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American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 03 PAGES: 44-51 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
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ABSTRACT 

Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus and complications is an urgent problem in modern medicine. In patients with a 

body mass index (BMI) above 25 kg/m2, indicators of markers of carbohydrate metabolism (serum glucose - fasting 

and postprandial glycemia, glycosylated hemoglobin and urine glucose) and lipid metabolism - total cholesterol (TC), 

triglycerides (TG), lipidogram (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol - LDL cholesterol, atherogenic index - AI is 

significantly higher, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol - HDL cholesterol is significantly lower than in patients 

with normal body mass index (BMI) and abdominal index (AI). A significant positive relationship between age, 

abdominal index, BMI, AI, glucose level in blood serum. Assessment of markers of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism 

should be included in the list of mandatory examinations of patients over the age of 30 years, and be strictly individual. 

There is a relationship between the progression of carbohydrate metabolism disorders and changes in lipid 

parameters metabolism in the examined women.The population should be widely informed about the development 

of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the progression of complications. 

KEYWORDS 

  Research Article 

 

PREVENTION OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS 

 
Submission Date: March 20, 2024, Accepted Date:  March 25, 2024,  

Published Date: March 30, 2024  

Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume04Issue03-06 

 

 

Abdurazakova Dilbar Sodikovna 
Phd, Associate Professor Andijan State Medical Institute The Republic Of Uzbekistan Andijan City Department 

Of Hospital Therapy And Endocrinology, Uzbekistan 

 

Yusupova Shahnoza Kadirjanovna 
Doctor Of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Uzbekistan 

 

Saidjonova Feruza Latifjonovna 
Assistant Department Of Pathological Anatomy, Uzbekistan 

 

Jabbarov Ibrohimjon Adhamjon O’gli 
Master Degree 3rd Year Specialty: Endocrinology, Uzbekistan 

Journal Website: 

https://theusajournals.

com/index.php/ajbspi 

Copyright: Original 

content from this work 

may be used under the 

terms of the creative 

commons attributes 

4.0 licence. 

 

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VOLUME 04 ISSUE 03 PAGES: 44-51 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
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Diabetes mellitus type 2, atherogenicity index. lipid metabolism, abdominal index, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, 

insulin, body mass index, carbohydrate metabolism. 

INTRODUCTION

The term “diabetes mellitus”, as defined by the World 

Health Organization (WHO), means a metabolic 

disorder of multiple etiologies, which is characterized 

by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances in the 

metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins as a 

result of disturbances in insulin secretion and / insulin 

action. Diabetes is the only non-communicable disease 

(meaning especially dangerous infections - plague, 

smallpox, etc.) taken under control by the United 

Nations (UN). Diabetes mellitus (DM) - type 2, the most 

common endocrine disease, represents a serious 

medical and social problem due to the widespread 

progressive increase in incidence, chronic course and 

high frequency of disabling complications [1; 4]. 

According to forecasts, by 2040 their total the number 

will reach 642 million1 [4]. Every 6 sec. One person in 

the world dies from diabetes and its complications2. 

1 IDF Diabetes Atlas. 7th ed. 2015 [Electronic resource]. 

URL: http://www.diabetesatlas.org (access date: 

12/09/2018) 2 Ibid. 3 Petri C., Stefani L., Bini V., 

Mascherini G., Francini L., De Angelis M., Galanti G. Life 

style and nutrition habits in type 2 diabetes [Electronic 

resource]. URL: 

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278024473 

(access date: 12/09/2018) 

Disorders of lipid metabolism, changes in body weight 

and abdominal index have a huge impact on 

carbohydrate metabolism. Currently, among the 

leading causes of carbohydrate metabolism disorders 

are an unhealthy lifestyle, in particular unhealthy diet, 

low physical activity, emotional stress, etc.3 [27; 33; 

36]. This prompted the development of behavioral 

therapy rules for people with carbohydrate 

metabolism disorders, which include 7 basic principles: 

1) healthy eating; 2) physical activity; 3) blood glucose 

monitoring; 4) taking medications1 5) preventing 

stress; 6) risk reduction; 7) correct behavior in case of 

illness [17; 21; 23; 28]. The most common disorder of 

carbohydrate metabolism is hyperglycemia, which is 

characterized by a persistent increase in blood glucose 

levels (above 6.1 mmol/l in fasting venous blood) and is 

one of the symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus. 

Target: assess patients' awareness of the importance 

of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders as a 

risk factor for the development and progression of 

complications of diabetes mellitus 

Materials and methods: The study included 280 women 

living in the Andijan region, aged from 30 to 65 years, 

the average age was 47.0±2.26 [Me 45.5; 95%CI 41.6-

46.5] years. 

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Volume 04 Issue 03-2024 46 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 03 PAGES: 44-51 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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  The control group included 40 women of similar age 

without carbohydrate disorders. fat metabolism. 

Average age 47.4±3.69 [Me 45.5; 95%CI 45.1-47.6] 

years. 

The surveyed women were interviewed and 

questioned on the basis of a special questionnaire 

compiled by endocrinologists of our department, BMI 

was determined (according to the classification of 

overweight in adults depending on BMI according to 

WHO, 1997; 16-18.5 kg/m2 underweight, norm 18.5- 24.9 

m/kg2, overweight 25-29.9 kg/m2, obesity 1st degree 

30-34.9 kg/m2, obesity 2nd degree 35-40 kg/m2, 40 

kg/m2 and more obesity 3rd degree), abdominal 

obesity according to WHO with the calculation of the 

ratio of waist circumference (WC) to hips (HC) 

measured in centimeters. 

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) 

data collection protocol,[6] waist circumference 

should be measured at the midpoint between the 

lower edge of the last palpable rib and the upper part 

of the iliac crest. The measurement is taken with a non-

stretch tape at a constant tension of 100 g. The pelvic 

circumference is measured around the widest part of 

the buttocks, the tape is held parallel to the floor. For 

both measurements, the person should wear a 

minimum of clothing and stand with their feet 

together, arms at their sides, and body weight evenly 

distributed. The patient should be relaxed and 

measurements should be taken during the expiratory 

phase during normal breathing. Each measurement 

should be repeated twice; If the measurements are 

within 1 cm of each other, the average should be 

calculated. If the difference between two 

measurements exceeds 1 cm, the two measurements 

must be repeated. [7] 

WC and BMI (more than 0.85 and 30 kg/m2, 

respectively, in women is considered abdominal 

obesity). The levels of fasting glucose, insulin, glycated 

hemoglobin, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, in the blood were 

determined. The atherogenic index (AI) was 

calculated, 

  according to the formula CA = (total cholesterol - 

HDL/HDL), the norm of the coefficient is -3.0  

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

An analysis of the results of a survey of women 

showed: 65% of women were not aware that an 

increase in the abdominal index, BMI, disorders of 

carbohydrate and lipid metabolism leads to the 

development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the 

progression of its complications. 70% of respondents 

did not follow a proper diet. Among women, 

overweight was detected in 90 women (32%), 42 (15%) 

were obese, and 20 (8%) were underweight. Among 

overweight women, 75 fasting blood glucose levels 

were 5.2 - 5.9 mmol/l, 9 women had 6.0 - 6.9 mmol/l 

(glycated hemoglobin 6.5 - 6.7%, 6.8-7.0, respectively), 

63% of the examined women on the lipid profile, HDL 

levels were below standard values. Of the 42 patients 

with stage 1 obesity (BMI 30-34.9 kg/m2), 27 women 

(64%) suffered. Patients with high levels of the 

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Volume 04 Issue 03-2024 47 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 03 PAGES: 44-51 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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atherogenic index and BMI, in comparison with the 

control group, had statistically significantly high levels 

of LDL cholesterol and significantly higher levels of 

insulin (norm 3-25 mKed/l in adults) and glycated 

hemoglobin in the blood, as well as relatively high 

levels of total cholesterol (4.97±0.43mmol/l vs 

3.38±0.32mmol/l; P=0.05) and TG (2.03±0.30mmol/l vs 

0.94±0.10mmol/l; P=0.05), as well as higher AI 

(3.33±0.27 versus 1.91±0.35; P=0.01). While HDL 

cholesterol levels (1.13±0.03 mmol/l) were significantly 

lower than in the group without carbohydrate 

metabolism disorders. 

CONCLUSIONS 

1. Patients should be aware of the impact of 

carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders on the 

development and progression of type 2 diabetes 

mellitus and trained in preventive measures. 

  2. An increase in the abdominal index and BMI 

correlated with the indicator of impaired fasting 

glycemia, the level of glycated hemoglobin, as well as 

the values of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL 

cholesterol. AI is significantly higher, and HDL-C is 

significantly lower than in women with normal BMI and 

abdominal index. 

3. A positive relationship was found between age, BMI 

and AI. 

4. Assessment of lipid metabolism, BMI, and abdominal 

index should be included in the list of mandatory 

examinations of patients with impaired carbohydrate 

metabolism. 

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volume 9, no. 1 http:// sciforedu.ru ISSN 2658-6762 

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