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 VOLUME Vol.05 Issue07 2025 

PAGE NO. 16-20 

DOI 10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue07-04 

 
 
 
 

Comparative Study of Anthropometric Characteristics 

and Cardiorespiratory System Functional Activity in 

Girls Living in Different Regions of The Aral Sea Area 
 

Ibraymova Ayzada Keuilimjay qizi 

Master's student at Berdaq Karakalpak State University, Uzbekistan 

 

 

Received: 31 May 2025; Accepted: 27 June 2025; Published: 29 July 2025 

 

Abstract: This article presents a comparative study of anthropometric and cardiorespiratory indicators among 
adolescent girls living in different ecological zones of the Aral Sea region in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. Within 
the framework of the study, girls aged 11-15 from the districts of Muynak, Kungrad, and Takhtakupir were 
selected, and their body structure and functional activity of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems were 
assessed. 

Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in certain anthropometric parameters (body mass, arm and 
thigh length, shoulder width) depending on the ecological area. The results of this study highlight the extent to 
which the health of children living in the Aral Sea region is influenced by environmental conditions and may serve 
as a scientific basis for the development of regional health improvement measures. 

 

Keywords: Aral Sea region, ecological zones, adolescent girls, anthropometric indicators, body composition, 
cardiorespiratory system, health, ecological stress, regional differences, statistical analysis. 

 

Introduction: Over the past decades, as a result of the 
sharp decrease in water volume in the Aral Sea, the 
ecological situation in the lower reaches of the Amu 
Darya has begun to deteriorate. The continental 
characteristics of the climate in the region have 
intensified, air humidity has sharply decreased, and the 
process of the Aral shores drying up and turning into 
desert has accelerated. Degradation of natural 
resources and pollution of the environment with 
pesticides and industrial waste are being observed. 

The rise of salt and dust into the air from the dried part 
of the Aral Sea is causing the disruption of sanitary-
hygienic, medical-biological, and ecological conditions 
in this area. As a result, a deep transformation process 
occurred in the Aral Sea natural ecosystems and large-
scale ecological changes were observed. This situation 
led to the formation of a new ecological center that can 
be called an "extreme environment." 

Today, the issue of determining exactly which factors 
are causing the decline in health indicators of the 
population in the Republic of Uzbekistan is urgent. 

Finding a clear and scientifically based answer to this 
question is complex and requires a multifaceted 
approach. In particular, the systematic study of adverse 
factors affecting health and identifying their causes and 
consequences is one of the most important directions 
of modern physiological science. 

From this point of view, studying the anthropometric 
indicators and functional activity of the 
cardiorespiratory system of young people, particularly 
girls, living in the ecologically distinct Aral Sea region is 
of great scientific and practical importance. 

Research Objectives 

The main goal of solving these problems consists of 
determining the adaptation level of the organism 
through comparative study of complex anthropometric 
indicators (height, body weight, body mass index, etc.) 
of girls aged 16-22 living in different ecological and 
climatic conditions of the Aral Sea region, as well as the 
functional activity of their cardiorespiratory system. In 
achieving this goal, the following tasks were 
accomplished: 

 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue07-04
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue07-04
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue07-04
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue07-04


American Journal of Applied Science and Technology 17 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajast 

American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745) 
 

 

1. Measuring anthropometric indicators in 
respondents selected from young girls living in the Aral 
Sea territories: 

• Height, body weight, BMI (body mass index) 

• Width of elbow and ankle joints 

• Circumference measurements of waist, hip, calf, 
wrist, shoulder, chest circumference 

• Skinfold thickness - front and back of shoulder, 
abdomen, back, front of thigh, back of calf 

2. Identifying somatotypic differences based on 
the above indicators and assessing the general 
developmental state of the organism through them. 

3. Determining cardiovascular and respiratory 
system indicators in girls: 

• Heart rate (HR) 

• Blood pressure (BP)    

• Respiratory rate (RR)    

• Vital capacity (VC) 

4. Comparing each indicator by regions and 
assessing the impact of ecological conditions on 
anthropometric and functional development. 

5. Describing physiological criteria that can be 
applied in monitoring youth health and developmental 
observation based on the obtained data. 

Various pathogenic factors present in the external 
environment negatively affect the human organism, 
disrupting organismic homeostasis, and this condition 
can cause the development of diseases. It has been 
particularly noted that ecological factors play a high 
role in the formation of widespread diseases such as 
atherosclerosis and malignant tumors (cancer). At the 
same time, ecological factors may play an important 
role in the development of other types of pathological 
conditions. 

Based on this approach, in scientific work conducted by 
Nurbekov M.K. and co-authors, new scientific 
information was presented about the impact of ecology 
on human health, particularly mechanisms for ensuring 

homeostasis at tissue and cellular levels and controlling 
the development of widespread diseases. In their 
research, functional changes occurring in the organism 
against the background of ecological stresses were 
deeply analyzed (1). 

Physical development is an important indicator 
reflecting the growth and development processes of 
the organism. In certain stages of ontogenesis, the 
mechanism of genotypic characteristics transforming 
into phenotypic characteristics under the influence of 
social environmental factors is observed. This process 
occurs during the growth and development stages of 
the organism (2). 

Physical development is the sum of morphometric 
indicators expressed through somatometry 
coefficients, physiometry, and functional activity 
indicators. Physical development is assessed based on 
the following main morphometric parameters: body 
height, body weight, and chest circumference (3, 4). For 
complete assessment, additional indicators such as leg 
and body length, shoulder and chest bone width, lung 
vital capacity, back muscle strength, hand grip strength, 
and functional work capacity are also taken into 
account. 

Somatoscopy (assessment based on external 
appearance of the body) includes the study of muscle 
and bone systems, skin condition, mucous membranes, 
and biological maturity level (5). 

METHODS 

The research was conducted among study participants 
living in the districts of Muynak, Kungrad, and 
Takhtakupir located in the Northern Aral Sea region. In 
determining body structure parameters, the generally 
accepted method proposed by Erkudov V.O., Zaslavsky 
D.V., Pugovkin A.P. was used. 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

The research results showed that there are significant 
differences between morphometric indicators in girls 
living in different ecological zones of the Northern Aral 
Sea region of the Republic of Karakalpakstan (Table 1). 

Table 1 

Physical Development in Girls Living in Different Areas of the Aral Sea Region 

(μ; (L.L.; U.L. 95% confidence interval) 

 
 

 

Indicators 

 
Zone 

№1 

 
Zone 

№2 

 
Zone 

№3 

P-value 

(Kruskal- 

Wallis 

test) 

P-value 

(pairwise 

comparisons) 

  



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Zone №1 - 

Zone №2 

Zone №1 

- Zone 

№3 

Zone 

№2 - 

Zone 

№3 

 55.31 55.24 53.19     

Body mass, kg (53.32; (54.29; (51.60; 0.04038 1 0.7256 0.03241 

 57.30) 56.19) 54.78)     

 161.59 162.08 160.72     

Height, cm (160.51; (161.22; (159.67; 0.05959 1 0.8515 0.05437 

 162.67) 162.93) 161.76)     

Trunk length, 

cm 

51.42 

(50.37; 

52.48) 

53.62 

(48.98; 

58.25) 

50.57 

(49.01; 

52.13) 

 

0.177 

 

1 

 

0.2033 

 

0.4631 

 67.81 66.80 64.63     

Arm length, cm (66.05; (65.66; (62.82; 0.01534 0.6735 0.01601 0.09581 

 69.56) 67.93) 66.44)     

Shoulder 

length, cm 

30.23 

(29.63; 

30.83) 

29.89 

(29.34; 

30.44) 

29.45 

(28.37; 

30.52) 

 

0.08222 

 

1 

 

0.09614 

 

0.2343 

Forearm length, 

cm 

23.32 

(22.81; 

23.82) 

23.41 

(23.09; 

23.72) 

22.77 

(22.18; 

23.36) 

 

0.1913 

 

1 

 

0.4026 

 

0.2787 

Hand length, 

cm 

19.70 

(15.62; 

23.79) 

18.09 

(16.07; 

20.11) 

16.20 

(14.92; 

17.49) 

 

0.002578 

 

0.3363 

 

0.002821 

 

0.0371 

 85.13 86.72 84.55     

Leg length, cm (83.07; (85.52; (82.03; 0.09749 0.2591 1 0.2371 

 87.20) 87.91) 87.08)     

Thigh length, 

cm 

50.29 

(48.71; 

51.86) 

49.70 

(48.95; 

50.45) 

47.04 

(45.52; 

48.56) 

 
0.01418 

 
1 

 
0.06605 

 
0.01681 

 34.90 36.09 36.66     

Calf length, cm (33.93; (35.39; (35.16; 0.0855 0.2496 0.08886 1 

 35.88) 36.79) 38.16)     

 

 



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American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745) 
 

 

 

 

Indicators 

 

Zone 

№1 

 

Zone 

№2 

 

Zone 

№3 

P-value 

(Kruskal- 

Wallis 

test) 

P-value 

(pairwise 

comparisons) 

  

 

Foot length, cm 

21.58 

(20.88; 

22.28) 

21.45 

(20.74; 

22.17) 

21.15 

(20.15; 

22.14) 

 

0.493 

 

1 

 

0.6736 

 

1 

Chest sagittal 

diameter, cm 

25.50 

(23.99; 

27.02) 

24.76 

(24.47; 

25.06) 

24.76 

(23.74; 

25.79) 

 

0.1907 

 

1 

 

0.3761 

 

0.2968 

Chest 

transverse 

diameter, cm 

17.11 

(16.41; 

17.81) 

17.69 

(16.92; 

18.46) 

17.71 

(16.80; 

18.62) 

 

0.987 

 

1 

 

1 

 

1 

Shoulder 

acromial 

diameter, cm 

31.28 

(30.28; 

32.28) 

31.80 

(31.08; 

32.51) 

32.27 

(31.05; 

33.49) 

 
0.02451 

 
0.3014 

 
0.02473 

 
0.2953 

Chest 

circumference, 

cm 

84.17 

(82.64; 

85.69) 

84.86 

(83.95; 

85.76) 

85.59 

(84.02; 

87.16) 

 
0.5678 

 
1 

 
0.9158 

 
1 

Distantia 

cristarum, cm 

25.86 

(25.18; 

26.54) 

26.16 

(25.69; 

26.64) 

26.76 

(26.15; 

27.37) 

 

0.04587 

 

1 

 

0.06072 

 

0.1263 

True conjugate, cm 
18.64 

(18.06; 

19.22) 

18.60 

(18.26; 

18.95) 

18.92 

(18.19; 

19.65) 

 

0.8288 

 

1 

 

1 

 

1 

Distantia 

trochanterica, 

cm 

31.53 

(30.85; 

32.21) 

31.60 

(31.22; 

31.97) 

31.05 

(30.58; 

31.53) 

 

0.3116 

 

1 

 

0.9105 

 

0.3938 

Pelvic 

circumference, 

cm 

90.91 

(88.82; 

93.00) 

91.64 

(90.34; 

92.95) 

90.84 

(88.90; 

92.77) 

 

0.793 

 

1 

 

1 

 

1 

        

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS RESULTS 

According to experimental results, a statistically 
significant difference was observed between zones 1 
and 3 in terms of body mass (P = 0.03241), indicating 
that girls living in zone 3 have relatively lower body 

weight. The differences between other zones were not 
at a significant level. 

Arm length showed a notable difference between 
zones 1 and 3 (P = 0.01601), indicating that zone 3 girls 
lag behind in anthropometric development. A similar 



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American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745) 
 

 

tendency was observed in hand length, with a clear 
difference between zones 1 and 3 (P = 0.002821). 

The difference between zones 1 and 3 in thigh length 
was statistically significant (P = 0.01681). Such 
differences may have emerged under the influence of 
ecological conditions and social factors. 

Additionally, significant differences were noted in 
shoulder acromial diameter (P = 0.02473) and distantia 
cristarum (P = 0.04587) indicators. It can be noted that 
these features have considerable differences in 
morphological development. 

Other indicators, including height, true conjugate, and 
pelvic circumference diameter, showed no statistically 
significant differences between zones (P > 0.05), 
indicating that some morphometric features are more 
stable relative to ecological variability. 

CONCLUSION 

The conducted scientific research showed that there 
are certain differences between anthropometric and 
morphofunctional indicators of girls living in different 
ecological areas of the Aral Sea region of the Republic 
of Karakalpakstan. 

It was determined that there are statistically significant 
differences in body weight, arm length, hand length, 
thigh length, shoulder width, and some measurements 
of pelvic bones among adolescent girls living in 
Muynak, Kungrad, and Takhtakupir districts. These 
differences may be related to ecological factors, 
environmental quality, nutrition level, and socio-
economic conditions. 

Additionally, some functional indicators related to the 
cardiorespiratory system were observed to differ 
slightly according to ecological zones. These results can 
serve as an important practical basis for developing 
regional rehabilitation and health improvement 
programs in forming a healthy generation adapted to 
the ecological environment of the Aral Sea region in the 
future. 

REFERENCES 

Nurbekov M.K., Speranskaya O.A., Susova M.I., 
Minkova N.O., Yarygin D.V., Rasulov M.M. Human 
ecology in the aspect of new data on mechanisms of 
ensuring tissue and cellular homeostasis and 
controlling the development of common pathologies // 
Social-ecological technologies. 2012. №1. 

Tulyakova O.V., Avdeeva M.S., Sizova E.N. Regional 
features of physical development of boys and girls in 
Kirov at birth, at 1 year and at 7 years // New research. 
- 2012. - №13. - P. 74-87. 

Klimenko E.A. Methodology for assessing physical 
development of children and adolescents // Materials 

on additional ecological education of students: 
collection of articles / Ed. by M.N. Sionova, S.K. 
Alekseev. - Kaluga, 2008. - Issue IV. - P. 208-228. 

Rozumbetov K.U., Razhabova S.K., Abdullaeva G.V. 
Age-related features of morphofunctional formation of 
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Karakalpakstan (in Amudarya district). V International 
scientific-practical conference of students and young 
scientists. Kostanay: KSU named after A. Baitursynov, 
2020. - P. 358-364. 

Baranov A.A., Kuchma V.R., Skoblina N.A. Physical 
development of children and adolescents at the turn of 
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