







































Volume 04 Issue 03-2024 18 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 03 PAGES: 18-23 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ABSTRACT 

It follows from the literature data that the absence of obvious clinical symptoms of urolithiasis and calculous 

pyelonephritis in children can lead to diagnostic errors in 8-32% of cases. The purpose of this study was to identify the 

features of the clinical course of urolithiasis in children hospitalized for emergency indications. In the course of the 

work, the results of clinical and laboratory diagnostics of 158 children with emergency pathology of the kidneys and 

urinary tract were analyzed. In accordance with the data obtained, the main clinical signs of urolithiasis in children 

were identified during their emergency hospitalization. 

KEYWORDS 

Urolithiasis, children, clinic, diagnosis. 

INTRODUCTION

  Research Article 

 

FEATURES OF THE CLINICAL DEPICTION OF UROLITHIASIS IN CHILDREN 

URGENTLY HOSPITALIZED IN A HOSPITAL 

Submission Date: March 07, 2024, Accepted Date:  March 12, 2024,  

Published Date: March 17, 2024  

Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume04Issue03-03 

 

 

Farkhod Shavkatovich Mavlyanov  
MD, Associate Professor of the Department of Pediatric Surgery No. 2, Samarkand State Medical University, 

Samarkand, Uzbekistan 

 

Shavkat Khojamkulovich Mavlyanov  
Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Pediatric Surgery No. 2, Samarkand 

State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan 

 

Firdavs Mukhiddinovich Tukhtaev  
Senior Lecturer at the Department of Surgical Diseases No. 1, Transplantation and Urology, Samarkand State 

Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan 

 

Journal Website: 

https://theusajournals.

com/index.php/ajbspi 

Copyright: Original 

content from this work 

may be used under the 

terms of the creative 

commons attributes 

4.0 licence. 

 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01
https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=
https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query=
https://theusajournals.com/
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume04Issue03-03
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume04Issue03-03
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajbspi
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajbspi
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajbspi
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajbspi


Volume 04 Issue 03-2024 19 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 03 PAGES: 18-23 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

Various studies have noted a steady increase in the 

incidence of urolithiasis worldwide. Urolithiasis in 

children of different age groups is one of the forms of 

metabolic disorders. Scientists predict that this trend 

will continue to intensify due to an increase in the 

number of adverse environmental and social factors [3, 

6, 7, 8, 9]. 

A variety of clinical manifestations of diseases of the 

genitourinary system, as well as diagnostic errors in 

their recognition, often lead to emergency 

hospitalization of children with a diagnosis of "acute 

abdomen" [1, 5, 6, 10]. Incorrect diagnosis can make 

therapy ineffective, cause psychoemotional injuries in 

patients and their relatives, and lead to irreversible 

metabolic disorders, which negatively affects the 

health and quality of life of the child [4, 8]. 

With the development of new technologies in 

medicine, including in urology, the approach to the 

diagnosis and treatment of urolithiasis has changed 

significantly in recent years. Minimally invasive 

methods of removing stones from the urinary system 

in children, such as percutaneous and contact 

nephrolithotripsy, are becoming more common. They 

are less traumatic and provide effective sanitation of 

the kidneys from stones [1, 2]. 

The purpose of the research 

Having studied the results of clinical and instrumental 

studies, to identify the characteristic features of the 

course of urolithiasis in children who were urgently 

hospitalized. 

METHOD 

The analysis of the results of diagnosis and treatment 

was carried out in 158 children with emergency 

pathologies of the kidneys and urinary organs, who 

were hospitalized in the department of surgery and 

combined childhood trauma of the Samarkand branch 

of the Republican Scientific Center for Emergency 

Medical Care for the period from 2020 to 2021. Of 

these, 87 (55.06%) were boys, and 71 (44.94%) were 

girls. 

Despite the widespread use of modern diagnostic 

methods, the implementation of objective research 

methods remains relevant. Important data on the 

condition of patients were obtained during an 

objective examination, including an assessment of the 

skin and mucous membranes, as well as signs of 

discoloration, which may indicate the presence of 

pathology of the urinary system and disorders of the 

water-electrolyte balance, as well as signs of chronic 

kidney disease. Special attention was paid to the 

symmetry of the zones, the absence of protrusions, the 

presence of redness on the skin and scars after surgery 

during visual examination of the lumbar and abdominal 

areas. During palpation, the abdominal organs and the 

suprapubic zone were also examined. 

 

In the initial diagnosis, data from clinical, laboratory 

and instrumental examinations, including X-ray and 

ultrasound examinations, were used to clarify the 

diagnosis of calculous pyelonephritis. The general 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01
https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=
https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query=


Volume 04 Issue 03-2024 20 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 03 PAGES: 18-23 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

condition of the patient at admission, as well as various 

manifestations of urolithiasis, determined the non-

standard scope and sequence of diagnostic methods 

used. 

RESULTS 

According to the data obtained, the majority of 

patients with acute diseases of the urinary system 

were 123 patients with "Urolithiasis", urinary tract 

infection was diagnosed in 19 patients. 15 children were 

urgently hospitalized with obstructive uropathies. 

During the observed period, 1 child was treated with a 

kidney injury (Fig. 1.). 

 

Figure 1. Causes of acute surgical 

diseases of the urinary tract in children. 
 

During the examination of 123 patients suffering from 

urolithiasis, it was revealed that the most common 

concomitant pathology is chronic calculous 

pyelonephritis. Based on the anamnestic data and the 

clinical picture, 92 (74.8%) patients were diagnosed 

with infectious and inflammatory diseases of the 

urinary tract. 

The analysis of the clinical material revealed that 

among 123 patients with urolithiasis, the condition of 

moderate severity was noted in 107 (86.9%) children, 

while 16 (13.1%) were in serious condition. In 97 

patients, unilateral kidney damage was detected: in 57 

- in the right kidney, in 40 - in the left. 9 patients had 

bilateral lesions. 

One of the most striking symptoms, which became a 

signal for parents to seek emergency help from a 

pediatric surgeon, was abdominal pain in children. The 

nature of the pain varied depending on the age of the 

child: it could be constant or periodic, cramping or 

aching, but in most cases it was severe. Such symptoms 

often led parents to assume that there was a surgical 

pathology. Pain in the area of stone localization was 

the main clinical sign that led to the emergency 

hospitalization of all children. 

0 20 40 60

Kidney stones

Obstructive urolithiasis

Infections of the urine ways

Kidney injury

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01
https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=
https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query=


Volume 04 Issue 03-2024 21 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 03 PAGES: 18-23 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

 
 

                 Figure 2. Clinical 

manifestations of urolithiasis in children 
 

High body temperature of 38-400 C. was observed in 

90% of patients. Children with urolithiasis hospitalized 

for emergency indications showed signs of intoxication 

in the form of general weakness, fatigue, and 

headache. In comorbidity with other somatic 

pathology, ICD occurred in the overwhelming number 

of patients – 84.7% of cases. 

The analysis of clinical material showed that about 90% 

of children with urolithiasis suffered from rickets in 

infancy, had a body weight deficit of 10 to 40%, anemia, 

immunodeficiency, hypoproteinemia, as well as the 

threat of exacerbation of chronic purulent septic 

diseases. 

The study of some indicators of homeostasis showed 

that in the examined children with urolithiasis, 

homeostasis undergoes significant changes. Thus, 87% 

of patients had anemia, of which 65% had a red blood 

cell count of 2.6 ± 0.3*1012L, 35% - 3.2 ± 0.2*1012/l. 

Accordingly, in 80% of patients the hemoglobin content 

was 80.0±12.4 g/l, in 20% the hemoglobin was on 

average 102.0±11.0 g/l. The severity of the inflammatory 

process was assessed by the degree of leukocytosis, 

increased ESR and leukocyturia. Leukocytosis above 

8.0x109 was detected in 85.5% of patients with an 

average value of 8.3 ± 1.8, increased ESR was noted in 

92.7% - an average value of 20.2 ± 3.0.  

Dysuric syndrome was the main clinical manifestation 

of urinary infection, manifested in patients with 

calculous pyelonephritis and cystitis. The syndrome 

manifested itself in the form of painful urination, 

macrohematuria, leukocyturia and bacteruria. These 

symptoms, combined with intoxication, indicated the 

activity of the inflammatory process in the urinary tract 

and the kidney itself. Exacerbations of pyelonephritis 

were, on the one hand, a reason for children to go to 

medical institutions, and on the other hand, they 

testified to the progression of the pathological process 

in a burdened form.  

To identify the nature of the microflora of the urinary 

tract and determine the sensitivity of antibacterial 

drugs to them, a bacteriological examination of urine 

was performed. Of 123 patients, 82 had bacteriological 

urine tests. Of these, 12 (14.6%) had no growth, 29 

100%

90%
95%

84.70%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Pain Hyperthermia Intoxication Сomorbidity

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01
https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=
https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query=


Volume 04 Issue 03-2024 22 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 03 PAGES: 18-23 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

(35.4%) had E,coli, 10 (12.2%) had Stafilococcus, 9 (11.4%) 

had Enterobacter, 8 (12.1%) had Proteus, 7 (5.3%) had 

Streptococcus, Citobacter was found in 7 patients (3%).  

As can be seen from Figure 3, in patients with signs of 

chronic latent pyelonephritis and the clinic of acute 

pyelonephritis, bacterial infection was mainly caused 

by microorganisms of the family E.coli, Stafilococcus, 

Enterobacter, Proteus, the degree of bacteriuria – 10⁵-

1012 microbial bodies in 1 ml. urine. rephrase the same 

thing leaving out percentages and numbers. 

 

 

Figure 3. Landscape of urine 

microflora in children with urolithiasis 

(N=82) 

 

DISCUSSION 

Children with urolithiasis have a variety of clinical 

symptoms, which is associated with damage to several 

organs and body systems. This is due to several factors, 

such as insufficient treatment of the underlying 

disease, late medical treatment, as well as relapses of 

inflammatory processes, leading to the chronization of 

pathology as the child grows up. 

• The study revealed the main complaints of 

children during emergency hospitalization with 

urolithiasis: 

• Renal colic, accompanied by intense pain in the 

abdomen, lower back and genitals. 

• Increased body temperature. 

• Decrease in urination volume. 

• Blood impurities in the urine. 

• Vomiting and nausea. 

CONCLUSIONS 

Urolithiasis in children is a serious medical and social 

problem, the prevalence of which remains at a high 

level and tends to increase. Difficulties arise in cases 

where the stone causes acute or chronic obstruction of 

the urinary tract, which requires the earliest possible 

surgical or conservative intervention. 

The clinical picture becomes more complicated with 

the addition of concomitant somatic diseases and 

malformations of the organs of the urinary system, 

which leads to a latent course of the disease and 

complicates timely diagnosis. Improving the quality of 

diagnosis of urolithiasis in children and reducing 

tactical errors is possible only with an integrated 

approach that takes into account patient complaints, 

medical history and clinical and laboratory data. 

нет роста, 
15.20%

E.Coli, 31.80%

Stafilicoccus, 
12.10%

Enterobacter, 
11.40%

Proteus, 
12.10%

K.pneumonea
7.60%

Streptococcus

0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

30.00%

35.00%

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01
https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=
https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query=


Volume 04 Issue 03-2024 23 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 03 PAGES: 18-23 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

REFERENCES 

1. Sh.A. Badalov, K.M. Sayyodov, B.A. Azizov, G.T. 

Bakieva. Diagnosis and tactics of surgical 

treatment of acute obstruction in nephrolithiasis in 

children // Mat. I – Congress of Urologists of the 

Republic of Tajikistan. Healthcare of Tajikistan No. 

3 Dushanbe, 2011. pp. 346-349. 

2. Sh.A. Badalov, H.I. Ibodov, T.Sh. Ikromov, Sh.Sh. 

Moyanova, N.S. Ibodov, K.M. Sayyodov Results of 

mini percutaneous interventions in unilateral 

nephrolithiasis in children // Healthcare of 

Tajikistan. Dushanbe, – 2021 No.1. From 36 to 40. 

3. S.I. Belai, M.A. Dovbysh, I.M. Belai Urolithiasis: the 

relevance of the issue and the prospects for its 

development // Bulletin of the Vitebsk State 

Medical University. - 2016. - Vol. 15, No. 5. - pp. 19-

26. 

4. Z.A. Boboev, D.M. Makhmadzhonov, Sh.R. 

Sultonov Determination of the quality of life of 

children with urolithiasis after surgery // J. 

Pediatrics. - Tashkent, 2017. - No. 2. – pp. 56-58.). 

5. M.S. Ignatova Pathology of the urinary system 

organs in children // A nephrologist. and dialysis. - 

2004. — No. 2. — pp. 127-131. 

6. F.M. Tukhtaev, Mavlyanov F.S. The structure of 

pathology of the genitourinary system in children 

who received inpatient care in the department of 

surgery and combined childhood trauma of the 

Samarkand branch of the Republican Scientific 

Center for Emergency Medical Care // Journal of 

Reproductive Health and uro-nephrological 

Research 2023, vol. 4, issue 2, pp.37-41 

7. M.A. Sharafutdinov. Primary and general morbidity 

of the population with diseases of the 

genitourinary system: dynamics and prognosis // 

Social aspects of public health. – 2011. – No. 4. – p. 

5. 

8. K. Sakhaee. 

Epidemiologyandclinicalpathophysiologyofuricaci

dkidneystones // J. Nephrol. – 2014. – Vol. 27, № 3. 

– P. 241-245. – doi: 10.1007/ s40620-013-0034-z. 

9. J. Shoag, G.E. Tasian, D.S. Goldfarb, B.H. Eisner. The 

New Epidemiology of Nephrolithiasis // Adv. 

Chronic Kidney Dis. – 2015. – Vol. 22, № 4. – P. 273-

278. – doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2015.04.004. 

10. F. Sh. Mavlyanov The Structure of the Pathology of 

the Genitourinary System in Children Who 

Received Inpatient Care in    the Department of 

Surgery and Combined Trauma of Childhood of the 

Samarkand Branch of the Republican Scientific 

Center for Emergency Medical Care // American 

Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences 2023, 

13(5): 596-599. 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01
https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=
https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query=

