	SYM
ajahs-3965	160	37	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	160	38	=	=	NOUN
ajahs-3965	160	39	?	?	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	161	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	161	2	iii	iii	NOUN
ajahs-3965	161	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	161	4	9	9	NUM
ajahs-3965	161	5	–	–	SYM
ajahs-3965	161	6	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	161	7	=	=	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	161	8	?	?	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	162	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	162	2	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	162	3	reviews	review	VERB
ajahs-3965	162	4	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	162	5	lesson	lesson	NOUN
ajahs-3965	162	6	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	162	7	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	162	8	by	by	ADP
ajahs-3965	162	9	letting	let	VERB
ajahs-3965	162	10	them	they	PRON
ajahs-3965	162	11	sing	sing	VERB
ajahs-3965	162	12	song	song	NOUN
ajahs-3965	162	13	like	like	ADP
ajahs-3965	162	14	:	:	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	162	15	“	"	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	162	16	i	i	PRON
ajahs-3965	162	17	’m	’m	AUX
ajahs-3965	162	18	counting	count	VERB
ajahs-3965	162	19	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	162	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	162	21	what	what	PRON
ajahs-3965	162	22	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	162	23	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	162	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	162	25	”	"	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	163	1	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	163	2	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	163	3	asked	ask	VERB
ajahs-3965	163	4	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	163	5	solve	solve	VERB
ajahs-3965	163	6	6	6	NUM
ajahs-3965	163	7	–	–	SYM
ajahs-3965	163	8	4	4	NUM
ajahs-3965	163	9	=	=	SYM
ajahs-3965	163	10	?	?	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	163	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	164	1	fourth	fourth	ADJ
ajahs-3965	164	2	week	week	NOUN
ajahs-3965	164	3	during	during	ADP
ajahs-3965	164	4	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	164	5	fourth	fourth	ADJ
ajahs-3965	164	6	week	week	NOUN
ajahs-3965	164	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	164	8	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	164	9	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	164	10	revised	revise	VERB
ajahs-3965	164	11	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	164	12	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	164	13	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	164	14	review	review	VERB
ajahs-3965	164	15	their	their	PRON
ajahs-3965	164	16	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	164	17	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	164	18	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	164	19	previous	previous	ADJ
ajahs-3965	164	20	lesson	lesson	NOUN
ajahs-3965	164	21	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	165	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	165	2	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	165	3	took	take	VERB
ajahs-3965	165	4	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	165	5	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	165	6	through	through	ADP
ajahs-3965	165	7	similar	similar	ADJ
ajahs-3965	165	8	activities	activity	NOUN
ajahs-3965	165	9	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	165	10	have	have	VERB
ajahs-3965	165	11	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	165	12	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	165	13	practice	practice	VERB
ajahs-3965	165	14	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	165	15	more	more	ADJ
ajahs-3965	165	16	examples	example	NOUN
ajahs-3965	165	17	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	165	18	strengthen	strengthen	VERB
ajahs-3965	165	19	what	what	PRON
ajahs-3965	165	20	was	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	165	21	taught	teach	VERB
ajahs-3965	165	22	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	165	23	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	165	24	third	third	ADJ
ajahs-3965	165	25	week	week	NOUN
ajahs-3965	165	26	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	166	1	fifth	fifth	ADJ
ajahs-3965	166	2	week	week	NOUN
ajahs-3965	166	3	during	during	ADP
ajahs-3965	166	4	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	166	5	fifth	fifth	ADJ
ajahs-3965	166	6	week	week	NOUN
ajahs-3965	166	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	166	8	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	166	9	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	166	10	revised	revise	VERB
ajahs-3965	166	11	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	166	12	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	166	13	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	166	14	review	review	VERB
ajahs-3965	166	15	their	their	PRON
ajahs-3965	166	16	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	166	17	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	166	18	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	166	19	previous	previous	ADJ
ajahs-3965	166	20	lesson	lesson	NOUN
ajahs-3965	166	21	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	167	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	167	2	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	167	3	guide	guide	VERB
ajahs-3965	167	4	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	167	5	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	167	6	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	167	7	used	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	167	8	strokes	stroke	NOUN
ajahs-3965	167	9	along	along	ADP
ajahs-3965	167	10	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	167	11	bundles	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	167	12	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	167	13	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	167	14	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	167	15	solve	solve	VERB
ajahs-3965	167	16	7	7	NUM
ajahs-3965	167	17	–	–	SYM
ajahs-3965	167	18	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	167	19	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	167	20	9	9	NUM
ajahs-3965	167	21	–	–	SYM
ajahs-3965	167	22	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	167	23	by	by	ADP
ajahs-3965	167	24	following	follow	VERB
ajahs-3965	167	25	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	167	26	steps	step	NOUN
ajahs-3965	167	27	below	below	ADV
ajahs-3965	167	28	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	168	1	activity	activity	NOUN
ajahs-3965	168	2	i	i	PRON
ajahs-3965	168	3	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	168	4	7	7	NUM
ajahs-3965	168	5	–	–	SYM
ajahs-3965	168	6	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	168	7	=	=	SYM
ajahs-3965	168	8	steps	step	NOUN
ajahs-3965	168	9	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	168	10	i	i	NOUN
ajahs-3965	168	11	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	168	12	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	168	13	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	168	14	states	state	VERB
ajahs-3965	168	15	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	168	16	7	7	X
ajahs-3965	168	17	–	–	SYM
ajahs-3965	168	18	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	168	19	means	mean	VERB
ajahs-3965	168	20	start	start	VERB
ajahs-3965	168	21	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	168	22	make	make	VERB
ajahs-3965	168	23	7	7	NUM
ajahs-3965	168	24	strokes	stroke	NOUN
ajahs-3965	168	25	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	169	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	169	2	ii	ii	NOUN
ajahs-3965	169	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	169	4	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	169	5	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	169	6	7	7	NUM
ajahs-3965	169	7	strokes	stroke	NOUN
ajahs-3965	169	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	169	9	she	she	PRON
ajahs-3965	169	10	guided	guide	VERB
ajahs-3965	169	11	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	169	12	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	169	13	take	take	VERB
ajahs-3965	169	14	away	away	ADV
ajahs-3965	169	15	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	169	16	strokes	stroke	NOUN
ajahs-3965	169	17	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	169	18	cancel	cancel	VERB
ajahs-3965	169	19	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	169	20	strokes	stroke	NOUN
ajahs-3965	169	21	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	170	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	170	2	iii	iii	X
ajahs-3965	170	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	170	4	she	she	PRON
ajahs-3965	170	5	asked	ask	VERB
ajahs-3965	170	6	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	170	7	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	170	8	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	170	9	count	count	VERB
ajahs-3965	170	10	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	170	11	remaining	remain	VERB
ajahs-3965	170	12	stokes	stoke	NOUN
ajahs-3965	170	13	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	170	14	tell	tell	VERB
ajahs-3965	170	15	how	how	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	170	16	many	many	ADJ
ajahs-3965	170	17	are	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	170	18	left	leave	VERB
ajahs-3965	170	19	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	171	1	thus	thus	ADV
ajahs-3965	171	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	171	3	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	171	4	strokes	stroke	NOUN
ajahs-3965	171	5	are	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	171	6	left	leave	VERB
ajahs-3965	171	7	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	172	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	172	2	iv	iv	X
ajahs-3965	172	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	172	4	therefore	therefore	ADV
ajahs-3965	172	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	172	6	7	7	NUM
ajahs-3965	172	7	–	–	SYM
ajahs-3965	172	8	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	172	9	=	=	SYM
ajahs-3965	172	10	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	172	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	173	1	this	this	PRON
ajahs-3965	173	2	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	173	3	shown	show	VERB
ajahs-3965	173	4	below	below	ADP
ajahs-3965	173	5	mathematically	mathematically	ADV
ajahs-3965	173	6	;	;	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	173	7	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	173	8	diagram	diagram	NOUN
ajahs-3965	173	9	showing	show	VERB
ajahs-3965	173	10	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	173	11	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	173	12	7	7	NUM
ajahs-3965	173	13	–	–	SYM
ajahs-3965	173	14	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	173	15	=	=	SYM
ajahs-3965	173	16	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	173	17	activity	activity	NOUN
ajahs-3965	173	18	two	two	NUM
ajahs-3965	173	19	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	173	20	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	173	21	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	173	22	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	173	23	9	9	NUM
ajahs-3965	173	24	–	–	SYM
ajahs-3965	173	25	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	173	26	=	=	SYM
ajahs-3965	173	27	steps	step	NOUN
ajahs-3965	173	28	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	173	29	i	i	NOUN
ajahs-3965	173	30	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	173	31	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	173	32	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	173	33	states	state	VERB
ajahs-3965	173	34	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	173	35	9	9	X
ajahs-3965	173	36	–	–	SYM
ajahs-3965	173	37	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	173	38	means	mean	VERB
ajahs-3965	173	39	start	start	VERB
ajahs-3965	173	40	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	173	41	make	make	VERB
ajahs-3965	173	42	9	9	NUM
ajahs-3965	173	43	strokes	stroke	NOUN
ajahs-3965	173	44	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	174	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	174	2	ii	ii	NOUN
ajahs-3965	174	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	174	4	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	174	5	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	174	6	9	9	NUM
ajahs-3965	174	7	strokes	stroke	NOUN
ajahs-3965	174	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	174	9	she	she	PRON
ajahs-3965	174	10	guided	guide	VERB
ajahs-3965	174	11	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	174	12	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	174	13	take	take	VERB
ajahs-3965	174	14	away	away	ADV
ajahs-3965	174	15	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	174	16	strokes	stroke	NOUN
ajahs-3965	174	17	by	by	ADP
ajahs-3965	174	18	canceling	cancel	VERB
ajahs-3965	174	19	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	174	20	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	174	21	strokes	stroke	NOUN
ajahs-3965	174	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	175	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	175	2	iii	iii	X
ajahs-3965	175	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	175	4	she	she	PRON
ajahs-3965	175	5	asked	ask	VERB
ajahs-3965	175	6	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	175	7	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	175	8	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	175	9	count	count	VERB
ajahs-3965	175	10	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	175	11	remaining	remain	VERB
ajahs-3965	175	12	stokes	stoke	NOUN
ajahs-3965	175	13	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	175	14	tell	tell	VERB
ajahs-3965	175	15	how	how	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	175	16	many	many	ADJ
ajahs-3965	175	17	are	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	175	18	left	leave	VERB
ajahs-3965	175	19	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	176	1	thus	thus	ADV
ajahs-3965	176	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	176	3	4	4	NUM
ajahs-3965	176	4	strokes	stroke	NOUN
ajahs-3965	176	5	are	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	176	6	left	leave	VERB
ajahs-3965	176	7	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	177	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	177	2	iv	iv	X
ajahs-3965	177	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	177	4	therefore	therefore	ADV
ajahs-3965	177	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	177	6	9	9	NUM
ajahs-3965	177	7	–	–	SYM
ajahs-3965	177	8	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	177	9	=	=	SYM
ajahs-3965	177	10	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	177	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	178	1	this	this	PRON
ajahs-3965	178	2	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	178	3	shown	show	VERB
ajahs-3965	178	4	below	below	ADP
ajahs-3965	178	5	mathematically	mathematically	ADV
ajahs-3965	178	6	;	;	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	178	7	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	178	8	diagram	diagram	NOUN
ajahs-3965	178	9	showing	show	VERB
ajahs-3965	178	10	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	178	11	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	178	12	9	9	NUM
ajahs-3965	178	13	–	–	SYM
ajahs-3965	178	14	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	178	15	=	=	SYM
ajahs-3965	178	16	4	4	NUM
ajahs-3965	178	17	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	178	18	each	each	PRON
ajahs-3965	178	19	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	178	20	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	178	21	three	three	NUM
ajahs-3965	178	22	weeks	week	NOUN
ajahs-3965	178	23	used	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	178	24	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	178	25	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	178	26	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	178	27	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	178	28	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	178	29	assessed	assess	VERB
ajahs-3965	178	30	at	at	ADP
ajahs-3965	178	31	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	178	32	end	end	NOUN
ajahs-3965	178	33	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	178	34	each	each	DET
ajahs-3965	178	35	lesson	lesson	NOUN
ajahs-3965	178	36	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	179	1	lesson	lesson	NOUN
ajahs-3965	179	2	plans	plan	NOUN
ajahs-3965	179	3	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	179	4	drawn	draw	VERB
ajahs-3965	179	5	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	179	6	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	179	7	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	179	8	process	process	NOUN
ajahs-3965	179	9	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	180	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	180	2	pa	pa	PROPN
ajahs-3965	180	3	ge	ge	PROPN
ajahs-3965	180	4	20	20	NUM
ajahs-3965	180	5	https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajahs	https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajah	NOUN
ajahs-3965	180	6	am	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	180	7	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	181	1	j.	j.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	181	2	arts	arts	PROPN
ajahs-3965	181	3	hum	hum	PROPN
ajahs-3965	181	4	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	182	1	sci	sci	PROPN
ajahs-3965	182	2	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	182	3	4(1	4(1	NOUN
ajahs-3965	182	4	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	182	5	15	15	NUM
ajahs-3965	182	6	-	-	SYM
ajahs-3965	182	7	24	24	NUM
ajahs-3965	182	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	182	9	2025	2025	NUM
ajahs-3965	182	10	samples	sample	NOUN
ajahs-3965	182	11	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	182	12	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	182	13	lesson	lesson	NOUN
ajahs-3965	182	14	plans	plan	NOUN
ajahs-3965	182	15	will	will	AUX
ajahs-3965	182	16	be	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	182	17	shown	show	VERB
ajahs-3965	182	18	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	182	19	appendix	appendix	PROPN
ajahs-3965	182	20	b.	b.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	183	1	post	post	ADJ
ajahs-3965	183	2	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	183	3	intervention	intervention	ADJ
ajahs-3965	183	4	stage	stage	NOUN
ajahs-3965	183	5	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	183	6	six	six	NUM
ajahs-3965	183	7	weeks	week	NOUN
ajahs-3965	183	8	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	183	9	following	follow	VERB
ajahs-3965	183	10	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	183	11	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	183	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	183	13	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	183	14	post	post	NOUN
ajahs-3965	183	15	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	183	16	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	183	17	was	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	183	18	administered	administer	VERB
ajahs-3965	183	19	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	183	20	all	all	DET
ajahs-3965	183	21	38	38	NUM
ajahs-3965	183	22	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	183	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	183	24	challenging	challenge	VERB
ajahs-3965	183	25	them	they	PRON
ajahs-3965	183	26	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	183	27	solve	solve	VERB
ajahs-3965	183	28	five	five	NUM
ajahs-3965	183	29	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	183	30	problems	problem	NOUN
ajahs-3965	183	31	using	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	183	32	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	183	33	bundle	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	183	34	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	183	35	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	183	36	within	within	ADP
ajahs-3965	183	37	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	183	38	same	same	ADJ
ajahs-3965	183	39	25	25	NUM
ajahs-3965	183	40	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	183	41	minute	minute	NOUN
ajahs-3965	183	42	time	time	NOUN
ajahs-3965	183	43	frame	frame	NOUN
ajahs-3965	183	44	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	183	45	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	183	46	pre	pre	NOUN
ajahs-3965	183	47	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	183	48	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	183	49	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	184	1	this	this	PRON
ajahs-3965	184	2	was	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	184	3	done	do	VERB
ajahs-3965	184	4	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	184	5	assess	assess	VERB
ajahs-3965	184	6	whether	whether	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	184	7	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	184	8	implemented	implement	VERB
ajahs-3965	184	9	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	184	10	had	have	VERB
ajahs-3965	184	11	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	184	12	positive	positive	ADJ
ajahs-3965	184	13	impact	impact	NOUN
ajahs-3965	184	14	on	on	ADP
ajahs-3965	184	15	their	their	PRON
ajahs-3965	184	16	performance	performance	NOUN
ajahs-3965	184	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	185	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	185	2	same	same	ADJ
ajahs-3965	185	3	group	group	NOUN
ajahs-3965	185	4	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	185	5	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	185	6	who	who	PRON
ajahs-3965	185	7	took	take	VERB
ajahs-3965	185	8	part	part	NOUN
ajahs-3965	185	9	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	185	10	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	185	11	pre	pre	NOUN
ajahs-3965	185	12	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	185	13	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	185	14	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	185	15	given	give	VERB
ajahs-3965	185	16	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	185	17	post	post	NOUN
ajahs-3965	185	18	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	185	19	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	185	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	185	21	ensuring	ensure	VERB
ajahs-3965	185	22	consistency	consistency	NOUN
ajahs-3965	185	23	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	185	24	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	185	25	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	185	26	process	process	NOUN
ajahs-3965	185	27	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	186	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	186	2	post	post	NOUN
ajahs-3965	186	3	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	186	4	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	186	5	was	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	186	6	conducted	conduct	VERB
ajahs-3965	186	7	over	over	ADP
ajahs-3965	186	8	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	186	9	week	week	NOUN
ajahs-3965	186	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	186	11	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	186	12	two	two	NUM
ajahs-3965	186	13	days	day	NOUN
ajahs-3965	186	14	dedicated	dedicate	VERB
ajahs-3965	186	15	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	186	16	administering	administer	VERB
ajahs-3965	186	17	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	186	18	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	186	19	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	187	1	afterward	afterward	ADV
ajahs-3965	187	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	187	3	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	187	4	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	187	5	collected	collect	VERB
ajahs-3965	187	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	187	7	marked	mark	VERB
ajahs-3965	187	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	187	9	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	187	10	scored	score	VERB
ajahs-3965	187	11	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	187	12	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	187	13	scripts	script	NOUN
ajahs-3965	187	14	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	187	15	analyse	analyse	VERB
ajahs-3965	187	16	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	187	17	results	result	NOUN
ajahs-3965	187	18	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	188	1	data	datum	NOUN
ajahs-3965	188	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajahs-3965	188	3	procedures	procedure	NOUN
ajahs-3965	188	4	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	188	5	pre	pre	NOUN
ajahs-3965	188	6	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	188	7	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	188	8	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	188	9	post	post	ADJ
ajahs-3965	188	10	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	188	11	test	test	ADJ
ajahs-3965	188	12	scores	score	NOUN
ajahs-3965	188	13	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	188	14	analysed	analyse	VERB
ajahs-3965	188	15	using	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	188	16	microsoft	microsoft	PROPN
ajahs-3965	188	17	excel	excel	VERB
ajahs-3965	188	18	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	188	19	an	an	DET
ajahs-3965	188	20	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajahs-3965	188	21	tool	tool	NOUN
ajahs-3965	188	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	189	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	189	2	analysed	analyse	VERB
ajahs-3965	189	3	results	result	NOUN
ajahs-3965	189	4	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	189	5	presented	present	VERB
ajahs-3965	189	6	using	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	189	7	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	189	8	frequency	frequency	NOUN
ajahs-3965	189	9	table	table	NOUN
ajahs-3965	189	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	189	11	percentages	percentage	NOUN
ajahs-3965	189	12	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	189	13	bar	bar	NOUN
ajahs-3965	189	14	charts	chart	NOUN
ajahs-3965	189	15	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	190	1	also	also	ADV
ajahs-3965	190	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	190	3	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	190	4	data	datum	NOUN
ajahs-3965	190	5	collected	collect	VERB
ajahs-3965	190	6	through	through	ADP
ajahs-3965	190	7	observation	observation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	190	8	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	190	9	analyzed	analyze	VERB
ajahs-3965	190	10	using	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	190	11	thematic	thematic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	190	12	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajahs-3965	190	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	191	1	results	result	NOUN
ajahs-3965	191	2	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	191	3	discussions	discussion	NOUN
ajahs-3965	191	4	data	datum	NOUN
ajahs-3965	191	5	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajahs-3965	191	6	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	191	7	primary	primary	ADJ
ajahs-3965	191	8	objective	objective	NOUN
ajahs-3965	191	9	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	191	10	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	191	11	research	research	NOUN
ajahs-3965	191	12	was	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	191	13	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	191	14	assist	assist	VERB
ajahs-3965	191	15	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ajahs-3965	191	16	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	191	17	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	191	18	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	191	19	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	191	20	school	school	NOUN
ajahs-3965	191	21	within	within	ADP
ajahs-3965	191	22	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	191	23	wa	wa	PROPN
ajahs-3965	191	24	municipality	municipality	NOUN
ajahs-3965	191	25	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	191	26	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ajahs-3965	191	27	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	191	28	overcoming	overcome	VERB
ajahs-3965	191	29	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	191	30	related	relate	VERB
ajahs-3965	191	31	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	191	32	subtracting	subtract	VERB
ajahs-3965	191	33	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	191	34	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	191	35	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	191	36	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	191	37	through	through	ADP
ajahs-3965	191	38	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	191	39	use	use	NOUN
ajahs-3965	191	40	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	191	41	bundle	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	191	42	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	191	43	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	191	44	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	192	1	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	192	2	chapter	chapter	NOUN
ajahs-3965	192	3	presents	present	VERB
ajahs-3965	192	4	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	192	5	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
ajahs-3965	192	6	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajahs-3965	192	7	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	192	8	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	192	9	data	datum	NOUN
ajahs-3965	192	10	collected	collect	VERB
ajahs-3965	192	11	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	192	12	38	38	NUM
ajahs-3965	192	13	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	192	14	during	during	ADP
ajahs-3965	192	15	both	both	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	192	16	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	192	17	preintervention	preintervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	192	18	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	192	19	post	post	ADJ
ajahs-3965	192	20	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	192	21	intervention	intervention	ADJ
ajahs-3965	192	22	tests	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	192	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	193	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
ajahs-3965	193	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	193	3	it	it	PRON
ajahs-3965	193	4	delves	delve	VERB
ajahs-3965	193	5	into	into	ADP
ajahs-3965	193	6	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	193	7	findings	finding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	193	8	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	193	9	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	193	10	observational	observational	ADJ
ajahs-3965	193	11	data	datum	NOUN
ajahs-3965	193	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	193	13	providing	provide	VERB
ajahs-3965	193	14	critical	critical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	193	15	insights	insight	NOUN
ajahs-3965	193	16	into	into	ADP
ajahs-3965	193	17	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	193	18	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ajahs-3965	193	19	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	193	20	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	193	21	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	193	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	194	1	presentation	presentation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	194	2	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	194	3	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	194	4	pre	pre	ADJ
ajahs-3965	194	5	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	194	6	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	194	7	results	result	NOUN
ajahs-3965	194	8	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	194	9	pre	pre	ADJ
ajahs-3965	194	10	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	194	11	test	test	ADJ
ajahs-3965	194	12	results	result	NOUN
ajahs-3965	194	13	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	194	14	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	194	15	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	194	16	are	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	194	17	presented	present	VERB
ajahs-3965	194	18	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	194	19	table	table	NOUN
ajahs-3965	194	20	4.1	4.1	NUM
ajahs-3965	194	21	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	195	1	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	195	2	table	table	NOUN
ajahs-3965	195	3	4.1	4.1	NUM
ajahs-3965	195	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	195	5	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	195	6	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	195	7	gave	give	VERB
ajahs-3965	195	8	out	out	ADP
ajahs-3965	195	9	five	five	NUM
ajahs-3965	195	10	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	195	11	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	195	12	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	195	13	questions	question	NOUN
ajahs-3965	195	14	table	table	NOUN
ajahs-3965	195	15	1	1	NUM
ajahs-3965	195	16	:	:	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	195	17	summary	summary	NOUN
ajahs-3965	195	18	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	195	19	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	195	20	’	'	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	195	21	pre	pre	ADJ
ajahs-3965	195	22	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	195	23	test	test	ADJ
ajahs-3965	195	24	results	result	NOUN
ajahs-3965	195	25	marks	mark	VERB
ajahs-3965	195	26	number	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	195	27	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	195	28	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	195	29	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ajahs-3965	195	30	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	195	31	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	195	32	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	195	33	0	0	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	1	4	4	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	2	10.5	10.5	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	3	1	1	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	4	9	9	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	5	23.6	23.6	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	6	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	7	8	8	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	8	21.1	21.1	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	9	3	3	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	10	6	6	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	11	15.8	15.8	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	12	4	4	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	13	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	14	5.3	5.3	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	15	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	16	0	0	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	17	0	0	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	18	6	6	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	19	3	3	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	20	7.9	7.9	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	21	7	7	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	22	4	4	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	23	10.5	10.5	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	24	8	8	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	25	0	0	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	26	0	0	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	27	9	9	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	28	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	29	5.3	5.3	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	30	10	10	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	31	0	0	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	32	0	0	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	33	total	total	NOUN
ajahs-3965	196	34	38	38	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	35	100	100	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	36	table	table	NOUN
ajahs-3965	196	37	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	196	38	:	:	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	197	1	summary	summary	NOUN
ajahs-3965	197	2	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	197	3	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	197	4	post	post	ADJ
ajahs-3965	197	5	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	197	6	test	test	ADJ
ajahs-3965	197	7	results	result	NOUN
ajahs-3965	197	8	marks	mark	VERB
ajahs-3965	197	9	number	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	197	10	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	197	11	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	197	12	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ajahs-3965	197	13	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	197	14	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	197	15	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	197	16	0	0	NUM
ajahs-3965	197	17	0	0	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	1	0.0	0.0	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	2	1	1	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	3	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	4	5.3	5.3	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	5	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	6	7	7	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	7	18.4	18.4	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	8	3	3	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	9	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	10	13.1	13.1	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	11	4	4	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	12	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	13	5.3	5.3	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	14	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	15	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	16	5.3	5.3	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	17	6	6	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	18	3	3	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	19	7.9	7.9	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	20	7	7	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	21	6	6	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	22	15.8	15.8	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	23	8	8	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	24	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	25	13.1	13.1	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	26	9	9	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	27	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	28	5.3	5.3	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	29	10	10	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	30	4	4	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	31	10.5	10.5	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	32	total	total	NOUN
ajahs-3965	198	33	38	38	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	34	100	100	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	35	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	198	36	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	198	37	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	198	38	which	which	PRON
ajahs-3965	198	39	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	198	40	marked	mark	VERB
ajahs-3965	198	41	over	over	ADP
ajahs-3965	198	42	ten	ten	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	43	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	198	44	10	10	NUM
ajahs-3965	198	45	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	198	46	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	199	1	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	199	2	total	total	NOUN
ajahs-3965	199	3	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	199	4	38	38	NUM
ajahs-3965	199	5	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	199	6	participated	participate	VERB
ajahs-3965	199	7	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	199	8	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	199	9	pre	pre	NOUN
ajahs-3965	199	10	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	199	11	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	199	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	199	13	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	199	14	their	their	PRON
ajahs-3965	199	15	performance	performance	NOUN
ajahs-3965	199	16	varies	vary	VERB
ajahs-3965	199	17	significantly	significantly	ADV
ajahs-3965	199	18	across	across	ADP
ajahs-3965	199	19	different	different	ADJ
ajahs-3965	199	20	mark	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	199	21	categories	category	NOUN
ajahs-3965	199	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	200	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	200	2	data	datum	NOUN
ajahs-3965	200	3	revealed	reveal	VERB
ajahs-3965	200	4	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	200	5	4	4	NUM
ajahs-3965	200	6	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	200	7	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	200	8	10.5	10.5	NUM
ajahs-3965	200	9	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	200	10	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	200	11	scored	score	VERB
ajahs-3965	200	12	0	0	NUM
ajahs-3965	200	13	marks	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	200	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	201	1	this	this	PRON
ajahs-3965	201	2	indicates	indicate	VERB
ajahs-3965	201	3	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	201	4	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	201	5	small	small	ADJ
ajahs-3965	201	6	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	201	7	10.5	10.5	NUM
ajahs-3965	201	8	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	201	9	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	201	10	but	but	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	201	11	significant	significant	ADJ
ajahs-3965	201	12	number	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	201	13	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	201	14	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	201	15	struggled	struggle	VERB
ajahs-3965	201	16	significantly	significantly	ADV
ajahs-3965	201	17	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	201	18	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	201	19	pre	pre	NOUN
ajahs-3965	201	20	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	201	21	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	201	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	202	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
ajahs-3965	202	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	202	3	9(23.6	9(23.6	NUM
ajahs-3965	202	4	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	202	5	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	202	6	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	202	7	scored	score	VERB
ajahs-3965	202	8	just	just	ADV
ajahs-3965	202	9	1	1	NUM
ajahs-3965	202	10	mark	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	202	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	202	12	suggesting	suggest	VERB
ajahs-3965	202	13	several	several	ADJ
ajahs-3965	202	14	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	202	15	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	202	16	some	some	PRON
ajahs-3965	202	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	202	18	but	but	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	202	19	very	very	ADV
ajahs-3965	202	20	limited	limited	ADJ
ajahs-3965	202	21	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	202	22	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	202	23	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	202	24	subject	subject	NOUN
ajahs-3965	202	25	matter	matter	NOUN
ajahs-3965	202	26	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	203	1	also	also	ADV
ajahs-3965	203	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	203	3	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	203	4	table	table	NOUN
ajahs-3965	203	5	1	1	NUM
ajahs-3965	203	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	203	7	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	203	8	marks	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	203	9	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	203	10	achieved	achieve	VERB
ajahs-3965	203	11	by	by	ADP
ajahs-3965	203	12	8	8	NUM
ajahs-3965	203	13	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	203	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	203	15	representing	represent	VERB
ajahs-3965	203	16	21.1	21.1	NUM
ajahs-3965	203	17	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	203	18	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	203	19	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	203	20	total	total	NOUN
ajahs-3965	203	21	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	203	22	indicating	indicate	VERB
ajahs-3965	203	23	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	203	24	slightly	slightly	ADV
ajahs-3965	203	25	better	well	ADJ
ajahs-3965	203	26	grasp	grasp	NOUN
ajahs-3965	203	27	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	203	28	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	203	29	content	content	NOUN
ajahs-3965	203	30	compared	compare	VERB
ajahs-3965	203	31	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	203	32	those	those	PRON
ajahs-3965	203	33	who	who	PRON
ajahs-3965	203	34	scored	score	VERB
ajahs-3965	203	35	0	0	NUM
ajahs-3965	203	36	or	or	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	203	37	1	1	NUM
ajahs-3965	203	38	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	203	39	but	but	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	203	40	still	still	ADV
ajahs-3965	203	41	demonstrating	demonstrate	VERB
ajahs-3965	203	42	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	203	43	considerable	considerable	ADJ
ajahs-3965	203	44	need	need	NOUN
ajahs-3965	203	45	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	203	46	improvement	improvement	NOUN
ajahs-3965	203	47	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	204	1	there	there	PRON
ajahs-3965	204	2	is	be	VERB
ajahs-3965	204	3	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	204	4	noticeable	noticeable	ADJ
ajahs-3965	204	5	drop	drop	NOUN
ajahs-3965	204	6	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	204	7	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	204	8	number	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	204	9	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	204	10	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	204	11	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	204	12	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	204	13	marks	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	204	14	increase	increase	VERB
ajahs-3965	204	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	204	16	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	204	17	6	6	NUM
ajahs-3965	204	18	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	204	19	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	204	20	15.8	15.8	NUM
ajahs-3965	204	21	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	204	22	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	204	23	scoring	score	VERB
ajahs-3965	204	24	3	3	NUM
ajahs-3965	204	25	marks	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	204	26	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	204	27	only	only	ADV
ajahs-3965	204	28	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	204	29	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	204	30	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	204	31	5.3	5.3	NUM
ajahs-3965	204	32	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	204	33	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	204	34	managing	manage	VERB
ajahs-3965	204	35	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	204	36	achieve	achieve	VERB
ajahs-3965	204	37	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	204	38	score	score	NOUN
ajahs-3965	204	39	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	204	40	4	4	NUM
ajahs-3965	204	41	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	205	1	interestingly	interestingly	ADV
ajahs-3965	205	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	205	3	no	no	DET
ajahs-3965	205	4	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	205	5	scored	score	VERB
ajahs-3965	205	6	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	205	7	or	or	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	205	8	8	8	NUM
ajahs-3965	205	9	marks	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	205	10	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	206	1	however	however	ADV
ajahs-3965	206	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	206	3	there	there	PRON
ajahs-3965	206	4	were	be	VERB
ajahs-3965	206	5	3	3	NUM
ajahs-3965	206	6	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	206	7	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	206	8	7.9	7.9	NUM
ajahs-3965	206	9	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	206	10	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	206	11	who	who	PRON
ajahs-3965	206	12	scored	score	VERB
ajahs-3965	206	13	6	6	NUM
ajahs-3965	206	14	marks	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	206	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	206	16	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	206	17	another	another	DET
ajahs-3965	206	18	4	4	NUM
ajahs-3965	206	19	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	206	20	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	206	21	10.5	10.5	NUM
ajahs-3965	206	22	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	206	23	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	206	24	who	who	PRON
ajahs-3965	206	25	scored	score	VERB
ajahs-3965	206	26	7	7	NUM
ajahs-3965	206	27	marks	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	206	28	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	207	1	this	this	PRON
ajahs-3965	207	2	suggests	suggest	VERB
ajahs-3965	207	3	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	207	4	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	207	5	small	small	ADJ
ajahs-3965	207	6	18.4	18.4	NUM
ajahs-3965	207	7	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	207	8	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	207	9	7.9	7.9	NUM
ajahs-3965	207	10	+	+	NUM
ajahs-3965	207	11	10.5	10.5	NUM
ajahs-3965	207	12	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	207	13	group	group	NOUN
ajahs-3965	207	14	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	207	15	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	207	16	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	207	17	have	have	VERB
ajahs-3965	207	18	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	207	19	moderately	moderately	ADV
ajahs-3965	207	20	good	good	ADJ
ajahs-3965	207	21	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	207	22	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	207	23	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	207	24	concept	concept	NOUN
ajahs-3965	207	25	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	207	26	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	207	27	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	207	28	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	207	29	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	207	30	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	207	31	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	207	32	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	208	1	only	only	ADV
ajahs-3965	208	2	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	208	3	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	208	4	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	208	5	5.3	5.3	NUM
ajahs-3965	208	6	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	208	7	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	208	8	achieved	achieve	VERB
ajahs-3965	208	9	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	208	10	score	score	NOUN
ajahs-3965	208	11	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	208	12	9	9	NUM
ajahs-3965	208	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	208	14	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	208	15	no	no	DET
ajahs-3965	208	16	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	208	17	attained	attain	VERB
ajahs-3965	208	18	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	208	19	full	full	ADJ
ajahs-3965	208	20	score	score	NOUN
ajahs-3965	208	21	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	208	22	10	10	NUM
ajahs-3965	208	23	marks	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	208	24	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	208	25	indicating	indicate	VERB
ajahs-3965	208	26	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	208	27	while	while	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	208	28	there	there	PRON
ajahs-3965	208	29	are	be	VERB
ajahs-3965	208	30	some	some	DET
ajahs-3965	208	31	23.7	23.7	NUM
ajahs-3965	208	32	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	208	33	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	208	34	5.3	5.3	NUM
ajahs-3965	208	35	+	+	NUM
ajahs-3965	208	36	7.9	7.9	NUM
ajahs-3965	208	37	+	+	NUM
ajahs-3965	208	38	10.5	10.5	NUM
ajahs-3965	208	39	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	208	40	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	208	41	who	who	PRON
ajahs-3965	208	42	have	have	VERB
ajahs-3965	208	43	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	208	44	relatively	relatively	ADV
ajahs-3965	208	45	strong	strong	ADJ
ajahs-3965	208	46	grasp	grasp	NOUN
ajahs-3965	208	47	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	208	48	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	208	49	content	content	NOUN
ajahs-3965	208	50	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	208	51	there	there	PRON
ajahs-3965	208	52	is	be	VERB
ajahs-3965	208	53	still	still	ADV
ajahs-3965	208	54	room	room	NOUN
ajahs-3965	208	55	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	208	56	improvement	improvement	NOUN
ajahs-3965	208	57	even	even	ADV
ajahs-3965	208	58	among	among	ADP
ajahs-3965	208	59	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	208	60	higher	high	ADJ
ajahs-3965	208	61	achievers	achiever	NOUN
ajahs-3965	208	62	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	209	1	generally	generally	ADV
ajahs-3965	209	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	209	3	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	209	4	pre	pre	ADJ
ajahs-3965	209	5	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	209	6	test	test	ADJ
ajahs-3965	209	7	results	result	NOUN
ajahs-3965	209	8	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
ajahs-3965	209	9	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	209	10	wide	wide	ADJ
ajahs-3965	209	11	range	range	NOUN
ajahs-3965	209	12	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	209	13	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	209	14	among	among	ADP
ajahs-3965	209	15	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	209	16	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	209	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	209	18	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	209	19	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	209	20	majority	majority	NOUN
ajahs-3965	209	21	76.3	76.3	NUM
ajahs-3965	209	22	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	209	23	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	209	24	10.5	10.5	NUM
ajahs-3965	209	25	+	+	NUM
ajahs-3965	209	26	23.6	23.6	NUM
ajahs-3965	209	27	+	+	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	209	28	21.1	21.1	NUM
ajahs-3965	209	29	+	+	NUM
ajahs-3965	209	30	15.8	15.8	NUM
ajahs-3965	209	31	+	+	NUM
ajahs-3965	209	32	5.3	5.3	NUM
ajahs-3965	209	33	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	209	34	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	209	35	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	209	36	scored	score	VERB
ajahs-3965	209	37	below	below	ADP
ajahs-3965	209	38	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	209	39	pass	pass	NOUN
ajahs-3965	209	40	mark	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	209	41	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	209	42	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	209	43	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	210	1	this	this	PRON
ajahs-3965	210	2	suggests	suggest	VERB
ajahs-3965	210	3	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	210	4	need	need	NOUN
ajahs-3965	210	5	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	210	6	focused	focused	ADJ
ajahs-3965	210	7	instructional	instructional	ADJ
ajahs-3965	210	8	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	210	9	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	210	10	help	help	VERB
ajahs-3965	210	11	improve	improve	VERB
ajahs-3965	210	12	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	210	13	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	210	14	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	210	15	performance	performance	NOUN
ajahs-3965	210	16	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	210	17	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	210	18	majority	majority	NOUN
ajahs-3965	210	19	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	210	20	76.3	76.3	NUM
ajahs-3965	210	21	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	210	22	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	210	23	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	210	24	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	210	25	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	210	26	particularly	particularly	ADV
ajahs-3965	210	27	those	those	PRON
ajahs-3965	210	28	who	who	PRON
ajahs-3965	210	29	faced	face	VERB
ajahs-3965	210	30	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	210	31	most	most	ADJ
ajahs-3965	210	32	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	210	33	during	during	ADP
ajahs-3965	210	34	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	210	35	pre	pre	NOUN
ajahs-3965	210	36	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	210	37	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	210	38	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	211	1	presentation	presentation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	211	2	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	211	3	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	211	4	post	post	ADJ
ajahs-3965	211	5	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	211	6	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	211	7	results	result	VERB
ajahs-3965	211	8	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	211	9	post	post	ADJ
ajahs-3965	211	10	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	211	11	test	test	ADJ
ajahs-3965	211	12	results	result	NOUN
ajahs-3965	211	13	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	211	14	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	211	15	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	211	16	are	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	211	17	presented	present	VERB
ajahs-3965	211	18	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	211	19	table	table	NOUN
ajahs-3965	211	20	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	211	21	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	211	22	source	source	NOUN
ajahs-3965	211	23	:	:	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	211	24	field	field	NOUN
ajahs-3965	211	25	survey	survey	NOUN
ajahs-3965	211	26	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	211	27	2024	2024	NUM
ajahs-3965	211	28	pa	pa	PROPN
ajahs-3965	211	29	ge	ge	PROPN
ajahs-3965	211	30	21	21	NUM
ajahs-3965	211	31	https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajahs	https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajah	NOUN
ajahs-3965	211	32	am	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	211	33	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	212	1	j.	j.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	212	2	arts	arts	PROPN
ajahs-3965	212	3	hum	hum	PROPN
ajahs-3965	212	4	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	213	1	sci	sci	PROPN
ajahs-3965	213	2	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	213	3	4(1	4(1	NOUN
ajahs-3965	213	4	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	213	5	15	15	NUM
ajahs-3965	213	6	-	-	SYM
ajahs-3965	213	7	24	24	NUM
ajahs-3965	213	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	213	9	2025	2025	NUM
ajahs-3965	213	10	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	213	11	data	datum	NOUN
ajahs-3965	213	12	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	213	13	table	table	NOUN
ajahs-3965	213	14	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	213	15	provides	provide	VERB
ajahs-3965	213	16	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	213	17	summary	summary	NOUN
ajahs-3965	213	18	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	213	19	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	213	20	posttest	postt	ADJ
ajahs-3965	213	21	results	result	NOUN
ajahs-3965	213	22	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	213	23	38	38	NUM
ajahs-3965	213	24	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	213	25	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	214	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	214	2	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	214	3	gave	give	VERB
ajahs-3965	214	4	out	out	ADP
ajahs-3965	214	5	five	five	NUM
ajahs-3965	214	6	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	214	7	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	214	8	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	214	9	questions	question	NOUN
ajahs-3965	214	10	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	214	11	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	214	12	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	214	13	which	which	PRON
ajahs-3965	214	14	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	214	15	marked	mark	VERB
ajahs-3965	214	16	over	over	ADP
ajahs-3965	214	17	ten	ten	NUM
ajahs-3965	214	18	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	214	19	10	10	NUM
ajahs-3965	214	20	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	214	21	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	215	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	215	2	distribution	distribution	NOUN
ajahs-3965	215	3	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	215	4	marks	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	215	5	ranges	range	VERB
ajahs-3965	215	6	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	215	7	0	0	NUM
ajahs-3965	215	8	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	215	9	10	10	NUM
ajahs-3965	215	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	215	11	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	215	12	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	215	13	number	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	215	14	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	215	15	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	215	16	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	215	17	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	215	18	corresponding	corresponding	ADJ
ajahs-3965	215	19	percentages	percentage	NOUN
ajahs-3965	215	20	provided	provide	VERB
ajahs-3965	215	21	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	215	22	each	each	DET
ajahs-3965	215	23	score	score	NOUN
ajahs-3965	215	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	216	1	firstly	firstly	ADV
ajahs-3965	216	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	216	3	no	no	DET
ajahs-3965	216	4	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	216	5	scored	score	VERB
ajahs-3965	216	6	0	0	NUM
ajahs-3965	216	7	marks	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	216	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	216	9	which	which	PRON
ajahs-3965	216	10	suggest	suggest	VERB
ajahs-3965	216	11	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	216	12	all	all	DET
ajahs-3965	216	13	participants	participant	NOUN
ajahs-3965	216	14	who	who	PRON
ajahs-3965	216	15	sat	sit	VERB
ajahs-3965	216	16	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	216	17	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	216	18	post	post	ADJ
ajahs-3965	216	19	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	216	20	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	216	21	managed	manage	VERB
ajahs-3965	216	22	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	216	23	secure	secure	VERB
ajahs-3965	216	24	at	at	ADV
ajahs-3965	216	25	least	least	ADV
ajahs-3965	216	26	1	1	NUM
ajahs-3965	216	27	mark	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	216	28	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	217	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	217	2	lowest	low	ADJ
ajahs-3965	217	3	scores	score	NOUN
ajahs-3965	217	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	217	5	1	1	NUM
ajahs-3965	217	6	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	217	7	4	4	NUM
ajahs-3965	217	8	marks	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	217	9	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	217	10	each	each	PRON
ajahs-3965	217	11	obtained	obtain	VERB
ajahs-3965	217	12	by	by	ADP
ajahs-3965	217	13	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	217	14	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	217	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	217	16	accounting	account	VERB
ajahs-3965	217	17	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	217	18	5.3	5.3	NUM
ajahs-3965	217	19	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	217	20	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	217	21	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	217	22	total	total	ADJ
ajahs-3965	217	23	participants	participant	NOUN
ajahs-3965	217	24	respectively	respectively	ADV
ajahs-3965	217	25	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	218	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
ajahs-3965	218	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	218	3	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	218	4	scores	score	NOUN
ajahs-3965	218	5	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	218	6	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	218	7	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	218	8	9	9	NUM
ajahs-3965	218	9	marks	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	218	10	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	218	11	also	also	ADV
ajahs-3965	218	12	each	each	PRON
ajahs-3965	218	13	achieved	achieve	VERB
ajahs-3965	218	14	by	by	ADP
ajahs-3965	218	15	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	218	16	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	218	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	218	18	making	make	VERB
ajahs-3965	218	19	up	up	ADP
ajahs-3965	218	20	another	another	DET
ajahs-3965	218	21	5.3	5.3	NUM
ajahs-3965	218	22	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	218	23	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	218	24	each	each	DET
ajahs-3965	218	25	score	score	NOUN
ajahs-3965	218	26	category	category	NOUN
ajahs-3965	218	27	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	219	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
ajahs-3965	219	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	219	3	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	219	4	most	most	ADV
ajahs-3965	219	5	common	common	ADJ
ajahs-3965	219	6	score	score	NOUN
ajahs-3965	219	7	was	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	219	8	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	219	9	marks	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	219	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	219	11	achieved	achieve	VERB
ajahs-3965	219	12	by	by	ADP
ajahs-3965	219	13	7	7	NUM
ajahs-3965	219	14	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	219	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	219	16	which	which	PRON
ajahs-3965	219	17	constitutes	constitute	VERB
ajahs-3965	219	18	18.4	18.4	NUM
ajahs-3965	219	19	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	219	20	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	219	21	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	219	22	total	total	NOUN
ajahs-3965	219	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	220	1	this	this	PRON
ajahs-3965	220	2	indicates	indicate	VERB
ajahs-3965	220	3	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	220	4	relatively	relatively	ADV
ajahs-3965	220	5	high	high	ADJ
ajahs-3965	220	6	number	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	220	7	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	220	8	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	220	9	at	at	ADP
ajahs-3965	220	10	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	220	11	lower	low	ADJ
ajahs-3965	220	12	end	end	NOUN
ajahs-3965	220	13	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	220	14	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	220	15	scoring	scoring	NOUN
ajahs-3965	220	16	range	range	NOUN
ajahs-3965	220	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	221	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	221	2	second	second	ADJ
ajahs-3965	221	3	most	most	ADV
ajahs-3965	221	4	frequent	frequent	ADJ
ajahs-3965	221	5	score	score	NOUN
ajahs-3965	221	6	was	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	221	7	7	7	NUM
ajahs-3965	221	8	marks	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	221	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	221	10	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	221	11	6	6	NUM
ajahs-3965	221	12	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	221	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	221	14	representing	represent	VERB
ajahs-3965	221	15	15.8	15.8	NUM
ajahs-3965	221	16	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	221	17	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	221	18	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	221	19	participants	participant	NOUN
ajahs-3965	221	20	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	222	1	scores	score	NOUN
ajahs-3965	222	2	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	222	3	3	3	NUM
ajahs-3965	222	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	222	5	8	8	NUM
ajahs-3965	222	6	marks	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	222	7	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	222	8	both	both	PRON
ajahs-3965	222	9	attained	attain	VERB
ajahs-3965	222	10	by	by	ADP
ajahs-3965	222	11	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	222	12	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	222	13	each	each	PRON
ajahs-3965	222	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	222	15	representing	represent	VERB
ajahs-3965	222	16	13.1	13.1	NUM
ajahs-3965	222	17	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	222	18	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	222	19	each	each	DET
ajahs-3965	222	20	score	score	NOUN
ajahs-3965	222	21	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	223	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
ajahs-3965	223	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	223	3	3	3	NUM
ajahs-3965	223	4	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	223	5	scored	score	VERB
ajahs-3965	223	6	6	6	NUM
ajahs-3965	223	7	marks	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	223	8	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	223	9	7.9	7.9	NUM
ajahs-3965	223	10	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	223	11	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	223	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	223	13	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	223	14	4	4	NUM
ajahs-3965	223	15	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	223	16	achieved	achieve	VERB
ajahs-3965	223	17	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	223	18	perfect	perfect	ADJ
ajahs-3965	223	19	score	score	NOUN
ajahs-3965	223	20	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	223	21	10	10	NUM
ajahs-3965	223	22	marks	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	223	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	223	24	representing	represent	VERB
ajahs-3965	223	25	10.5	10.5	NUM
ajahs-3965	223	26	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	223	27	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	223	28	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	223	29	total	total	NOUN
ajahs-3965	223	30	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	224	1	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	224	2	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
ajahs-3965	224	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	224	4	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	224	5	data	datum	NOUN
ajahs-3965	224	6	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	224	7	table	table	NOUN
ajahs-3965	224	8	4.2	4.2	NUM
ajahs-3965	224	9	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
ajahs-3965	224	10	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	224	11	varied	varied	ADJ
ajahs-3965	224	12	performance	performance	NOUN
ajahs-3965	224	13	among	among	ADP
ajahs-3965	224	14	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	224	15	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	224	16	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	225	1	this	this	PRON
ajahs-3965	225	2	indicates	indicate	VERB
ajahs-3965	225	3	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	225	4	while	while	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	225	5	16(42.1	16(42.1	NUM
ajahs-3965	225	6	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	225	7	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	225	8	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	225	9	have	have	AUX
ajahs-3965	225	10	struggled	struggle	VERB
ajahs-3965	225	11	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	225	12	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	225	13	post	post	NOUN
ajahs-3965	225	14	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	225	15	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	225	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	225	17	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	225	18	substantial	substantial	ADJ
ajahs-3965	225	19	number	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	225	20	22(57.9	22(57.9	NUM
ajahs-3965	225	21	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	225	22	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	225	23	achieved	achieve	VERB
ajahs-3965	225	24	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	225	25	pass	pass	NOUN
ajahs-3965	225	26	mark	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	225	27	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	225	28	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	225	29	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	225	30	above	above	ADV
ajahs-3965	225	31	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	225	32	reflecting	reflect	VERB
ajahs-3965	225	33	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	225	34	mixed	mixed	ADJ
ajahs-3965	225	35	level	level	NOUN
ajahs-3965	225	36	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	225	37	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	225	38	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	225	39	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
ajahs-3965	225	40	within	within	ADP
ajahs-3965	225	41	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	225	42	class	class	NOUN
ajahs-3965	225	43	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	226	1	comparison	comparison	NOUN
ajahs-3965	226	2	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	226	3	pre	pre	ADJ
ajahs-3965	226	4	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	226	5	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	226	6	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	226	7	post	post	ADJ
ajahs-3965	226	8	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	226	9	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	226	10	results	result	NOUN
ajahs-3965	226	11	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	226	12	comparison	comparison	NOUN
ajahs-3965	226	13	between	between	ADP
ajahs-3965	226	14	pre	pre	NOUN
ajahs-3965	226	15	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	226	16	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	226	17	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	226	18	post	post	ADJ
ajahs-3965	226	19	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	226	20	test	test	ADJ
ajahs-3965	226	21	results	result	NOUN
ajahs-3965	226	22	provides	provide	VERB
ajahs-3965	226	23	insight	insight	NOUN
ajahs-3965	226	24	into	into	ADP
ajahs-3965	226	25	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	226	26	impact	impact	NOUN
ajahs-3965	226	27	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	226	28	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	226	29	instructional	instructional	ADJ
ajahs-3965	226	30	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	226	31	on	on	ADP
ajahs-3965	226	32	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	226	33	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	226	34	’	'	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	226	35	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	226	36	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	226	37	performance	performance	NOUN
ajahs-3965	226	38	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	227	1	table	table	NOUN
ajahs-3965	227	2	4.3	4.3	NUM
ajahs-3965	227	3	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	227	4	4.4	4.4	NUM
ajahs-3965	227	5	depicts	depict	VERB
ajahs-3965	227	6	distribution	distribution	NOUN
ajahs-3965	227	7	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	227	8	scores	score	NOUN
ajahs-3965	227	9	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	227	10	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	227	11	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	227	12	pre	pre	NOUN
ajahs-3965	227	13	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	227	14	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	227	15	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	227	16	post	post	NOUN
ajahs-3965	227	17	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	227	18	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	227	19	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	228	1	table	table	NOUN
ajahs-3965	228	2	3	3	NUM
ajahs-3965	228	3	:	:	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	229	1	lowest	low	ADJ
ajahs-3965	229	2	scores	score	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	3	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	229	4	0	0	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	5	-	-	SYM
ajahs-3965	229	6	4	4	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	7	marks	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	8	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	229	9	marks	mark	VERB
ajahs-3965	229	10	pre	pre	ADJ
ajahs-3965	229	11	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	229	12	test	test	ADJ
ajahs-3965	229	13	pre	pre	ADJ
ajahs-3965	229	14	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	229	15	test	test	ADJ
ajahs-3965	229	16	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	17	post	post	ADJ
ajahs-3965	229	18	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	229	19	test	test	ADJ
ajahs-3965	229	20	post	post	ADJ
ajahs-3965	229	21	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	229	22	test	test	ADJ
ajahs-3965	229	23	percent	percent	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	24	0	0	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	25	4	4	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	26	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	27	10.5	10.5	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	28	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	29	0	0	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	30	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	31	0.0	0.0	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	32	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	33	1	1	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	34	9	9	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	35	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	36	23.6	23.6	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	37	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	38	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	39	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	40	5.3	5.3	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	41	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	42	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	43	8	8	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	44	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	45	21.1	21.1	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	46	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	47	7	7	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	48	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	49	18.4	18.4	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	50	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	51	3	3	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	52	6	6	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	53	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	54	15.8	15.8	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	55	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	56	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	57	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	58	13.1	13.1	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	59	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	60	4	4	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	61	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	62	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	63	5.3	5.3	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	64	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	65	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	66	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	67	5.3	5.3	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	68	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	69	total	total	ADJ
ajahs-3965	229	70	29	29	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	71	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	72	76.3	76.3	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	73	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	74	16	16	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	75	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	76	42.1	42.1	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	77	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	78	table	table	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	79	4	4	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	80	:	:	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	229	81	highest	high	ADJ
ajahs-3965	229	82	scores	score	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	83	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	229	84	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	85	-	-	SYM
ajahs-3965	229	86	10	10	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	87	marks	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	88	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	229	89	marks	mark	VERB
ajahs-3965	229	90	pre	pre	ADJ
ajahs-3965	229	91	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	229	92	test	test	ADJ
ajahs-3965	229	93	pre	pre	ADJ
ajahs-3965	229	94	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	229	95	test	test	ADJ
ajahs-3965	229	96	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	97	post	post	ADJ
ajahs-3965	229	98	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	229	99	test	test	ADJ
ajahs-3965	229	100	post	post	ADJ
ajahs-3965	229	101	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	229	102	test	test	ADJ
ajahs-3965	229	103	percent	percent	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	104	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	105	0	0	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	106	pupil	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	107	0.0	0.0	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	108	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	109	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	110	pupil	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	111	5.3	5.3	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	112	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	113	6	6	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	114	3	3	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	115	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	116	7.9	7.9	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	117	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	118	3	3	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	119	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	120	7.9	7.9	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	121	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	122	7	7	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	123	4	4	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	124	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	125	10.5	10.5	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	126	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	127	6	6	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	128	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	129	15.8	15.8	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	130	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	131	8	8	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	132	0	0	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	133	pupil	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	134	0.0	0.0	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	135	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	136	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	137	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	138	13.1	13.1	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	139	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	140	9	9	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	141	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	142	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	143	5.3	5.3	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	144	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	145	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	146	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	147	5.3	5.3	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	148	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	149	10	10	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	150	0	0	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	151	pupil	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	152	0.0	0.0	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	153	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	154	4	4	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	155	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	156	10.5	10.5	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	157	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	158	total	total	ADJ
ajahs-3965	229	159	9	9	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	160	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	161	23.7	23.7	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	162	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	163	22	22	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	164	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	165	57.9	57.9	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	166	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	167	source	source	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	168	:	:	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	229	169	field	field	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	170	survey	survey	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	171	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	229	172	2024	2024	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	173	out	out	ADP
ajahs-3965	229	174	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	229	175	38	38	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	176	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	177	who	who	PRON
ajahs-3965	229	178	took	take	VERB
ajahs-3965	229	179	both	both	DET
ajahs-3965	229	180	pre	pre	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	181	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	182	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	183	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	229	184	post	post	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	185	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	186	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	187	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	229	188	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	229	189	table	table	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	190	4.3	4.3	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	191	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	229	192	29(76.3	29(76.3	ADJ
ajahs-3965	229	193	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	194	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	229	195	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	196	failed	fail	VERB
ajahs-3965	229	197	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	229	198	pre	pre	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	199	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	200	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	201	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	229	202	16(42.1	16(42.1	NUM
ajahs-3965	229	203	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	204	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	229	205	failed	fail	VERB
ajahs-3965	229	206	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	229	207	post	post	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	208	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	209	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	229	210	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	230	1	the	the	PRON
ajahs-3965	230	2	suggests	suggest	VERB
ajahs-3965	230	3	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	230	4	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	230	5	number	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	230	6	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	230	7	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	230	8	scoring	score	VERB
ajahs-3965	230	9	between	between	ADP
ajahs-3965	230	10	0	0	NUM
ajahs-3965	230	11	–	–	SYM
ajahs-3965	230	12	4	4	NUM
ajahs-3965	230	13	marks	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	230	14	decreased	decrease	VERB
ajahs-3965	230	15	significantly	significantly	ADV
ajahs-3965	230	16	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	230	17	29	29	NUM
ajahs-3965	230	18	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	230	19	76.3	76.3	NUM
ajahs-3965	230	20	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	230	21	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	230	22	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	230	23	16	16	NUM
ajahs-3965	230	24	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	230	25	42.1	42.1	NUM
ajahs-3965	230	26	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	230	27	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	230	28	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	230	29	indicating	indicate	VERB
ajahs-3965	230	30	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	230	31	notable	notable	ADJ
ajahs-3965	230	32	improvement	improvement	NOUN
ajahs-3965	230	33	among	among	ADP
ajahs-3965	230	34	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	230	35	lowerperforming	lowerperforming	NOUN
ajahs-3965	230	36	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	230	37	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	230	38	both	both	DET
ajahs-3965	230	39	pre	pre	NOUN
ajahs-3965	230	40	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	230	41	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	230	42	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	230	43	post	post	NOUN
ajahs-3965	230	44	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	230	45	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	230	46	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	231	1	out	out	ADP
ajahs-3965	231	2	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	231	3	38	38	NUM
ajahs-3965	231	4	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	231	5	who	who	PRON
ajahs-3965	231	6	took	take	VERB
ajahs-3965	231	7	both	both	DET
ajahs-3965	231	8	pre	pre	NOUN
ajahs-3965	231	9	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	231	10	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	231	11	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	231	12	post	post	NOUN
ajahs-3965	231	13	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	231	14	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	231	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	231	16	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	231	17	table	table	NOUN
ajahs-3965	231	18	4.4	4.4	NUM
ajahs-3965	231	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	231	20	9(23.7	9(23.7	NOUN
ajahs-3965	231	21	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	231	22	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	231	23	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	231	24	passed	pass	VERB
ajahs-3965	231	25	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	231	26	pre	pre	NOUN
ajahs-3965	231	27	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	231	28	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	231	29	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	231	30	22(57.9	22(57.9	NUM
ajahs-3965	231	31	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	231	32	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	231	33	passed	pass	VERB
ajahs-3965	231	34	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	231	35	post	post	NOUN
ajahs-3965	231	36	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	231	37	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	231	38	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	232	1	this	this	PRON
ajahs-3965	232	2	suggests	suggest	VERB
ajahs-3965	232	3	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	232	4	there	there	PRON
ajahs-3965	232	5	was	be	VERB
ajahs-3965	232	6	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	232	7	significant	significant	ADJ
ajahs-3965	232	8	increase	increase	NOUN
ajahs-3965	232	9	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	232	10	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	232	11	number	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	232	12	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	232	13	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	232	14	passing	pass	VERB
ajahs-3965	232	15	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	232	16	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	232	17	post	post	NOUN
ajahs-3965	232	18	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	232	19	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	232	20	than	than	ADP
ajahs-3965	232	21	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	232	22	pre	pre	NOUN
ajahs-3965	232	23	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	232	24	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	232	25	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	232	26	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	232	27	9(23.7	9(23.7	NOUN
ajahs-3965	232	28	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	232	29	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	232	30	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	232	31	22(57.9	22(57.9	NUM
ajahs-3965	232	32	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	232	33	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	232	34	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	232	35	reflecting	reflect	VERB
ajahs-3965	232	36	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	232	37	considerable	considerable	ADJ
ajahs-3965	232	38	improvement	improvement	NOUN
ajahs-3965	232	39	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	232	40	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	232	41	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	232	42	performance	performance	NOUN
ajahs-3965	232	43	among	among	ADP
ajahs-3965	232	44	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	232	45	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	232	46	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	233	1	based	base	VERB
ajahs-3965	233	2	on	on	ADP
ajahs-3965	233	3	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	233	4	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajahs-3965	233	5	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	233	6	pre	pre	NOUN
ajahs-3965	233	7	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	233	8	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	233	9	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	233	10	post	post	ADJ
ajahs-3965	233	11	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	233	12	test	test	ADJ
ajahs-3965	233	13	results	result	NOUN
ajahs-3965	233	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	233	15	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	233	16	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	233	17	observed	observe	VERB
ajahs-3965	233	18	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	233	19	moderate	moderate	ADJ
ajahs-3965	233	20	decrease	decrease	NOUN
ajahs-3965	233	21	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	233	22	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	233	23	number	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	233	24	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	233	25	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	233	26	scoring	score	VERB
ajahs-3965	233	27	between	between	ADP
ajahs-3965	233	28	0	0	NUM
ajahs-3965	233	29	-	-	SYM
ajahs-3965	233	30	4	4	NUM
ajahs-3965	233	31	marks	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	233	32	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	233	33	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	233	34	76.3	76.3	NUM
ajahs-3965	233	35	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	233	36	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	233	37	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	233	38	pre	pre	NOUN
ajahs-3965	233	39	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	233	40	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	233	41	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	233	42	42.1	42.1	NUM
ajahs-3965	233	43	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	233	44	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	233	45	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	233	46	post	post	NOUN
ajahs-3965	233	47	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	233	48	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	233	49	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	234	1	this	this	PRON
ajahs-3965	234	2	suggests	suggest	VERB
ajahs-3965	234	3	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	234	4	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	234	5	instructional	instructional	ADJ
ajahs-3965	234	6	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	234	7	significantly	significantly	ADV
ajahs-3965	234	8	helped	help	VERB
ajahs-3965	234	9	struggling	struggle	VERB
ajahs-3965	234	10	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	234	11	improve	improve	VERB
ajahs-3965	234	12	their	their	PRON
ajahs-3965	234	13	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	234	14	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	234	15	performance	performance	NOUN
ajahs-3965	234	16	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	235	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
ajahs-3965	235	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	235	3	there	there	PRON
ajahs-3965	235	4	was	be	VERB
ajahs-3965	235	5	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	235	6	notable	notable	ADJ
ajahs-3965	235	7	improvement	improvement	NOUN
ajahs-3965	235	8	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	235	9	pupil	pupil	ADJ
ajahs-3965	235	10	performance	performance	NOUN
ajahs-3965	235	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	235	12	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	235	13	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	235	14	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ajahs-3965	235	15	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	235	16	students	student	NOUN
ajahs-3965	235	17	scoring	score	VERB
ajahs-3965	235	18	between	between	ADP
ajahs-3965	235	19	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	235	20	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	235	21	10	10	NUM
ajahs-3965	235	22	marks	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	235	23	rising	rise	VERB
ajahs-3965	235	24	significantly	significantly	ADV
ajahs-3965	235	25	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	235	26	23.7	23.7	NUM
ajahs-3965	235	27	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	235	28	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	235	29	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	235	30	pre	pre	NOUN
ajahs-3965	235	31	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	235	32	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	235	33	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	235	34	57.9	57.9	NUM
ajahs-3965	235	35	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	235	36	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	235	37	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	235	38	post	post	NOUN
ajahs-3965	235	39	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	235	40	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	235	41	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	236	1	impressively	impressively	ADV
ajahs-3965	236	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	236	3	four	four	NUM
ajahs-3965	236	4	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	236	5	achieved	achieve	VERB
ajahs-3965	236	6	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	236	7	perfect	perfect	ADJ
ajahs-3965	236	8	score	score	NOUN
ajahs-3965	236	9	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	236	10	10	10	NUM
ajahs-3965	236	11	marks	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	236	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	237	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	237	2	comparison	comparison	NOUN
ajahs-3965	237	3	between	between	ADP
ajahs-3965	237	4	pre	pre	NOUN
ajahs-3965	237	5	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	237	6	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	237	7	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	237	8	post	post	ADJ
ajahs-3965	237	9	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	237	10	test	test	ADJ
ajahs-3965	237	11	results	result	NOUN
ajahs-3965	237	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	237	13	particularly	particularly	ADV
ajahs-3965	237	14	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	237	15	increase	increase	NOUN
ajahs-3965	237	16	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	237	17	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	237	18	passing	pass	VERB
ajahs-3965	237	19	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	237	20	higher	high	ADJ
ajahs-3965	237	21	marks	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	237	22	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	237	23	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	237	24	reduction	reduction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	237	25	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	237	26	those	those	PRON
ajahs-3965	237	27	failing	fail	VERB
ajahs-3965	237	28	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	237	29	highlights	highlight	VERB
ajahs-3965	237	30	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	237	31	clear	clear	ADJ
ajahs-3965	237	32	improvement	improvement	NOUN
ajahs-3965	237	33	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	238	1	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	238	2	positive	positive	ADJ
ajahs-3965	238	3	shift	shift	NOUN
ajahs-3965	238	4	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
ajahs-3965	238	5	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	238	6	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	238	7	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	238	8	was	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	238	9	effective	effective	ADJ
ajahs-3965	238	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	238	11	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	238	12	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	238	13	majority	majority	NOUN
ajahs-3965	238	14	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	238	15	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	238	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	238	17	22	22	NUM
ajahs-3965	238	18	out	out	ADP
ajahs-3965	238	19	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	238	20	38	38	NUM
ajahs-3965	238	21	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	238	22	57.9	57.9	NUM
ajahs-3965	238	23	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	238	24	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	238	25	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	238	26	showed	show	VERB
ajahs-3965	238	27	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	238	28	strong	strong	ADJ
ajahs-3965	238	29	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	238	30	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	238	31	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	238	32	content	content	NOUN
ajahs-3965	238	33	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	239	1	pa	pa	PROPN
ajahs-3965	239	2	ge	ge	PROPN
ajahs-3965	239	3	22	22	NUM
ajahs-3965	239	4	https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajahs	https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajah	NOUN
ajahs-3965	239	5	am	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	239	6	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	240	1	j.	j.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	240	2	arts	arts	PROPN
ajahs-3965	240	3	hum	hum	PROPN
ajahs-3965	240	4	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	241	1	sci	sci	PROPN
ajahs-3965	241	2	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	241	3	4(1	4(1	NOUN
ajahs-3965	241	4	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	241	5	15	15	NUM
ajahs-3965	241	6	-	-	SYM
ajahs-3965	241	7	24	24	NUM
ajahs-3965	241	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	241	9	2025	2025	NUM
ajahs-3965	241	10	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	241	11	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
ajahs-3965	241	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	241	13	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	241	14	comparison	comparison	NOUN
ajahs-3965	241	15	between	between	ADP
ajahs-3965	241	16	pre	pre	NOUN
ajahs-3965	241	17	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	241	18	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	241	19	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	241	20	posttest	postt	ADJ
ajahs-3965	241	21	results	result	NOUN
ajahs-3965	241	22	reveals	reveal	VERB
ajahs-3965	241	23	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	241	24	significant	significant	ADJ
ajahs-3965	241	25	improvement	improvement	NOUN
ajahs-3965	241	26	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	241	27	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	241	28	’	'	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	241	29	performance	performance	NOUN
ajahs-3965	241	30	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	242	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	242	2	instructional	instructional	ADJ
ajahs-3965	242	3	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	242	4	effectively	effectively	ADV
ajahs-3965	242	5	enhanced	enhance	VERB
ajahs-3965	242	6	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	242	7	’	'	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	242	8	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	242	9	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	242	10	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
ajahs-3965	242	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	242	12	especially	especially	ADV
ajahs-3965	242	13	among	among	ADP
ajahs-3965	242	14	those	those	PRON
ajahs-3965	242	15	who	who	PRON
ajahs-3965	242	16	initially	initially	ADV
ajahs-3965	242	17	struggled	struggle	VERB
ajahs-3965	242	18	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	243	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	243	2	distribution	distribution	NOUN
ajahs-3965	243	3	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	243	4	scores	score	NOUN
ajahs-3965	243	5	shifted	shift	VERB
ajahs-3965	243	6	towards	towards	ADP
ajahs-3965	243	7	higher	high	ADJ
ajahs-3965	243	8	marks	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	243	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	243	10	reflecting	reflect	VERB
ajahs-3965	243	11	overall	overall	ADJ
ajahs-3965	243	12	progress	progress	NOUN
ajahs-3965	243	13	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	243	14	learning	learn	VERB
ajahs-3965	243	15	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ajahs-3965	243	16	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	244	1	discussion	discussion	NOUN
ajahs-3965	244	2	research	research	NOUN
ajahs-3965	244	3	question	question	NOUN
ajahs-3965	244	4	1	1	NUM
ajahs-3965	244	5	what	what	DET
ajahs-3965	244	6	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
ajahs-3965	244	7	do	do	AUX
ajahs-3965	244	8	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ajahs-3965	244	9	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	244	10	encounter	encounter	NOUN
ajahs-3965	244	11	when	when	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	244	12	learning	learn	VERB
ajahs-3965	244	13	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	244	14	skills	skill	NOUN
ajahs-3965	244	15	?	?	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	245	1	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	245	2	research	research	NOUN
ajahs-3965	245	3	question	question	NOUN
ajahs-3965	245	4	aimed	aim	VERB
ajahs-3965	245	5	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	245	6	investigate	investigate	VERB
ajahs-3965	245	7	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	245	8	specific	specific	ADJ
ajahs-3965	245	9	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
ajahs-3965	245	10	encountered	encounter	VERB
ajahs-3965	245	11	by	by	ADP
ajahs-3965	245	12	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ajahs-3965	245	13	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	245	14	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	245	15	acquiring	acquire	VERB
ajahs-3965	245	16	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	245	17	skills	skill	NOUN
ajahs-3965	245	18	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	245	19	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	245	20	selected	select	VERB
ajahs-3965	245	21	school	school	NOUN
ajahs-3965	245	22	within	within	ADP
ajahs-3965	245	23	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	245	24	wa	wa	PROPN
ajahs-3965	245	25	municipality	municipality	NOUN
ajahs-3965	245	26	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	245	27	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ajahs-3965	245	28	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	246	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	246	2	focus	focus	NOUN
ajahs-3965	246	3	was	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	246	4	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	246	5	identify	identify	VERB
ajahs-3965	246	6	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	246	7	nature	nature	NOUN
ajahs-3965	246	8	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	246	9	scope	scope	NOUN
ajahs-3965	246	10	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	246	11	these	these	DET
ajahs-3965	246	12	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	246	13	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	246	14	inform	inform	VERB
ajahs-3965	246	15	targeted	targeted	ADJ
ajahs-3965	246	16	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	246	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	247	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	247	2	findings	finding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	247	3	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	247	4	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	247	5	observation	observation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	247	6	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	247	7	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	247	8	indicated	indicate	VERB
ajahs-3965	247	9	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	247	10	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ajahs-3965	247	11	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	247	12	used	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	247	13	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	247	14	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	247	15	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	247	16	encountered	encounter	VERB
ajahs-3965	247	17	three	three	NUM
ajahs-3965	247	18	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	247	19	when	when	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	247	20	learning	learn	VERB
ajahs-3965	247	21	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	247	22	skills	skill	NOUN
ajahs-3965	247	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	248	1	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	248	2	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	248	3	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	248	4	primary	primary	ADJ
ajahs-3965	248	5	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
ajahs-3965	248	6	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	248	7	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	248	8	faced	face	VERB
ajahs-3965	248	9	was	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	248	10	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
ajahs-3965	248	11	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	248	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	249	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	249	2	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	249	3	observed	observe	VERB
ajahs-3965	249	4	during	during	ADP
ajahs-3965	249	5	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	249	6	preintervention	preintervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	249	7	that	that	PRON
ajahs-3965	249	8	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	249	9	children	child	NOUN
ajahs-3965	249	10	struggle	struggle	VERB
ajahs-3965	249	11	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	249	12	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	249	13	idea	idea	NOUN
ajahs-3965	249	14	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	249	15	taking	take	VERB
ajahs-3965	249	16	away	away	ADV
ajahs-3965	249	17	or	or	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	249	18	removing	remove	VERB
ajahs-3965	249	19	items	item	NOUN
ajahs-3965	249	20	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	249	21	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	249	22	set	set	NOUN
ajahs-3965	249	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	249	24	as	as	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	249	25	it	it	PRON
ajahs-3965	249	26	requires	require	VERB
ajahs-3965	249	27	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	249	28	certain	certain	ADJ
ajahs-3965	249	29	level	level	NOUN
ajahs-3965	249	30	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	249	31	abstract	abstract	ADJ
ajahs-3965	249	32	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ajahs-3965	249	33	that	that	PRON
ajahs-3965	249	34	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	249	35	still	still	ADV
ajahs-3965	249	36	developing	develop	VERB
ajahs-3965	249	37	at	at	ADP
ajahs-3965	249	38	their	their	PRON
ajahs-3965	249	39	age	age	NOUN
ajahs-3965	249	40	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	250	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
ajahs-3965	250	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	250	3	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	250	4	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	250	5	also	also	ADV
ajahs-3965	250	6	observed	observe	VERB
ajahs-3965	250	7	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	250	8	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	250	9	concept	concept	NOUN
ajahs-3965	250	10	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	250	11	zero	zero	NUM
ajahs-3965	250	12	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	250	13	its	its	PRON
ajahs-3965	250	14	role	role	NOUN
ajahs-3965	250	15	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	250	16	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	250	17	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	250	18	confusing	confuse	VERB
ajahs-3965	250	19	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	250	20	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ajahs-3965	250	21	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	250	22	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	250	23	leading	lead	VERB
ajahs-3965	250	24	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	250	25	errors	error	NOUN
ajahs-3965	250	26	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	250	27	misunderstandings	misunderstanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	250	28	which	which	PRON
ajahs-3965	250	29	manifested	manifest	VERB
ajahs-3965	250	30	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	250	31	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	250	32	pre	pre	ADJ
ajahs-3965	250	33	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	250	34	test	test	ADJ
ajahs-3965	250	35	results	result	NOUN
ajahs-3965	250	36	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	251	1	another	another	DET
ajahs-3965	251	2	significant	significant	ADJ
ajahs-3965	251	3	challenge	challenge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	251	4	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	251	5	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	251	6	development	development	NOUN
ajahs-3965	251	7	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	251	8	numerical	numerical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	251	9	fluency	fluency	NOUN
ajahs-3965	251	10	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	251	11	problem	problem	NOUN
ajahs-3965	251	12	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	251	13	solving	solve	VERB
ajahs-3965	251	14	skills	skill	NOUN
ajahs-3965	251	15	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	252	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	252	2	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	252	3	further	far	ADV
ajahs-3965	252	4	observed	observe	VERB
ajahs-3965	252	5	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	252	6	many	many	ADJ
ajahs-3965	252	7	29(76.3	29(76.3	ADJ
ajahs-3965	252	8	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	252	9	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	252	10	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	252	11	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	252	12	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ajahs-3965	252	13	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	252	14	have	have	VERB
ajahs-3965	252	15	very	very	ADV
ajahs-3965	252	16	low	low	ADJ
ajahs-3965	252	17	experience	experience	NOUN
ajahs-3965	252	18	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	252	19	whole	whole	ADJ
ajahs-3965	252	20	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	252	21	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	252	22	0	0	NUM
ajahs-3965	252	23	–	–	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	252	24	9	9	NUM
ajahs-3965	252	25	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	252	26	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	252	27	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	252	28	struggling	struggle	VERB
ajahs-3965	252	29	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	252	30	basic	basic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	252	31	counting	counting	NOUN
ajahs-3965	252	32	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	252	33	objects	object	NOUN
ajahs-3965	252	34	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	252	35	which	which	PRON
ajahs-3965	252	36	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	252	37	essential	essential	ADJ
ajahs-3965	252	38	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	252	39	performing	perform	VERB
ajahs-3965	252	40	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	252	41	tasks	task	NOUN
ajahs-3965	252	42	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	253	1	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	253	2	lack	lack	NOUN
ajahs-3965	253	3	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	253	4	numerical	numerical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	253	5	fluency	fluency	NOUN
ajahs-3965	253	6	led	lead	VERB
ajahs-3965	253	7	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	253	8	slow	slow	VERB
ajahs-3965	253	9	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	253	10	inaccurate	inaccurate	ADJ
ajahs-3965	253	11	calculations	calculation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	253	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	254	1	research	research	NOUN
ajahs-3965	254	2	question	question	NOUN
ajahs-3965	254	3	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	254	4	how	how	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	254	5	can	can	AUX
ajahs-3965	254	6	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	254	7	use	use	NOUN
ajahs-3965	254	8	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	254	9	bundle	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	254	10	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	254	11	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	254	12	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	254	13	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	254	14	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ajahs-3965	254	15	resource	resource	NOUN
ajahs-3965	254	16	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	254	17	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
ajahs-3965	254	18	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ajahs-3965	254	19	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	254	20	’	'	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	254	21	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	254	22	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	254	23	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	254	24	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	254	25	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	254	26	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	254	27	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	254	28	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	254	29	?	?	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	255	1	based	base	VERB
ajahs-3965	255	2	on	on	ADP
ajahs-3965	255	3	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	255	4	findings	finding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	255	5	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	255	6	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	255	7	post	post	NOUN
ajahs-3965	255	8	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	255	9	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	255	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	255	11	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	255	12	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	255	13	discovered	discover	VERB
ajahs-3965	255	14	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	255	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	255	16	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	255	17	use	use	NOUN
ajahs-3965	255	18	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	255	19	bundles	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	255	20	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	255	21	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	255	22	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	255	23	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	255	24	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ajahs-3965	255	25	resource	resource	NOUN
ajahs-3965	255	26	was	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	255	27	significantly	significantly	ADV
ajahs-3965	255	28	facilitated	facilitate	VERB
ajahs-3965	255	29	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	255	30	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ajahs-3965	255	31	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	255	32	’	'	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	255	33	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	255	34	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	255	35	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	255	36	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	255	37	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	255	38	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	255	39	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	255	40	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	255	41	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	255	42	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	256	1	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	256	2	hands	hand	NOUN
ajahs-3965	256	3	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	256	4	on	on	ADP
ajahs-3965	256	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	256	6	visual	visual	ADJ
ajahs-3965	256	7	approach	approach	NOUN
ajahs-3965	256	8	helps	help	VERB
ajahs-3965	256	9	make	make	VERB
ajahs-3965	256	10	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	256	11	abstract	abstract	ADJ
ajahs-3965	256	12	concept	concept	NOUN
ajahs-3965	256	13	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	256	14	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	256	15	more	more	ADV
ajahs-3965	256	16	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajahs-3965	256	17	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	256	18	tangible	tangible	ADJ
ajahs-3965	256	19	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	256	20	young	young	ADJ
ajahs-3965	256	21	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	256	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	257	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	257	2	physical	physical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	257	3	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	257	4	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	257	5	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	257	6	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	257	7	during	during	ADP
ajahs-3965	257	8	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	257	9	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	257	10	stage	stage	NOUN
ajahs-3965	257	11	helped	help	VERB
ajahs-3965	257	12	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	257	13	visually	visually	ADV
ajahs-3965	257	14	see	see	VERB
ajahs-3965	257	15	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	257	16	process	process	NOUN
ajahs-3965	257	17	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	257	18	taking	take	VERB
ajahs-3965	257	19	away	away	ADV
ajahs-3965	257	20	or	or	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	257	21	removing	remove	VERB
ajahs-3965	257	22	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	257	23	certain	certain	ADJ
ajahs-3965	257	24	number	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	257	25	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	257	26	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	257	27	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	257	28	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	257	29	set	set	NOUN
ajahs-3965	257	30	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	257	31	enhancing	enhance	VERB
ajahs-3965	257	32	their	their	PRON
ajahs-3965	257	33	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
ajahs-3965	257	34	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	257	35	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	258	1	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	258	2	example	example	NOUN
ajahs-3965	258	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	258	4	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	258	5	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	258	6	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	258	7	given	give	VERB
ajahs-3965	258	8	9	9	NUM
ajahs-3965	258	9	–	–	SYM
ajahs-3965	258	10	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	258	11	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	258	12	solve	solve	VERB
ajahs-3965	258	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	259	1	they	they	PRON
ajahs-3965	259	2	started	start	VERB
ajahs-3965	259	3	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	259	4	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	259	5	bundle	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	259	6	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	259	7	9	9	NUM
ajahs-3965	259	8	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	259	9	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	259	10	they	they	PRON
ajahs-3965	259	11	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	259	12	able	able	ADJ
ajahs-3965	259	13	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	259	14	physically	physically	ADV
ajahs-3965	259	15	remove	remove	VERB
ajahs-3965	259	16	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	259	17	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	259	18	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	259	19	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	259	20	9	9	NUM
ajahs-3965	259	21	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	259	22	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	259	23	count	count	VERB
ajahs-3965	259	24	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	259	25	remaining	remain	VERB
ajahs-3965	259	26	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	259	27	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	259	28	see	see	VERB
ajahs-3965	259	29	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	259	30	there	there	PRON
ajahs-3965	259	31	were	be	VERB
ajahs-3965	259	32	4	4	NUM
ajahs-3965	259	33	left	left	ADJ
ajahs-3965	259	34	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	260	1	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	260	2	visual	visual	ADJ
ajahs-3965	260	3	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	260	4	kinesthetic	kinesthetic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	260	5	method	method	NOUN
ajahs-3965	260	6	reinforces	reinforce	VERB
ajahs-3965	260	7	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	260	8	idea	idea	NOUN
ajahs-3965	260	9	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	260	10	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	260	11	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	260	12	taking	take	VERB
ajahs-3965	260	13	away	away	ADV
ajahs-3965	260	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	260	15	making	make	VERB
ajahs-3965	260	16	it	it	PRON
ajahs-3965	260	17	easier	easy	ADJ
ajahs-3965	260	18	for	for	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	260	19	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	260	20	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	260	21	grasp	grasp	VERB
ajahs-3965	260	22	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	260	23	remember	remember	VERB
ajahs-3965	260	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	261	1	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	261	2	finding	finding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	261	3	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	261	4	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	261	5	line	line	NOUN
ajahs-3965	261	6	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	261	7	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	261	8	findings	finding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	261	9	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	261	10	kwakye	kwakye	PROPN
ajahs-3965	261	11	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	261	12	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	261	13	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	262	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	262	2	2020	2020	NUM
ajahs-3965	262	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	262	4	who	who	PRON
ajahs-3965	262	5	discovered	discover	VERB
ajahs-3965	262	6	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	262	7	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	262	8	performed	perform	VERB
ajahs-3965	262	9	well	well	ADV
ajahs-3965	262	10	when	when	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	262	11	they	they	PRON
ajahs-3965	262	12	used	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	262	13	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	262	14	bundle	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	262	15	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	262	16	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	262	17	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	262	18	complete	complete	VERB
ajahs-3965	262	19	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	262	20	exercise	exercise	NOUN
ajahs-3965	262	21	given	give	VERB
ajahs-3965	262	22	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	262	23	them	they	PRON
ajahs-3965	262	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	263	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	263	2	authors	author	NOUN
ajahs-3965	263	3	concluded	conclude	VERB
ajahs-3965	263	4	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	263	5	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	263	6	bundle	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	263	7	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	263	8	stick	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	263	9	promote	promote	VERB
ajahs-3965	263	10	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	263	11	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
ajahs-3965	263	12	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	263	13	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	263	14	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	263	15	addition	addition	NOUN
ajahs-3965	263	16	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	263	17	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	263	18	as	as	ADV
ajahs-3965	263	19	well	well	ADV
ajahs-3965	263	20	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	263	21	other	other	ADJ
ajahs-3965	263	22	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	263	23	skills	skill	NOUN
ajahs-3965	263	24	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	263	25	concepts	concept	NOUN
ajahs-3965	263	26	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	264	1	research	research	NOUN
ajahs-3965	264	2	question	question	NOUN
ajahs-3965	264	3	3	3	NUM
ajahs-3965	264	4	what	what	PRON
ajahs-3965	264	5	are	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	264	6	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	264	7	potential	potential	ADJ
ajahs-3965	264	8	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	264	9	associated	associate	VERB
ajahs-3965	264	10	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	264	11	implementing	implement	VERB
ajahs-3965	264	12	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	264	13	bundle	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	264	14	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	264	15	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	264	16	method	method	NOUN
ajahs-3965	264	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	264	18	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	264	19	what	what	DET
ajahs-3965	264	20	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ajahs-3965	264	21	can	can	AUX
ajahs-3965	264	22	be	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	264	23	proposed	propose	VERB
ajahs-3965	264	24	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	264	25	overcome	overcome	VERB
ajahs-3965	264	26	these	these	DET
ajahs-3965	264	27	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	264	28	effectively	effectively	ADV
ajahs-3965	264	29	?	?	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	265	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	265	2	findings	finding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	265	3	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	265	4	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	265	5	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	265	6	phase	phase	NOUN
ajahs-3965	265	7	revealed	reveal	VERB
ajahs-3965	265	8	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	265	9	implementing	implement	VERB
ajahs-3965	265	10	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	265	11	bundle	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	265	12	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	265	13	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	265	14	method	method	NOUN
ajahs-3965	265	15	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	265	16	teaching	teach	VERB
ajahs-3965	265	17	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	265	18	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	265	19	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ajahs-3965	265	20	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	265	21	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	265	22	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	265	23	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	265	24	selected	select	VERB
ajahs-3965	265	25	school	school	NOUN
ajahs-3965	265	26	presented	present	VERB
ajahs-3965	265	27	two	two	NUM
ajahs-3965	265	28	significant	significant	ADJ
ajahs-3965	265	29	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	265	30	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	266	1	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	266	2	potential	potential	ADJ
ajahs-3965	266	3	issue	issue	NOUN
ajahs-3965	266	4	was	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	266	5	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	266	6	15	15	NUM
ajahs-3965	266	7	out	out	ADP
ajahs-3965	266	8	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	266	9	38	38	NUM
ajahs-3965	266	10	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	266	11	found	find	VERB
ajahs-3965	266	12	it	it	PRON
ajahs-3965	266	13	difficult	difficult	ADJ
ajahs-3965	266	14	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	266	15	manage	manage	VERB
ajahs-3965	266	16	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	266	17	keep	keep	VERB
ajahs-3965	266	18	track	track	NOUN
ajahs-3965	266	19	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	266	20	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	266	21	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	266	22	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	266	23	leading	lead	VERB
ajahs-3965	266	24	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	266	25	confusion	confusion	NOUN
ajahs-3965	266	26	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	266	27	inaccuracies	inaccuracy	NOUN
ajahs-3965	266	28	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	266	29	their	their	PRON
ajahs-3965	266	30	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	266	31	tasks	task	NOUN
ajahs-3965	266	32	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	267	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	267	2	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	267	3	assumed	assume	VERB
ajahs-3965	267	4	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	267	5	since	since	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	267	6	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	267	7	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ajahs-3965	267	8	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	267	9	are	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	267	10	still	still	ADV
ajahs-3965	267	11	developing	develop	VERB
ajahs-3965	267	12	their	their	PRON
ajahs-3965	267	13	fine	fine	ADJ
ajahs-3965	267	14	motor	motor	NOUN
ajahs-3965	267	15	skills	skill	NOUN
ajahs-3965	267	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	267	17	handling	handle	VERB
ajahs-3965	267	18	small	small	ADJ
ajahs-3965	267	19	objects	object	NOUN
ajahs-3965	267	20	like	like	ADP
ajahs-3965	267	21	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	267	22	can	can	AUX
ajahs-3965	267	23	be	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	267	24	tricky	tricky	ADJ
ajahs-3965	267	25	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	267	26	resulting	result	VERB
ajahs-3965	267	27	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	267	28	frustration	frustration	NOUN
ajahs-3965	267	29	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	267	30	distraction	distraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	267	31	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	267	32	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	267	33	learning	learning	NOUN
ajahs-3965	267	34	objective	objective	NOUN
ajahs-3965	267	35	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	268	1	secondly	secondly	ADV
ajahs-3965	268	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	268	3	using	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	268	4	bundles	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	268	5	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	268	6	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	268	7	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	268	8	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ajahs-3965	268	9	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ajahs-3965	268	10	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	268	11	requires	require	VERB
ajahs-3965	268	12	careful	careful	ADJ
ajahs-3965	268	13	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ajahs-3965	268	14	management	management	NOUN
ajahs-3965	268	15	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	268	16	organization	organization	NOUN
ajahs-3965	268	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	269	1	as	as	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	269	2	noted	note	VERB
ajahs-3965	269	3	by	by	ADP
ajahs-3965	269	4	agamboka	agamboka	NOUN
ajahs-3965	269	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	269	6	mensah	mensah	PROPN
ajahs-3965	269	7	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	269	8	ador	ador	PROPN
ajahs-3965	269	9	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	269	10	2023	2023	NUM
ajahs-3965	269	11	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	269	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	269	13	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	269	14	use	use	NOUN
ajahs-3965	269	15	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	269	16	physical	physical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	269	17	objects	object	NOUN
ajahs-3965	269	18	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	269	19	teaching	teach	VERB
ajahs-3965	269	20	young	young	ADJ
ajahs-3965	269	21	children	child	NOUN
ajahs-3965	269	22	requires	require	VERB
ajahs-3965	269	23	more	more	ADJ
ajahs-3965	269	24	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ajahs-3965	269	25	management	management	NOUN
ajahs-3965	269	26	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	269	27	organization	organization	NOUN
ajahs-3965	269	28	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	269	29	as	as	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	269	30	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	269	31	need	need	VERB
ajahs-3965	269	32	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	269	33	ensure	ensure	VERB
ajahs-3965	269	34	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	269	35	each	each	DET
ajahs-3965	269	36	pupil	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	269	37	has	have	VERB
ajahs-3965	269	38	an	an	DET
ajahs-3965	269	39	adequate	adequate	ADJ
ajahs-3965	269	40	supply	supply	NOUN
ajahs-3965	269	41	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	269	42	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	269	43	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	269	44	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	269	45	they	they	PRON
ajahs-3965	269	46	are	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	269	47	used	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	269	48	appropriately	appropriately	ADV
ajahs-3965	269	49	during	during	ADP
ajahs-3965	269	50	lessons	lesson	NOUN
ajahs-3965	269	51	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	270	1	this	this	PRON
ajahs-3965	270	2	can	can	AUX
ajahs-3965	270	3	be	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	270	4	time	time	NOUN
ajahs-3965	270	5	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	270	6	consuming	consume	VERB
ajahs-3965	270	7	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	270	8	may	may	AUX
ajahs-3965	270	9	detract	detract	VERB
ajahs-3965	270	10	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	270	11	instructional	instructional	ADJ
ajahs-3965	270	12	time	time	NOUN
ajahs-3965	270	13	if	if	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	270	14	not	not	PART
ajahs-3965	270	15	managed	manage	VERB
ajahs-3965	270	16	efficiently	efficiently	ADV
ajahs-3965	270	17	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	270	18	agamboka	agamboka	NOUN
ajahs-3965	270	19	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	270	20	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	270	21	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	270	22	2023	2023	NUM
ajahs-3965	270	23	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	270	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	271	1	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	271	2	overcome	overcome	VERB
ajahs-3965	271	3	these	these	DET
ajahs-3965	271	4	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	271	5	effectively	effectively	ADV
ajahs-3965	271	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	271	7	several	several	ADJ
ajahs-3965	271	8	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ajahs-3965	271	9	can	can	AUX
ajahs-3965	271	10	be	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	271	11	employed	employ	VERB
ajahs-3965	271	12	as	as	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	271	13	documented	document	VERB
ajahs-3965	271	14	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	271	15	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	271	16	literature	literature	NOUN
ajahs-3965	271	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	272	1	first	first	ADV
ajahs-3965	272	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	272	3	samuel	samuel	PROPN
ajahs-3965	272	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	272	5	nyarko	nyarko	NOUN
ajahs-3965	272	6	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	272	7	dwumfuo	dwumfuo	NOUN
ajahs-3965	272	8	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	272	9	2020	2020	NUM
ajahs-3965	272	10	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	272	11	suggested	suggest	VERB
ajahs-3965	272	12	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	272	13	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	272	14	can	can	AUX
ajahs-3965	272	15	use	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	272	16	larger	large	ADJ
ajahs-3965	272	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	272	18	more	more	ADV
ajahs-3965	272	19	manageable	manageable	ADJ
ajahs-3965	272	20	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	272	21	that	that	PRON
ajahs-3965	272	22	are	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	272	23	easier	easy	ADJ
ajahs-3965	272	24	for	for	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	272	25	young	young	ADJ
ajahs-3965	272	26	children	child	NOUN
ajahs-3965	272	27	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	272	28	handle	handle	VERB
ajahs-3965	272	29	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	273	1	this	this	PRON
ajahs-3965	273	2	can	can	AUX
ajahs-3965	273	3	help	help	VERB
ajahs-3965	273	4	reduce	reduce	VERB
ajahs-3965	273	5	frustration	frustration	NOUN
ajahs-3965	273	6	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	273	7	improve	improve	VERB
ajahs-3965	273	8	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
ajahs-3965	273	9	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	273	10	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	273	11	tasks	task	NOUN
ajahs-3965	273	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	274	1	second	second	ADJ
ajahs-3965	274	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	274	3	benjamin	benjamin	PROPN
ajahs-3965	274	4	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	274	5	2022	2022	NUM
ajahs-3965	274	6	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	274	7	advocated	advocate	VERB
ajahs-3965	274	8	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	274	9	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	274	10	should	should	AUX
ajahs-3965	274	11	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
ajahs-3965	274	12	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	274	13	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	274	14	process	process	NOUN
ajahs-3965	274	15	step	step	NOUN
ajahs-3965	274	16	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	274	17	by	by	ADP
ajahs-3965	274	18	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	274	19	step	step	NOUN
ajahs-3965	274	20	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	274	21	provide	provide	VERB
ajahs-3965	274	22	guided	guide	VERB
ajahs-3965	274	23	practice	practice	NOUN
ajahs-3965	274	24	before	before	ADP
ajahs-3965	274	25	allowing	allow	VERB
ajahs-3965	274	26	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	274	27	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	274	28	work	work	VERB
ajahs-3965	274	29	independently	independently	ADV
ajahs-3965	274	30	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	275	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
ajahs-3965	275	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	275	3	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
ajahs-3965	275	4	group	group	NOUN
ajahs-3965	275	5	activities	activity	NOUN
ajahs-3965	275	6	can	can	AUX
ajahs-3965	275	7	foster	foster	VERB
ajahs-3965	275	8	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
ajahs-3965	275	9	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	275	10	peer	peer	NOUN
ajahs-3965	275	11	learning	learning	NOUN
ajahs-3965	275	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	275	13	as	as	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	275	14	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	275	15	could	could	AUX
ajahs-3965	275	16	help	help	VERB
ajahs-3965	275	17	each	each	DET
ajahs-3965	275	18	other	other	ADJ
ajahs-3965	275	19	manage	manage	VERB
ajahs-3965	275	20	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	275	21	use	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	275	22	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	275	23	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	275	24	effectively	effectively	ADV
ajahs-3965	275	25	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	275	26	kwakye	kwakye	NOUN
ajahs-3965	275	27	et	et	PROPN
ajahs-3965	275	28	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	275	29	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	275	30	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	275	31	2020	2020	NUM
ajahs-3965	275	32	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	275	33	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	276	1	key	key	ADJ
ajahs-3965	276	2	findings	finding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	276	3	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	276	4	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	276	5	’s	’s	PART
ajahs-3965	276	6	findings	finding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	276	7	revealed	reveal	VERB
ajahs-3965	276	8	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	276	9	9	9	NUM
ajahs-3965	276	10	out	out	ADP
ajahs-3965	276	11	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	276	12	38	38	NUM
ajahs-3965	276	13	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	276	14	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	276	15	23.7	23.7	NUM
ajahs-3965	276	16	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	276	17	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	276	18	achieved	achieve	VERB
ajahs-3965	276	19	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	276	20	pass	pass	NOUN
ajahs-3965	276	21	score	score	NOUN
ajahs-3965	276	22	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	276	23	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	276	24	marks	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	276	25	or	or	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	276	26	above	above	ADV
ajahs-3965	276	27	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	276	28	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	276	29	pre	pre	NOUN
ajahs-3965	276	30	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	276	31	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	276	32	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	276	33	while	while	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	276	34	22	22	NUM
ajahs-3965	276	35	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	276	36	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	276	37	57.9	57.9	NUM
ajahs-3965	276	38	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	276	39	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	276	40	achieved	achieve	VERB
ajahs-3965	276	41	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	276	42	pass	pass	NOUN
ajahs-3965	276	43	score	score	NOUN
ajahs-3965	276	44	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	276	45	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	276	46	marks	mark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	276	47	or	or	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	276	48	above	above	ADV
ajahs-3965	276	49	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	276	50	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	276	51	post	post	NOUN
ajahs-3965	276	52	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	276	53	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	276	54	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	277	1	this	this	PRON
ajahs-3965	277	2	indicates	indicate	VERB
ajahs-3965	277	3	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	277	4	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	277	5	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	277	6	was	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	277	7	effective	effective	ADJ
ajahs-3965	277	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	277	9	resulting	result	VERB
ajahs-3965	277	10	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	277	11	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	277	12	moderate	moderate	ADJ
ajahs-3965	277	13	improvement	improvement	NOUN
ajahs-3965	277	14	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	277	15	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	277	16	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	277	17	’	'	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	277	18	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	277	19	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	277	20	pa	pa	PROPN
ajahs-3965	277	21	ge	ge	PROPN
ajahs-3965	277	22	23	23	NUM
ajahs-3965	277	23	https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajahs	https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajah	NOUN
ajahs-3965	277	24	am	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	277	25	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	278	1	j.	j.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	278	2	arts	arts	PROPN
ajahs-3965	278	3	hum	hum	PROPN
ajahs-3965	278	4	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	279	1	sci	sci	PROPN
ajahs-3965	279	2	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	279	3	4(1	4(1	NOUN
ajahs-3965	279	4	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	279	5	15	15	NUM
ajahs-3965	279	6	-	-	SYM
ajahs-3965	279	7	24	24	NUM
ajahs-3965	279	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	279	9	2025	2025	NUM
ajahs-3965	279	10	performance	performance	NOUN
ajahs-3965	279	11	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	279	12	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	279	13	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	279	14	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	279	15	number	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	279	16	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	279	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	280	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	280	2	observation	observation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	280	3	revealed	reveal	VERB
ajahs-3965	280	4	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	280	5	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ajahs-3965	280	6	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	280	7	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	280	8	faced	face	VERB
ajahs-3965	280	9	significant	significant	ADJ
ajahs-3965	280	10	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	280	11	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	280	12	conceptualizing	conceptualize	VERB
ajahs-3965	280	13	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	280	14	performing	perform	VERB
ajahs-3965	280	15	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	280	16	act	act	NOUN
ajahs-3965	280	17	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	280	18	removing	remove	VERB
ajahs-3965	280	19	objects	object	NOUN
ajahs-3965	280	20	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	280	21	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	280	22	set	set	NOUN
ajahs-3965	280	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	280	24	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	280	25	foundational	foundational	ADJ
ajahs-3965	280	26	aspect	aspect	NOUN
ajahs-3965	280	27	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	280	28	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	280	29	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	281	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
ajahs-3965	281	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	281	3	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	281	4	results	result	NOUN
ajahs-3965	281	5	indicated	indicate	VERB
ajahs-3965	281	6	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	281	7	29	29	NUM
ajahs-3965	281	8	out	out	ADP
ajahs-3965	281	9	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	281	10	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	281	11	38	38	NUM
ajahs-3965	281	12	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	281	13	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	281	14	76.3	76.3	NUM
ajahs-3965	281	15	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	281	16	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	281	17	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
ajahs-3965	281	18	limited	limited	ADJ
ajahs-3965	281	19	familiarity	familiarity	NOUN
ajahs-3965	281	20	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	281	21	whole	whole	ADJ
ajahs-3965	281	22	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	281	23	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	281	24	0–9	0–9	NOUN
ajahs-3965	281	25	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	281	26	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	281	27	encountered	encounter	VERB
ajahs-3965	281	28	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
ajahs-3965	281	29	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	281	30	basic	basic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	281	31	counting	counting	NOUN
ajahs-3965	281	32	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	281	33	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	281	34	critical	critical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	281	35	prerequisite	prerequisite	NOUN
ajahs-3965	281	36	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	281	37	successfully	successfully	ADV
ajahs-3965	281	38	executing	execute	VERB
ajahs-3965	281	39	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	281	40	tasks	task	NOUN
ajahs-3965	281	41	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	282	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	282	2	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	282	3	found	find	VERB
ajahs-3965	282	4	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	282	5	using	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	282	6	bundles	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	282	7	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	282	8	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	282	9	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	282	10	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	282	11	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ajahs-3965	282	12	resource	resource	NOUN
ajahs-3965	282	13	significantly	significantly	ADV
ajahs-3965	282	14	facilitated	facilitate	VERB
ajahs-3965	282	15	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ajahs-3965	282	16	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	282	17	’	'	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	282	18	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	282	19	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	282	20	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	282	21	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	282	22	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	282	23	number	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	282	24	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	282	25	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	283	1	this	this	DET
ajahs-3965	283	2	hands	hand	NOUN
ajahs-3965	283	3	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	283	4	on	on	ADP
ajahs-3965	283	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	283	6	visual	visual	ADJ
ajahs-3965	283	7	approach	approach	NOUN
ajahs-3965	283	8	made	make	VERB
ajahs-3965	283	9	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	283	10	abstract	abstract	ADJ
ajahs-3965	283	11	concept	concept	NOUN
ajahs-3965	283	12	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	283	13	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	283	14	more	more	ADV
ajahs-3965	283	15	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajahs-3965	283	16	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	283	17	tangible	tangible	ADJ
ajahs-3965	283	18	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	283	19	young	young	ADJ
ajahs-3965	283	20	learners	learner	NOUN
ajahs-3965	283	21	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	284	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	284	2	physical	physical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	284	3	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	284	4	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	284	5	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	284	6	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	284	7	during	during	ADP
ajahs-3965	284	8	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	284	9	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	284	10	allowed	allow	VERB
ajahs-3965	284	11	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	284	12	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	284	13	visually	visually	ADV
ajahs-3965	284	14	see	see	VERB
ajahs-3965	284	15	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	284	16	process	process	NOUN
ajahs-3965	284	17	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	284	18	taking	take	VERB
ajahs-3965	284	19	away	away	ADV
ajahs-3965	284	20	or	or	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	284	21	removing	remove	VERB
ajahs-3965	284	22	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	284	23	certain	certain	ADJ
ajahs-3965	284	24	number	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	284	25	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	284	26	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	284	27	from	from	ADP
ajahs-3965	284	28	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	284	29	set	set	NOUN
ajahs-3965	284	30	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	284	31	enhancing	enhance	VERB
ajahs-3965	284	32	their	their	PRON
ajahs-3965	284	33	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
ajahs-3965	284	34	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	284	35	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	285	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	285	2	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	285	3	revealed	reveal	VERB
ajahs-3965	285	4	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	285	5	implementing	implement	VERB
ajahs-3965	285	6	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	285	7	bundle	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	285	8	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	285	9	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	285	10	method	method	NOUN
ajahs-3965	285	11	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	285	12	teaching	teach	VERB
ajahs-3965	285	13	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	285	14	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	285	15	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ajahs-3965	285	16	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	285	17	presented	present	VERB
ajahs-3965	285	18	notable	notable	ADJ
ajahs-3965	285	19	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	285	20	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	286	1	specifically	specifically	ADV
ajahs-3965	286	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	286	3	15	15	NUM
ajahs-3965	286	4	out	out	ADP
ajahs-3965	286	5	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	286	6	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	286	7	38	38	NUM
ajahs-3965	286	8	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	286	9	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	286	10	39.5	39.5	NUM
ajahs-3965	286	11	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	286	12	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	286	13	experienced	experience	VERB
ajahs-3965	286	14	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
ajahs-3965	286	15	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	286	16	managing	manage	VERB
ajahs-3965	286	17	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	286	18	keeping	keep	VERB
ajahs-3965	286	19	track	track	NOUN
ajahs-3965	286	20	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	286	21	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	286	22	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	286	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	286	24	resulting	result	VERB
ajahs-3965	286	25	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	286	26	confusion	confusion	NOUN
ajahs-3965	286	27	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	286	28	inaccuracies	inaccuracy	NOUN
ajahs-3965	286	29	during	during	ADP
ajahs-3965	286	30	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	286	31	tasks	task	NOUN
ajahs-3965	286	32	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	287	1	however	however	ADV
ajahs-3965	287	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	287	3	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	287	4	findings	finding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	287	5	also	also	ADV
ajahs-3965	287	6	highlighted	highlight	VERB
ajahs-3965	287	7	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	287	8	utilizing	utilize	VERB
ajahs-3965	287	9	larger	large	ADJ
ajahs-3965	287	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	287	11	more	more	ADV
ajahs-3965	287	12	manageable	manageable	ADJ
ajahs-3965	287	13	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	287	14	tailored	tailor	VERB
ajahs-3965	287	15	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	287	16	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	287	17	fine	fine	ADJ
ajahs-3965	287	18	motor	motor	NOUN
ajahs-3965	287	19	skills	skill	NOUN
ajahs-3965	287	20	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	287	21	young	young	ADJ
ajahs-3965	287	22	children	child	NOUN
ajahs-3965	287	23	significantly	significantly	ADV
ajahs-3965	287	24	reduced	reduce	VERB
ajahs-3965	287	25	frustration	frustration	NOUN
ajahs-3965	287	26	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	287	27	enhanced	enhanced	ADJ
ajahs-3965	287	28	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
ajahs-3965	287	29	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	288	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
ajahs-3965	288	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	288	3	breaking	break	VERB
ajahs-3965	288	4	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	288	5	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	288	6	process	process	NOUN
ajahs-3965	288	7	into	into	ADP
ajahs-3965	288	8	sequential	sequential	ADJ
ajahs-3965	288	9	steps	step	NOUN
ajahs-3965	288	10	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	288	11	providing	provide	VERB
ajahs-3965	288	12	guided	guide	VERB
ajahs-3965	288	13	practice	practice	NOUN
ajahs-3965	288	14	prior	prior	ADV
ajahs-3965	288	15	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	288	16	independent	independent	ADJ
ajahs-3965	288	17	work	work	NOUN
ajahs-3965	288	18	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	288	19	identified	identify	VERB
ajahs-3965	288	20	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	288	21	effective	effective	ADJ
ajahs-3965	288	22	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ajahs-3965	288	23	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	288	24	improving	improve	VERB
ajahs-3965	288	25	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	288	26	’	'	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	288	27	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN
ajahs-3965	288	28	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	288	29	performance	performance	NOUN
ajahs-3965	288	30	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	288	31	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	288	32	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	289	1	conclusions	conclusion	NOUN
ajahs-3965	289	2	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	289	3	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	289	4	revealed	reveal	VERB
ajahs-3965	289	5	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	289	6	significant	significant	ADJ
ajahs-3965	289	7	improvement	improvement	NOUN
ajahs-3965	289	8	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	289	9	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	289	10	’	'	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	289	11	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	289	12	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	289	13	performance	performance	NOUN
ajahs-3965	289	14	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	289	15	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	289	16	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	289	17	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	289	18	number	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	289	19	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	289	20	following	follow	VERB
ajahs-3965	289	21	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	289	22	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	289	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	290	1	initially	initially	ADV
ajahs-3965	290	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	290	3	only	only	ADV
ajahs-3965	290	4	23.7	23.7	NUM
ajahs-3965	290	5	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	290	6	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	290	7	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	290	8	passed	pass	VERB
ajahs-3965	290	9	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	290	10	pre	pre	NOUN
ajahs-3965	290	11	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	290	12	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	290	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	290	14	but	but	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	290	15	this	this	PRON
ajahs-3965	290	16	increased	increase	VERB
ajahs-3965	290	17	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	290	18	57.9	57.9	NUM
ajahs-3965	290	19	%	%	NOUN
ajahs-3965	290	20	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	290	21	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	290	22	post	post	NOUN
ajahs-3965	290	23	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	290	24	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	290	25	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	290	26	indicating	indicate	VERB
ajahs-3965	290	27	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	290	28	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ajahs-3965	290	29	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	290	30	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	290	31	instructional	instructional	ADJ
ajahs-3965	290	32	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ajahs-3965	290	33	employed	employ	VERB
ajahs-3965	290	34	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	291	1	observations	observation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	291	2	showed	show	VERB
ajahs-3965	291	3	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	291	4	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ajahs-3965	291	5	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	291	6	faced	face	VERB
ajahs-3965	291	7	substantial	substantial	ADJ
ajahs-3965	291	8	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
ajahs-3965	291	9	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	291	10	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	291	11	due	due	ADP
ajahs-3965	291	12	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	291	13	limited	limited	ADJ
ajahs-3965	291	14	experience	experience	NOUN
ajahs-3965	291	15	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	291	16	whole	whole	ADJ
ajahs-3965	291	17	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	291	18	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	291	19	basic	basic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	291	20	counting	counting	NOUN
ajahs-3965	291	21	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	291	22	highlighting	highlight	VERB
ajahs-3965	291	23	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	291	24	need	need	NOUN
ajahs-3965	291	25	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	291	26	targeted	target	VERB
ajahs-3965	291	27	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	291	28	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	291	29	build	build	VERB
ajahs-3965	291	30	numerical	numerical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	291	31	fluency	fluency	NOUN
ajahs-3965	291	32	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	292	1	using	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	292	2	bundles	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	292	3	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	292	4	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	292	5	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	292	6	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	292	7	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ajahs-3965	292	8	resource	resource	NOUN
ajahs-3965	292	9	significantly	significantly	ADV
ajahs-3965	292	10	facilitated	facilitate	VERB
ajahs-3965	292	11	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	292	12	’	'	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	292	13	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	292	14	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	292	15	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	292	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	292	17	making	make	VERB
ajahs-3965	292	18	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	292	19	abstract	abstract	ADJ
ajahs-3965	292	20	concept	concept	NOUN
ajahs-3965	292	21	more	more	ADV
ajahs-3965	292	22	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajahs-3965	292	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	293	1	however	however	ADV
ajahs-3965	293	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	293	3	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	293	4	such	such	ADJ
ajahs-3965	293	5	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	293	6	managing	manage	VERB
ajahs-3965	293	7	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	293	8	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	293	9	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	293	10	inaccuracies	inaccuracy	NOUN
ajahs-3965	293	11	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	293	12	tasks	task	NOUN
ajahs-3965	293	13	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	293	14	noted	note	VERB
ajahs-3965	293	15	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	294	1	these	these	DET
ajahs-3965	294	2	issues	issue	NOUN
ajahs-3965	294	3	were	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	294	4	mitigated	mitigate	VERB
ajahs-3965	294	5	by	by	ADP
ajahs-3965	294	6	using	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	294	7	larger	large	ADJ
ajahs-3965	294	8	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	294	9	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	294	10	providing	provide	VERB
ajahs-3965	294	11	step	step	NOUN
ajahs-3965	294	12	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	294	13	by	by	ADP
ajahs-3965	294	14	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	294	15	step	step	NOUN
ajahs-3965	294	16	demonstrations	demonstration	NOUN
ajahs-3965	294	17	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	294	18	guided	guide	VERB
ajahs-3965	294	19	practice	practice	NOUN
ajahs-3965	294	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	294	21	which	which	PRON
ajahs-3965	294	22	enhanced	enhance	VERB
ajahs-3965	294	23	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	294	24	’	'	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	294	25	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	294	26	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	294	27	performance	performance	NOUN
ajahs-3965	294	28	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	295	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	295	2	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	295	3	recommends	recommend	VERB
ajahs-3965	295	4	that	that	SCONJ
ajahs-3965	295	5	kindergartens	kindergarten	NOUN
ajahs-3965	295	6	invest	invest	VERB
ajahs-3965	295	7	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	295	8	more	more	ADJ
ajahs-3965	295	9	hands	hand	NOUN
ajahs-3965	295	10	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	295	11	on	on	ADP
ajahs-3965	295	12	learning	learn	VERB
ajahs-3965	295	13	resources	resource	NOUN
ajahs-3965	295	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	295	15	implement	implement	VERB
ajahs-3965	295	16	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	295	17	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	295	18	build	build	VERB
ajahs-3965	295	19	numerical	numerical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	295	20	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ajahs-3965	295	21	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	295	22	incorporate	incorporate	VERB
ajahs-3965	295	23	structured	structured	ADJ
ajahs-3965	295	24	practice	practice	NOUN
ajahs-3965	295	25	sessions	session	NOUN
ajahs-3965	295	26	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	295	27	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	295	28	develop	develop	VERB
ajahs-3965	295	29	effective	effective	ADJ
ajahs-3965	295	30	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ajahs-3965	295	31	management	management	NOUN
ajahs-3965	295	32	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ajahs-3965	295	33	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	295	34	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
ajahs-3965	295	35	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	295	36	use	use	NOUN
ajahs-3965	295	37	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	295	38	physical	physical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	295	39	learning	learning	NOUN
ajahs-3965	295	40	aids	aids	PROPN
ajahs-3965	295	41	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	296	1	reference	reference	NOUN
ajahs-3965	296	2	agamboka	agamboka	NOUN
ajahs-3965	296	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	296	4	a.	a.	NOUN
ajahs-3965	296	5	a.	a.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	296	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	296	7	mensah	mensah	PROPN
ajahs-3965	296	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	296	9	s.	s.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	296	10	k.	k.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	296	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	296	12	&	&	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	296	13	ador	ador	PROPN
ajahs-3965	296	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	296	15	e.	e.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	296	16	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	296	17	2023	2023	NUM
ajahs-3965	296	18	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	296	19	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	297	1	using	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	297	2	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	297	3	abacus	abacus	NOUN
ajahs-3965	297	4	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	297	5	address	address	VERB
ajahs-3965	297	6	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	297	7	basic	basic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	297	8	three	three	NUM
ajahs-3965	297	9	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	297	10	3	3	NUM
ajahs-3965	297	11	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	297	12	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	297	13	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	297	14	learning	learn	VERB
ajahs-3965	297	15	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
ajahs-3965	297	16	have	have	VERB
ajahs-3965	297	17	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	297	18	place	place	NOUN
ajahs-3965	297	19	value	value	NOUN
ajahs-3965	297	20	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	297	21	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	297	22	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	297	23	experimental	experimental	ADJ
ajahs-3965	297	24	school	school	NOUN
ajahs-3965	297	25	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	297	26	bolgatanga	bolgatanga	NOUN
ajahs-3965	297	27	municipality	municipality	NOUN
ajahs-3965	297	28	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	297	29	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ajahs-3965	297	30	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	298	1	gph	gph	NOUN
ajahs-3965	298	2	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	298	3	international	international	ADJ
ajahs-3965	298	4	journal	journal	NOUN
ajahs-3965	298	5	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	298	6	educational	educational	ADJ
ajahs-3965	298	7	research	research	NOUN
ajahs-3965	298	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	298	9	6(06	6(06	NUM
ajahs-3965	298	10	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	298	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	298	12	57	57	NUM
ajahs-3965	298	13	-	-	SYM
ajahs-3965	298	14	75	75	NUM
ajahs-3965	298	15	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	299	1	https://doi	https://doi	NOUN
ajahs-3965	299	2	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	300	1	org/10.5281	org/10.5281	ADP
ajahs-3965	300	2	/	/	SYM
ajahs-3965	300	3	zenodo.8167688	zenodo.8167688	PROPN
ajahs-3965	300	4	astuti	astuti	PROPN
ajahs-3965	300	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	300	6	p.	p.	NOUN
ajahs-3965	300	7	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	300	8	2014	2014	NUM
ajahs-3965	300	9	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	300	10	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	301	1	learning	learn	VERB
ajahs-3965	301	2	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	301	3	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	301	4	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	301	5	decimal	decimal	ADJ
ajahs-3965	301	6	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	301	7	by	by	ADP
ajahs-3965	301	8	measurement	measurement	NOUN
ajahs-3965	301	9	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	301	10	game	game	NOUN
ajahs-3965	301	11	predicting	predict	VERB
ajahs-3965	301	12	length	length	NOUN
ajahs-3965	301	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	302	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ajahs-3965	302	2	on	on	ADP
ajahs-3965	302	3	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
ajahs-3965	302	4	education	education	NOUN
ajahs-3965	302	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	302	6	5(1	5(1	NUM
ajahs-3965	302	7	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	302	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	302	9	35	35	NUM
ajahs-3965	302	10	-	-	SYM
ajahs-3965	302	11	46	46	NUM
ajahs-3965	302	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	303	1	https://doi	https://doi	PROPN
ajahs-3965	303	2	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	303	3	org/10.22342	org/10.22342	PROPN
ajahs-3965	303	4	/	/	SYM
ajahs-3965	303	5	jme.5.1.1447.35	jme.5.1.1447.35	PROPN
ajahs-3965	303	6	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	303	7	46	46	NUM
ajahs-3965	303	8	benjamin	benjamin	PROPN
ajahs-3965	303	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	303	10	e.	e.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	303	11	a.	a.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	303	12	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	303	13	2022	2022	NUM
ajahs-3965	303	14	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	303	15	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	304	1	methods	method	NOUN
ajahs-3965	304	2	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	304	3	teaching	teach	VERB
ajahs-3965	304	4	primary	primary	ADJ
ajahs-3965	304	5	school	school	NOUN
ajahs-3965	304	6	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ajahs-3965	304	7	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	305	1	module	module	NOUN
ajahs-3965	305	2	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	305	3	b.	b.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	305	4	ed	ed	PROPN
ajahs-3965	305	5	early	early	ADJ
ajahs-3965	305	6	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ajahs-3965	305	7	education	education	NOUN
ajahs-3965	305	8	programme	programme	NOUN
ajahs-3965	305	9	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	306	1	bernard	bernard	PROPN
ajahs-3965	306	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	306	3	j.	j.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	306	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	306	5	golbert	golbert	PROPN
ajahs-3965	306	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	306	7	a.	a.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	306	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	306	9	&	&	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	306	10	susuoroka	susuoroka	PROPN
ajahs-3965	306	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	306	12	g.	g.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	306	13	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	306	14	2020	2020	NUM
ajahs-3965	306	15	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	306	16	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	307	1	assisting	assist	VERB
ajahs-3965	307	2	jhs	jhs	PROPN
ajahs-3965	307	3	form	form	VERB
ajahs-3965	307	4	one	one	NUM
ajahs-3965	307	5	pupil	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	307	6	’s	’s	ADV
ajahs-3965	307	7	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	307	8	add	add	VERB
ajahs-3965	307	9	unlike	unlike	ADP
ajahs-3965	307	10	fractions	fraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	307	11	using	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	307	12	cuisenaire	cuisenaire	NOUN
ajahs-3965	307	13	rod	rod	NOUN
ajahs-3965	307	14	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	307	15	paper	paper	NOUN
ajahs-3965	307	16	folding	folding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	307	17	:	:	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	307	18	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	307	19	case	case	NOUN
ajahs-3965	307	20	at	at	ADP
ajahs-3965	307	21	chamba	chamba	PROPN
ajahs-3965	307	22	m	m	PROPN
ajahs-3965	307	23	/	/	SYM
ajahs-3965	307	24	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	307	25	junior	junior	ADJ
ajahs-3965	307	26	high	high	ADJ
ajahs-3965	307	27	school	school	NOUN
ajahs-3965	307	28	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	308	1	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	308	2	education	education	NOUN
ajahs-3965	308	3	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	308	4	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ajahs-3965	308	5	studies	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	308	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	308	7	5(3	5(3	NUM
ajahs-3965	308	8	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	308	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	308	10	53	53	NUM
ajahs-3965	308	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	309	1	https://doi	https://doi	PROPN
ajahs-3965	309	2	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	309	3	org/10.11648	org/10.11648	PROPN
ajahs-3965	309	4	/	/	SYM
ajahs-3965	309	5	j.tecs.20200503.12	j.tecs.20200503.12	PROPN
ajahs-3965	309	6	byjus	byju	VERB
ajahs-3965	309	7	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	310	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	310	2	2023	2023	NUM
ajahs-3965	310	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	310	4	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	311	1	addition	addition	NOUN
ajahs-3965	311	2	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	311	3	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	311	4	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	311	5	definition	definition	NOUN
ajahs-3965	311	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	311	7	rules	rule	NOUN
ajahs-3965	311	8	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	311	9	examples	example	NOUN
ajahs-3965	311	10	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	311	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	312	1	byjus	byjus	PROPN
ajahs-3965	312	2	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	313	1	https://byjus.com/maths/	https://byjus.com/maths/	PROPN
ajahs-3965	313	2	addition	addition	NOUN
ajahs-3965	313	3	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	313	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	313	5	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	313	6	subtraction/	subtraction/	NUM
ajahs-3965	313	7	clark	clark	NOUN
ajahs-3965	313	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	313	9	j.	j.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	313	10	s.	s.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	313	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	313	12	porath	porath	PROPN
ajahs-3965	313	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	313	14	s.	s.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	313	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	313	16	thiele	thiele	PROPN
ajahs-3965	313	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	313	18	j.	j.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	313	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	313	20	&	&	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	313	21	jobe	jobe	PROPN
ajahs-3965	313	22	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	313	23	m.	m.	NOUN
ajahs-3965	313	24	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	313	25	2020	2020	NUM
ajahs-3965	313	26	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	313	27	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	314	1	action	action	NOUN
ajahs-3965	314	2	research	research	NOUN
ajahs-3965	314	3	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	315	1	npp	npp	PROPN
ajahs-3965	315	2	ebooks	ebooks	PROPN
ajahs-3965	315	3	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	316	1	https://newprairiepress.org/	https://newprairiepress.org/	PROPN
ajahs-3965	316	2	ebooks/34	ebooks/34	VERB
ajahs-3965	316	3	fauzi	fauzi	PROPN
ajahs-3965	316	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	316	5	i.	i.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	316	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	316	7	mauhibah	mauhibah	PROPN
ajahs-3965	316	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	316	9	r.	r.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	316	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	316	11	&	&	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	316	12	jupri	jupri	NOUN
ajahs-3965	316	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	316	14	a.	a.	NOUN
ajahs-3965	316	15	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	316	16	2021	2021	NUM
ajahs-3965	316	17	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	316	18	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	317	1	learning	learn	VERB
ajahs-3965	317	2	designs	design	NOUN
ajahs-3965	317	3	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	317	4	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	317	5	addition	addition	NOUN
ajahs-3965	317	6	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	317	7	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	317	8	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	317	9	two	two	NUM
ajahs-3965	317	10	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	317	11	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	317	12	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	317	13	based	base	VERB
ajahs-3965	317	14	on	on	ADP
ajahs-3965	317	15	realistic	realistic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	317	16	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ajahs-3965	317	17	education	education	NOUN
ajahs-3965	317	18	principles	principle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	317	19	using	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	317	20	snakes	snake	NOUN
ajahs-3965	317	21	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	317	22	ladders	ladder	NOUN
ajahs-3965	317	23	game	game	NOUN
ajahs-3965	317	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	318	1	al	al	PROPN
ajahs-3965	318	2	ibtida	ibtida	PROPN
ajahs-3965	318	3	:	:	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	318	4	jurnal	jurnal	ADJ
ajahs-3965	318	5	pendidikan	pendidikan	PROPN
ajahs-3965	318	6	guru	guru	PROPN
ajahs-3965	318	7	mi	mi	PROPN
ajahs-3965	318	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	318	9	8(1	8(1	NOUN
ajahs-3965	318	10	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	318	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	319	1	https://doi	https://doi	PROPN
ajahs-3965	319	2	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	319	3	org/10.24235	org/10.24235	PROPN
ajahs-3965	319	4	/	/	SYM
ajahs-3965	319	5	al.ibtida.snj.v8i1.7741	al.ibtida.snj.v8i1.7741	NOUN
ajahs-3965	319	6	fuadi	fuadi	NOUN
ajahs-3965	319	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	319	8	i.	i.	NOUN
ajahs-3965	319	9	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	319	10	2017	2017	NUM
ajahs-3965	319	11	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	319	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	320	1	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	320	2	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	320	3	ctl	ctl	PROPN
ajahs-3965	320	4	approach	approach	NOUN
ajahs-3965	320	5	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	320	6	increase	increase	VERB
ajahs-3965	320	7	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajahs-3965	320	8	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	320	9	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	320	10	concept	concept	NOUN
ajahs-3965	320	11	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	320	12	operation	operation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	320	13	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	320	14	addition	addition	NOUN
ajahs-3965	320	15	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	320	16	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	320	17	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	320	18	integers	integer	NOUN
ajahs-3965	320	19	by	by	ADP
ajahs-3965	320	20	using	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	320	21	learning	learning	NOUN
ajahs-3965	320	22	tools	tool	NOUN
ajahs-3965	320	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	321	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ajahs-3965	321	2	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	321	3	education	education	NOUN
ajahs-3965	321	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	321	5	practice	practice	NOUN
ajahs-3965	321	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	321	7	8(8	8(8	NUM
ajahs-3965	321	8	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	321	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	321	10	81	81	NUM
ajahs-3965	321	11	-	-	SYM
ajahs-3965	321	12	85	85	NUM
ajahs-3965	321	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	322	1	https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/	https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/	VERB
ajahs-3965	322	2	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	322	3	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	322	4	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	322	5	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	322	6	ctl	ctl	NOUN
ajahs-3965	322	7	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	322	8	approach	approach	NOUN
ajahs-3965	322	9	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	322	10	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	322	11	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	322	12	increase	increase	VERB
ajahs-3965	322	13	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	322	14	ofthe	ofthe	NOUN
ajahs-3965	322	15	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	322	16	fuadi/849da9096562dbf46ee585c55d5b826a5b3	fuadi/849da9096562dbf46ee585c55d5b826a5b3	ADJ
ajahs-3965	322	17	3927f	3927f	NUM
ajahs-3965	322	18	george	george	NOUN
ajahs-3965	322	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	322	20	t.	t.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	322	21	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	322	22	2023	2023	NUM
ajahs-3965	322	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	322	24	january	january	PROPN
ajahs-3965	322	25	27	27	NUM
ajahs-3965	322	26	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	322	27	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	323	1	what	what	PRON
ajahs-3965	323	2	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	323	3	action	action	NOUN
ajahs-3965	323	4	research	research	NOUN
ajahs-3965	323	5	?	?	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	324	1	scribbr	scribbr	PROPN
ajahs-3965	324	2	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	325	1	https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/	https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/	VERB
ajahs-3965	325	2	action	action	NOUN
ajahs-3965	325	3	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	325	4	research/	research/	VERB
ajahs-3965	325	5	hawthorne	hawthorne	NOUN
ajahs-3965	325	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	325	7	h.	h.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	325	8	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	325	9	2021	2021	NUM
ajahs-3965	325	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	325	11	july	july	PROPN
ajahs-3965	325	12	9	9	NUM
ajahs-3965	325	13	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	325	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	326	1	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ajahs-3965	326	2	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	326	3	education	education	NOUN
ajahs-3965	326	4	:	:	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	326	5	importance	importance	NOUN
ajahs-3965	326	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	326	7	types	type	NOUN
ajahs-3965	326	8	&	&	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	326	9	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ajahs-3965	326	10	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	327	1	high	high	ADJ
ajahs-3965	327	2	speed	speed	NOUN
ajahs-3965	327	3	training	training	NOUN
ajahs-3965	327	4	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	328	1	https://www.highspeedtraining.co.uk/hub/effectiveinterventions-in-education/	https://www.highspeedtraining.co.uk/hub/effectiveinterventions-in-education/	PROPN
ajahs-3965	328	2	ipek	ipek	PROPN
ajahs-3965	328	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	328	4	a.	a.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	328	5	s.	s.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	328	6	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	328	7	2018	2018	NUM
ajahs-3965	328	8	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	328	9	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	329	1	pre	pre	ADJ
ajahs-3965	329	2	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	329	3	service	service	ADJ
ajahs-3965	329	4	elementary	elementary	ADJ
ajahs-3965	329	5	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
ajahs-3965	329	6	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	329	7	’	’	PART
ajahs-3965	329	8	specialized	specialized	ADJ
ajahs-3965	329	9	content	content	NOUN
ajahs-3965	329	10	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ajahs-3965	329	11	:	:	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	329	12	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	329	13	case	case	NOUN
ajahs-3965	329	14	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	329	15	integer	integer	NOUN
ajahs-3965	329	16	addition	addition	NOUN
ajahs-3965	329	17	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	329	18	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	329	19	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	330	1	international	international	ADJ
ajahs-3965	330	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ajahs-3965	330	3	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	330	4	progressive	progressive	ADJ
ajahs-3965	330	5	education	education	NOUN
ajahs-3965	330	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	330	7	14(4	14(4	NUM
ajahs-3965	330	8	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	330	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	330	10	70	70	NUM
ajahs-3965	330	11	-	-	SYM
ajahs-3965	330	12	84	84	NUM
ajahs-3965	330	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	331	1	https://doi	https://doi	X
ajahs-3965	331	2	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	332	1	org/10.29329	org/10.29329	ADJ
ajahs-3965	332	2	/	/	SYM
ajahs-3965	332	3	ijpe.2018.154.6	ijpe.2018.154.6	PROPN
ajahs-3965	332	4	jones	jones	PROPN
ajahs-3965	332	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	332	6	j.	j.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	332	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	332	8	&	&	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	332	9	tiller	tiller	NOUN
ajahs-3965	332	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	332	11	m.	m.	NOUN
ajahs-3965	332	12	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	332	13	2017	2017	NUM
ajahs-3965	332	14	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	332	15	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	333	1	using	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	333	2	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajahs-3965	333	3	manipulatives	manipulative	NOUN
ajahs-3965	333	4	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	333	5	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	333	6	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	333	7	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	334	1	dimensions	dimension	NOUN
ajahs-3965	334	2	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	334	3	early	early	ADJ
ajahs-3965	334	4	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ajahs-3965	334	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	334	6	45(1	45(1	NOUN
ajahs-3965	334	7	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	334	8	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	335	1	https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/	https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/	NOUN
ajahs-3965	335	2	ej1150546.pdf	ej1150546.pdf	PROPN
ajahs-3965	335	3	pa	pa	PROPN
ajahs-3965	335	4	ge	ge	PROPN
ajahs-3965	335	5	24	24	NUM
ajahs-3965	335	6	https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajahs	https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajah	NOUN
ajahs-3965	335	7	am	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	335	8	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	336	1	j.	j.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	336	2	arts	arts	PROPN
ajahs-3965	336	3	hum	hum	PROPN
ajahs-3965	336	4	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	337	1	sci	sci	PROPN
ajahs-3965	337	2	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	337	3	4(1	4(1	NOUN
ajahs-3965	337	4	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	337	5	15	15	NUM
ajahs-3965	337	6	-	-	SYM
ajahs-3965	337	7	24	24	NUM
ajahs-3965	337	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	337	9	2025	2025	NUM
ajahs-3965	337	10	kara	kara	NOUN
ajahs-3965	337	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	337	12	f.	f.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	337	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	337	14	&	&	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	337	15	incikabi	incikabi	PROPN
ajahs-3965	337	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	337	17	l.	l.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	337	18	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	337	19	2018	2018	NUM
ajahs-3965	337	20	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	337	21	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	338	1	sixth	sixth	ADJ
ajahs-3965	338	2	grade	grade	NOUN
ajahs-3965	338	3	students	student	NOUN
ajahs-3965	338	4	’	'	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	338	5	skills	skill	NOUN
ajahs-3965	338	6	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	338	7	using	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	338	8	multiple	multiple	ADJ
ajahs-3965	338	9	representations	representation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	338	10	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	338	11	addition	addition	NOUN
ajahs-3965	338	12	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	338	13	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	338	14	operations	operation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	338	15	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	338	16	fractions	fraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	338	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	339	1	international	international	ADJ
ajahs-3965	339	2	electronic	electronic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	339	3	journal	journal	NOUN
ajahs-3965	339	4	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	339	5	elementary	elementary	ADJ
ajahs-3965	339	6	education	education	PROPN
ajahs-3965	339	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	339	8	10(4	10(4	NUM
ajahs-3965	339	9	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	339	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	339	11	463474	463474	NUM
ajahs-3965	339	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	340	1	https://doi.org/10.26822/iejee.2018438137	https://doi.org/10.26822/iejee.2018438137	VERB
ajahs-3965	340	2	kullberg	kullberg	PROPN
ajahs-3965	340	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	340	4	a.	a.	NOUN
ajahs-3965	340	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	340	6	björklund	björklund	PROPN
ajahs-3965	340	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	340	8	c.	c.	NOUN
ajahs-3965	340	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	340	10	brkovic	brkovic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	340	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	340	12	i.	i.	NOUN
ajahs-3965	340	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	340	14	&	&	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	340	15	runesson	runesson	PROPN
ajahs-3965	340	16	kempe	kempe	PROPN
ajahs-3965	340	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	340	18	u.	u.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	340	19	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	340	20	2020	2020	NUM
ajahs-3965	340	21	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	340	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	341	1	effects	effect	NOUN
ajahs-3965	341	2	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	341	3	learning	learn	VERB
ajahs-3965	341	4	addition	addition	NOUN
ajahs-3965	341	5	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	341	6	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	341	7	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	341	8	preschool	preschool	NOUN
ajahs-3965	341	9	by	by	ADP
ajahs-3965	341	10	making	make	VERB
ajahs-3965	341	11	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	341	12	first	first	ADJ
ajahs-3965	341	13	ten	ten	NUM
ajahs-3965	341	14	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	341	15	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	341	16	their	their	PRON
ajahs-3965	341	17	relations	relation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	341	18	visible	visible	ADJ
ajahs-3965	341	19	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	341	20	finger	finger	NOUN
ajahs-3965	341	21	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ajahs-3965	341	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	342	1	educational	educational	ADJ
ajahs-3965	342	2	studies	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	342	3	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	342	4	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ajahs-3965	342	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	342	6	103(2	103(2	NUM
ajahs-3965	342	7	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	342	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	342	9	157172	157172	NUM
ajahs-3965	342	10	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	343	1	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-019-09927-1	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-019-09927-1	PROPN
ajahs-3965	343	2	kwakye	kwakye	PROPN
ajahs-3965	343	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	343	4	d.	d.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	343	5	o.	o.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	343	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	343	7	ofosu	ofosu	VERB
ajahs-3965	343	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	343	9	e.	e.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	343	10	k.	k.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	343	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	343	12	karim	karim	PROPN
ajahs-3965	343	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	343	14	s.	s.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	343	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	343	16	zacharia	zacharia	PROPN
ajahs-3965	343	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	343	18	y.	y.	NOUN
ajahs-3965	343	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	343	20	zakari	zakari	PROPN
ajahs-3965	343	21	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	343	22	z.	z.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	343	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	343	24	&	&	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	343	25	emmanuel	emmanuel	PROPN
ajahs-3965	343	26	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	343	27	a.	a.	NOUN
ajahs-3965	343	28	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	343	29	2020	2020	NUM
ajahs-3965	343	30	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	343	31	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	344	1	using	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	344	2	abacus	abacus	PROPN
ajahs-3965	344	3	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	344	4	bundles	bundle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	344	5	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	344	6	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	344	7	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	344	8	help	help	VERB
ajahs-3965	344	9	basic	basic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	344	10	two	two	NUM
ajahs-3965	344	11	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	344	12	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	344	13	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	344	14	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	344	15	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	344	16	add	add	VERB
ajahs-3965	344	17	two	two	NUM
ajahs-3965	344	18	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	344	19	three	three	NUM
ajahs-3965	344	20	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	344	21	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	344	22	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	344	23	:	:	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	344	24	an	an	DET
ajahs-3965	344	25	action	action	NOUN
ajahs-3965	344	26	research	research	NOUN
ajahs-3965	344	27	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	344	28	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ajahs-3965	344	29	national	national	PROPN
ajahs-3965	344	30	college	college	PROPN
ajahs-3965	344	31	basic	basic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	344	32	school	school	NOUN
ajahs-3965	344	33	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	344	34	cape	cape	NOUN
ajahs-3965	344	35	coast	coast	NOUN
ajahs-3965	344	36	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	344	37	central	central	ADJ
ajahs-3965	344	38	region	region	NOUN
ajahs-3965	344	39	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	344	40	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ajahs-3965	344	41	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	345	1	african	african	ADJ
ajahs-3965	345	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ajahs-3965	345	3	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	345	4	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
ajahs-3965	345	5	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	345	6	statistics	statistic	NOUN
ajahs-3965	345	7	studies	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	345	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	345	9	3(5	3(5	NUM
ajahs-3965	345	10	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	345	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	345	12	21	21	NUM
ajahs-3965	345	13	-	-	SYM
ajahs-3965	345	14	37	37	NUM
ajahs-3965	345	15	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	346	1	lu	lu	PROPN
ajahs-3965	346	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	346	3	y.	y.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	346	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	346	5	pian	pian	PROPN
ajahs-3965	346	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	346	7	y.	y.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	346	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	346	9	chen	chen	PROPN
ajahs-3965	346	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	346	11	p.	p.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	346	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	346	13	meng	meng	PROPN
ajahs-3965	346	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	346	15	q.	q.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	346	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	346	17	&	&	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	346	18	cao	cao	PROPN
ajahs-3965	346	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	346	20	y.	y.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	346	21	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	346	22	2021	2021	NUM
ajahs-3965	346	23	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	346	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	347	1	radarmath	radarmath	NUM
ajahs-3965	347	2	:	:	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	347	3	an	an	DET
ajahs-3965	347	4	intelligent	intelligent	ADJ
ajahs-3965	347	5	tutoring	tutoring	NOUN
ajahs-3965	347	6	system	system	NOUN
ajahs-3965	347	7	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	347	8	math	math	NOUN
ajahs-3965	347	9	education	education	NOUN
ajahs-3965	347	10	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	348	1	aaai	aaai	PROPN
ajahs-3965	348	2	conference	conference	PROPN
ajahs-3965	348	3	on	on	ADP
ajahs-3965	348	4	artificial	artificial	ADJ
ajahs-3965	348	5	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
ajahs-3965	348	6	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	349	1	https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i18.18020	https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i18.18020	NOUN
ajahs-3965	349	2	mertler	mertler	NOUN
ajahs-3965	349	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	349	4	c.	c.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	349	5	a.	a.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	349	6	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	349	7	2021	2021	NUM
ajahs-3965	349	8	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	349	9	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	350	1	action	action	NOUN
ajahs-3965	350	2	research	research	NOUN
ajahs-3965	350	3	as	as	ADP
ajahs-3965	350	4	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ajahs-3965	350	5	inquiry	inquiry	NOUN
ajahs-3965	350	6	:	:	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	350	7	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	350	8	viable	viable	ADJ
ajahs-3965	350	9	strategy	strategy	NOUN
ajahs-3965	350	10	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	350	11	resolving	resolve	VERB
ajahs-3965	350	12	problems	problem	NOUN
ajahs-3965	350	13	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	350	14	practice	practice	NOUN
ajahs-3965	350	15	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	351	1	practical	practical	ADJ
ajahs-3965	351	2	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ajahs-3965	351	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	351	4	research	research	NOUN
ajahs-3965	351	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	351	6	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	351	7	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	351	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	351	9	26(19	26(19	NUM
ajahs-3965	351	10	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	351	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	352	1	https://scholarworks.umass.edu/pare/vol26/iss1/19	https://scholarworks.umass.edu/pare/vol26/iss1/19	PROPN
ajahs-3965	352	2	ministry	ministry	PROPN
ajahs-3965	352	3	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	352	4	education	education	PROPN
ajahs-3965	352	5	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	353	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	353	2	2019	2019	NUM
ajahs-3965	353	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	353	4	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	354	1	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ajahs-3965	354	2	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ajahs-3965	354	3	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	354	4	preschools	preschool	NOUN
ajahs-3965	354	5	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	354	6	kg	kg	NOUN
ajahs-3965	354	7	1&2	1&2	NUM
ajahs-3965	354	8	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	354	9	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	355	1	ministry	ministry	PROPN
ajahs-3965	355	2	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	355	3	education	education	PROPN
ajahs-3965	355	4	republic	republic	PROPN
ajahs-3965	355	5	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	355	6	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ajahs-3965	355	7	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	356	1	https://nacca.gov.gh/wpcontent/uploads/2019/06/kg-curriculum.pdf	https://nacca.gov.gh/wpcontent/uploads/2019/06/kg-curriculum.pdf	PROPN
ajahs-3965	356	2	mutlu	mutlu	PROPN
ajahs-3965	356	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	356	4	a.	a.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	356	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	356	6	&	&	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	356	7	tuncay	tuncay	NOUN
ajahs-3965	356	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	356	9	c.	c.	NOUN
ajahs-3965	356	10	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	356	11	2021	2021	NUM
ajahs-3965	356	12	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	356	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	357	1	an	an	DET
ajahs-3965	357	2	action	action	NOUN
ajahs-3965	357	3	research	research	NOUN
ajahs-3965	357	4	on	on	ADP
ajahs-3965	357	5	improving	improve	VERB
ajahs-3965	357	6	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ajahs-3965	357	7	communication	communication	NOUN
ajahs-3965	357	8	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	357	9	interaction	interaction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	357	10	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	357	11	social	social	ADJ
ajahs-3965	357	12	studies	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	357	13	teaching	teach	VERB
ajahs-3965	357	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	358	1	education	education	NOUN
ajahs-3965	358	2	research	research	PROPN
ajahs-3965	358	3	international	international	PROPN
ajahs-3965	358	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	358	5	2021	2021	NUM
ajahs-3965	358	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	358	7	1–19	1–19	PROPN
ajahs-3965	358	8	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	359	1	https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9943194	https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9943194	PROPN
ajahs-3965	359	2	national	national	PROPN
ajahs-3965	359	3	council	council	PROPN
ajahs-3965	359	4	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	359	5	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ajahs-3965	359	6	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	359	7	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ajahs-3965	359	8	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	359	9	nacca	nacca	ADJ
ajahs-3965	359	10	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	359	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	360	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	360	2	2019	2019	NUM
ajahs-3965	360	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	360	4	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	361	1	new	new	ADJ
ajahs-3965	361	2	standards	standard	NOUN
ajahs-3965	361	3	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	361	4	based	base	VERB
ajahs-3965	361	5	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ajahs-3965	361	6	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	361	7	2019	2019	NUM
ajahs-3965	361	8	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	361	9	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	362	1	nacca	nacca	PROPN
ajahs-3965	362	2	.	.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	362	3	https://nacca.gov.gh/learning-areassubjects/new-standards-based-curriculum-2019/	https://nacca.gov.gh/learning-areassubjects/new-standards-based-curriculum-2019/	PROPN
ajahs-3965	363	1	nkansah	nkansah	PROPN
ajahs-3965	363	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	363	3	e.	e.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	363	4	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	363	5	2020	2020	NUM
ajahs-3965	363	6	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	363	7	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	364	1	assisting	assist	VERB
ajahs-3965	364	2	primary	primary	ADJ
ajahs-3965	364	3	six	six	NUM
ajahs-3965	364	4	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	364	5	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	364	6	offinso	offinso	NOUN
ajahs-3965	364	7	state	state	PROPN
ajahs-3965	364	8	a	a	PRON
ajahs-3965	364	9	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	364	10	overcome	overcome	VERB
ajahs-3965	364	11	their	their	PRON
ajahs-3965	364	12	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
ajahs-3965	364	13	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	364	14	addition	addition	NOUN
ajahs-3965	364	15	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	364	16	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	364	17	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	364	18	six	six	NUM
ajahs-3965	364	19	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	364	20	seven	seven	NUM
ajahs-3965	364	21	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	364	22	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	364	23	numbers	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	364	24	using	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	364	25	abacus	abacus	PROPN
ajahs-3965	364	26	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	364	27	place	place	NOUN
ajahs-3965	364	28	value	value	NOUN
ajahs-3965	364	29	chart	chart	NOUN
ajahs-3965	364	30	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	365	1	https://doi.org/10.13140/rg.2.2.28450.04805	https://doi.org/10.13140/rg.2.2.28450.04805	PROPN
ajahs-3965	365	2	parwines	parwines	PROPN
ajahs-3965	365	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	365	4	z.	z.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	365	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	365	6	&	&	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	365	7	noornia	noornia	NOUN
ajahs-3965	365	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	365	9	a.	a.	NOUN
ajahs-3965	365	10	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	365	11	2019	2019	NUM
ajahs-3965	365	12	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	365	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	366	1	is	be	AUX
ajahs-3965	366	2	it	it	PRON
ajahs-3965	366	3	required	require	VERB
ajahs-3965	366	4	to	to	PART
ajahs-3965	366	5	remove	remove	VERB
ajahs-3965	366	6	borrowing	borrowing	NOUN
ajahs-3965	366	7	techniques	technique	NOUN
ajahs-3965	366	8	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	366	9	clearly	clearly	ADV
ajahs-3965	366	10	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	366	11	operations	operation	NOUN
ajahs-3965	366	12	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	366	13	elementary	elementary	ADJ
ajahs-3965	366	14	school	school	NOUN
ajahs-3965	366	15	?	?	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	367	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ajahs-3965	367	2	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	367	3	physics	physics	PROPN
ajahs-3965	367	4	:	:	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	367	5	conference	conference	NOUN
ajahs-3965	367	6	series	series	NOUN
ajahs-3965	367	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	367	8	1157	1157	NUM
ajahs-3965	367	9	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	368	1	https://doi.org/10.1088/17426596/1157/4/042076	https://doi.org/10.1088/17426596/1157/4/042076	PROPN
ajahs-3965	368	2	salminen	salminen	PROPN
ajahs-3965	368	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	368	4	j.	j.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	368	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	368	6	khanolainen	khanolainen	PROPN
ajahs-3965	368	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	368	8	d.	d.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	368	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	368	10	koponen	koponen	PROPN
ajahs-3965	368	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	368	12	t.	t.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	368	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	368	14	torppa	torppa	PROPN
ajahs-3965	368	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	368	16	m.	m.	NOUN
ajahs-3965	368	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	368	18	&	&	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	368	19	lerkkanen	lerkkanen	PROPN
ajahs-3965	368	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	368	21	m.-k	m.-k	PROPN
ajahs-3965	368	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	369	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	369	2	2021	2021	NUM
ajahs-3965	369	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	369	4	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	370	1	development	development	NOUN
ajahs-3965	370	2	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	370	3	numeracy	numeracy	NOUN
ajahs-3965	370	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	370	5	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ajahs-3965	370	6	skills	skill	NOUN
ajahs-3965	370	7	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	370	8	early	early	ADJ
ajahs-3965	370	9	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ajahs-3965	370	10	—	—	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	370	11	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	370	12	longitudinal	longitudinal	ADJ
ajahs-3965	370	13	study	study	NOUN
ajahs-3965	370	14	on	on	ADP
ajahs-3965	370	15	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	370	16	roles	role	NOUN
ajahs-3965	370	17	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	370	18	home	home	NOUN
ajahs-3965	370	19	environment	environment	NOUN
ajahs-3965	370	20	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	370	21	familial	familial	ADJ
ajahs-3965	370	22	risk	risk	NOUN
ajahs-3965	370	23	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	370	24	reading	reading	NOUN
ajahs-3965	370	25	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	370	26	math	math	NOUN
ajahs-3965	370	27	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
ajahs-3965	370	28	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	371	1	frontiers	frontier	NOUN
ajahs-3965	371	2	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	371	3	education	education	NOUN
ajahs-3965	371	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	371	5	6	6	NUM
ajahs-3965	371	6	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	372	1	https://doi.org/10.3389/	https://doi.org/10.3389/	PROPN
ajahs-3965	372	2	feduc.2021.725337	feduc.2021.725337	PROPN
ajahs-3965	372	3	samuel	samuel	PROPN
ajahs-3965	372	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	372	5	a.	a.	NOUN
ajahs-3965	372	6	g.	g.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	372	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	372	8	nyarko	nyarko	PROPN
ajahs-3965	372	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	372	10	j.	j.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	372	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	372	12	&	&	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	372	13	dwumfuo	dwumfuo	PROPN
ajahs-3965	372	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	372	15	k.	k.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	372	16	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	372	17	2020	2020	NUM
ajahs-3965	372	18	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	372	19	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	373	1	improving	improve	VERB
ajahs-3965	373	2	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	373	3	performance	performance	NOUN
ajahs-3965	373	4	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	373	5	basic	basic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	373	6	school	school	NOUN
ajahs-3965	373	7	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ajahs-3965	373	8	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	373	9	addition	addition	NOUN
ajahs-3965	373	10	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	373	11	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	373	12	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	373	13	integers	integer	NOUN
ajahs-3965	373	14	using	use	VERB
ajahs-3965	373	15	rectangular	rectangular	ADJ
ajahs-3965	373	16	cut	cut	VERB
ajahs-3965	373	17	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	373	18	out	out	ADP
ajahs-3965	373	19	number	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	373	20	line	line	NOUN
ajahs-3965	373	21	:	:	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	373	22	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	373	23	case	case	NOUN
ajahs-3965	373	24	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	373	25	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	373	26	ghanaian	ghanaian	ADJ
ajahs-3965	373	27	basic	basic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	373	28	school	school	NOUN
ajahs-3965	373	29	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	374	1	iosr	iosr	ADJ
ajahs-3965	374	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ajahs-3965	374	3	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	374	4	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
ajahs-3965	374	5	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	374	6	iosr	iosr	PROPN
ajahs-3965	374	7	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	374	8	jm	jm	NOUN
ajahs-3965	374	9	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	374	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	374	11	16(3	16(3	NOUN
ajahs-3965	374	12	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	374	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	374	14	21	21	NUM
ajahs-3965	374	15	-	-	SYM
ajahs-3965	374	16	28	28	NUM
ajahs-3965	374	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	375	1	https://doi.org/10.9790/5728-1603042128	https://doi.org/10.9790/5728-1603042128	PROPN
ajahs-3965	375	2	shukla	shukla	NOUN
ajahs-3965	375	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	375	4	s.	s.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	375	5	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	375	6	2020	2020	NUM
ajahs-3965	375	7	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	375	8	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	376	1	concept	concept	NOUN
ajahs-3965	376	2	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	376	3	population	population	NOUN
ajahs-3965	376	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	376	5	sample	sample	NOUN
ajahs-3965	376	6	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	377	1	sidik	sidik	PROPN
ajahs-3965	377	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	377	3	g.	g.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	377	4	s.	s.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	377	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	377	6	suryadi	suryadi	PROPN
ajahs-3965	377	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	377	8	d.	d.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	377	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	377	10	&	&	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	377	11	turmudi	turmudi	NOUN
ajahs-3965	377	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	377	13	t.	t.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	377	14	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	377	15	2021	2021	NUM
ajahs-3965	377	16	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	377	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	378	1	learning	learn	VERB
ajahs-3965	378	2	obstacle	obstacle	NOUN
ajahs-3965	378	3	on	on	ADP
ajahs-3965	378	4	addition	addition	NOUN
ajahs-3965	378	5	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	378	6	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	378	7	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	378	8	primary	primary	ADJ
ajahs-3965	378	9	school	school	NOUN
ajahs-3965	378	10	students	student	NOUN
ajahs-3965	378	11	:	:	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	378	12	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajahs-3965	378	13	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	378	14	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	378	15	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ajahs-3965	378	16	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	379	1	education	education	NOUN
ajahs-3965	379	2	research	research	PROPN
ajahs-3965	379	3	international	international	PROPN
ajahs-3965	379	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	379	5	2021(1	2021(1	NUM
ajahs-3965	379	6	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	379	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	379	8	5935179	5935179	NUM
ajahs-3965	379	9	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	380	1	https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5935179	https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5935179	PROPN
ajahs-3965	380	2	singh	singh	PROPN
ajahs-3965	380	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	380	4	a.	a.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	380	5	k.	k.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	380	6	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	380	7	2023	2023	NUM
ajahs-3965	380	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	380	9	september	september	PROPN
ajahs-3965	380	10	12	12	NUM
ajahs-3965	380	11	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	380	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	381	1	blended	blend	VERB
ajahs-3965	381	2	learning	learning	NOUN
ajahs-3965	381	3	vs.	vs.	ADP
ajahs-3965	381	4	traditional	traditional	ADJ
ajahs-3965	381	5	learning	learning	NOUN
ajahs-3965	381	6	:	:	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	381	7	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	381	8	detailed	detailed	ADJ
ajahs-3965	381	9	overview	overview	NOUN
ajahs-3965	381	10	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	381	11	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	381	12	two	two	NUM
ajahs-3965	381	13	approaches	approach	NOUN
ajahs-3965	381	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	382	1	elearning	elearne	VERB
ajahs-3965	382	2	industry	industry	NOUN
ajahs-3965	382	3	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	383	1	https://elearningindustry.com/	https://elearningindustry.com/	PROPN
ajahs-3965	383	2	blended	blend	VERB
ajahs-3965	383	3	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	383	4	learning	learning	NOUN
ajahs-3965	383	5	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	383	6	vs	vs	ADP
ajahs-3965	383	7	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	383	8	traditional	traditional	ADJ
ajahs-3965	383	9	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	383	10	learning	learning	NOUN
ajahs-3965	383	11	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	383	12	a	a	DET
ajahs-3965	383	13	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	383	14	detailedoverview	detailedoverview	NOUN
ajahs-3965	383	15	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	383	16	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	383	17	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	383	18	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	383	19	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	383	20	two	two	NUM
ajahs-3965	383	21	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	383	22	approaches	approach	NOUN
ajahs-3965	383	23	starkey	starkey	NOUN
ajahs-3965	383	24	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	383	25	p.	p.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	383	26	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	383	27	&	&	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	383	28	gelman	gelman	PROPN
ajahs-3965	383	29	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	383	30	r.	r.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	383	31	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	383	32	2020	2020	NUM
ajahs-3965	383	33	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	383	34	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	384	1	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	384	2	development	development	NOUN
ajahs-3965	384	3	of	of	ADP
ajahs-3965	384	4	addition	addition	NOUN
ajahs-3965	384	5	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	384	6	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	384	7	abilities	ability	NOUN
ajahs-3965	384	8	prior	prior	ADV
ajahs-3965	384	9	to	to	ADP
ajahs-3965	384	10	formal	formal	ADJ
ajahs-3965	384	11	schooling	schooling	NOUN
ajahs-3965	384	12	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	384	13	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	384	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	385	1	student	student	NOUN
ajahs-3965	385	2	’s	’s	PART
ajahs-3965	385	3	attendance	attendance	NOUN
ajahs-3965	385	4	register	register	NOUN
ajahs-3965	385	5	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	386	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	386	2	2024	2024	NUM
ajahs-3965	386	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	386	4	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	387	1	fongo	fongo	PROPN
ajahs-3965	387	2	english	english	PROPN
ajahs-3965	387	3	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	387	4	arabic	arabic	ADJ
ajahs-3965	387	5	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	387	6	e	e	NOUN
ajahs-3965	387	7	/	/	SYM
ajahs-3965	387	8	a	a	PRON
ajahs-3965	387	9	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	387	10	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ajahs-3965	387	11	school	school	NOUN
ajahs-3965	387	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	388	1	turan	turan	PROPN
ajahs-3965	388	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	388	3	z.	z.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	388	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	388	5	&	&	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	388	6	atila	atila	PROPN
ajahs-3965	388	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	388	8	g.	g.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	388	9	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	388	10	2021	2021	NUM
ajahs-3965	388	11	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	388	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	389	1	augmented	augment	VERB
ajahs-3965	389	2	reality	reality	NOUN
ajahs-3965	389	3	technology	technology	NOUN
ajahs-3965	389	4	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	389	5	science	science	NOUN
ajahs-3965	389	6	education	education	NOUN
ajahs-3965	389	7	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	389	8	students	student	NOUN
ajahs-3965	389	9	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	389	10	specific	specific	ADJ
ajahs-3965	389	11	learning	learning	NOUN
ajahs-3965	389	12	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
ajahs-3965	389	13	:	:	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	389	14	its	its	PRON
ajahs-3965	389	15	effect	effect	NOUN
ajahs-3965	389	16	on	on	ADP
ajahs-3965	389	17	students	student	NOUN
ajahs-3965	389	18	’	'	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	389	19	learning	learning	NOUN
ajahs-3965	389	20	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	389	21	views	view	NOUN
ajahs-3965	389	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	390	1	research	research	NOUN
ajahs-3965	390	2	in	in	ADP
ajahs-3965	390	3	science	science	NOUN
ajahs-3965	390	4	&	&	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	390	5	technological	technological	ADJ
ajahs-3965	390	6	education	education	NOUN
ajahs-3965	390	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	390	8	39	39	NUM
ajahs-3965	390	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	390	10	506	506	NUM
ajahs-3965	390	11	-	-	SYM
ajahs-3965	390	12	524	524	NUM
ajahs-3965	390	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	391	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/026	https://doi.org/10.1080/026	PROPN
ajahs-3965	391	2	35143.2021.1901682	35143.2021.1901682	NUM
ajahs-3965	391	3	young	young	PROPN
ajahs-3965	391	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	391	5	j.	j.	PROPN
ajahs-3965	391	6	(	(	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	391	7	2018	2018	NUM
ajahs-3965	391	8	)	)	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	391	9	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	392	1	alternative	alternative	ADJ
ajahs-3965	392	2	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ajahs-3965	392	3	for	for	ADP
ajahs-3965	392	4	solving	solve	VERB
ajahs-3965	392	5	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	392	6	problems	problem	NOUN
ajahs-3965	392	7	generated	generate	VERB
ajahs-3965	392	8	by	by	ADP
ajahs-3965	392	9	third	third	ADJ
ajahs-3965	392	10	grade	grade	NOUN
ajahs-3965	392	11	students	student	NOUN
ajahs-3965	392	12	’	'	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	392	13	proficient	proficient	ADJ
ajahs-3965	392	14	with	with	ADP
ajahs-3965	392	15	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	392	16	standard	standard	ADJ
ajahs-3965	392	17	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
ajahs-3965	392	18	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	393	1	https://core.ac.uk/download/	https://core.ac.uk/download/	X
ajahs-3965	393	2	pdf/199658437.pdf	pdf/199658437.pdf	NOUN
ajahs-3965	393	3	appendix	appendix	VERB
ajahs-3965	393	4	pre	pre	ADJ
ajahs-3965	393	5	-	-	NOUN
ajahs-3965	393	6	test	test	NOUN
ajahs-3965	393	7	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	393	8	post	post	ADJ
ajahs-3965	393	9	-	-	ADJ
ajahs-3965	393	10	test	test	ADJ
ajahs-3965	393	11	questions	question	NOUN
ajahs-3965	393	12	on	on	ADP
ajahs-3965	393	13	subtracting	subtract	VERB
ajahs-3965	393	14	1	1	NUM
ajahs-3965	393	15	-	-	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	393	16	digit	digit	NOUN
ajahs-3965	393	17	number	number	NOUN
ajahs-3965	393	18	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ajahs-3965	393	19	:	:	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	393	20	answer	answer	VERB
ajahs-3965	393	21	all	all	DET
ajahs-3965	393	22	questions	question	NOUN
ajahs-3965	393	23	1	1	NUM
ajahs-3965	393	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	393	25	cross	cross	VERB
ajahs-3965	393	26	out	out	ADV
ajahs-3965	393	27	6	6	NUM
ajahs-3965	393	28	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	393	29	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	393	30	count	count	VERB
ajahs-3965	393	31	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	393	32	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	393	33	left	leave	VERB
ajahs-3965	393	34	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	393	35	find	find	VERB
ajahs-3965	393	36	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	393	37	difference	difference	NOUN
ajahs-3965	393	38	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	394	1	8	8	NUM
ajahs-3965	394	2	–	–	SYM
ajahs-3965	394	3	6	6	NUM
ajahs-3965	394	4	=	=	SYM
ajahs-3965	394	5	2	2	NUM
ajahs-3965	394	6	.	.	X
ajahs-3965	394	7	cross	cross	VERB
ajahs-3965	394	8	out	out	ADV
ajahs-3965	394	9	3	3	NUM
ajahs-3965	394	10	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	394	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	394	12	count	count	VERB
ajahs-3965	394	13	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	394	14	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	394	15	left	leave	VERB
ajahs-3965	394	16	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	394	17	find	find	VERB
ajahs-3965	394	18	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	394	19	difference	difference	NOUN
ajahs-3965	394	20	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	395	1	7	7	NUM
ajahs-3965	395	2	–	–	SYM
ajahs-3965	395	3	3	3	NUM
ajahs-3965	395	4	=	=	SYM
ajahs-3965	395	5	3	3	X
ajahs-3965	395	6	.	.	X
ajahs-3965	395	7	cross	cross	VERB
ajahs-3965	395	8	out	out	ADV
ajahs-3965	395	9	4	4	NUM
ajahs-3965	395	10	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	395	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	395	12	count	count	VERB
ajahs-3965	395	13	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	395	14	sticks	stick	NOUN
ajahs-3965	395	15	left	leave	VERB
ajahs-3965	395	16	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	395	17	find	find	VERB
ajahs-3965	395	18	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	395	19	difference	difference	NOUN
ajahs-3965	395	20	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	396	1	6	6	NUM
ajahs-3965	396	2	–	–	SYM
ajahs-3965	396	3	4	4	NUM
ajahs-3965	396	4	=	=	SYM
ajahs-3965	396	5	subtract	subtract	VERB
ajahs-3965	396	6	and	and	CCONJ
ajahs-3965	396	7	find	find	VERB
ajahs-3965	396	8	the	the	DET
ajahs-3965	396	9	difference	difference	NOUN
ajahs-3965	396	10	.	.	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	397	1	4	4	NUM
ajahs-3965	397	2	.	.	NOUN
ajahs-3965	397	3	8	8	NUM
ajahs-3965	397	4	–	–	SYM
ajahs-3965	397	5	7	7	NUM
ajahs-3965	397	6	=	=	SYM
ajahs-3965	398	1	_	_	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	399	1	_	_	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	400	1	_	_	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	401	1	_	_	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	402	1	_	_	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	403	1	5	5	NUM
ajahs-3965	403	2	.	.	NOUN
ajahs-3965	403	3	9	9	NUM
ajahs-3965	403	4	–	–	SYM
ajahs-3965	403	5	9	9	NUM
ajahs-3965	404	1	=	=	SYM
ajahs-3965	404	2	_	_	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	405	1	_	_	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	406	1	_	_	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	407	1	_	_	PUNCT
ajahs-3965	407	2	_	_	PUNCT