







































Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 34 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 34-40 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ABSTRACT 

The article contains information about the development of livestock farming in our republic, the introduction of cattle 

breeding, increasing the production of cattle breeds, cattle products, and increasing the productivity of animals. 

KEYWORDS 

C husbandry, Ubre Blanca, Kazakh white, Santa Gertrude, Hereford breeds, Simmental, Kostroma breeds. 

INTRODUCTION

Cattle breeding is the main field of animal husbandry, 

and its milk and meat sectors have a special place in 

providing the population with important food 

products. Thick, heavy hides can be obtained from 

cattle, which can be used to make the best shoes. In 

addition, a lot of manure is obtained from cattle, which 

helps to increase the fertility of the land. 

The development of this sector in Uzbekistan is related 

to the specific characteristics of agriculture, irrigated 

agriculture has a positive effect on the development of 

cattle breeding. Therefore, cattle breeding is the main 

direction of animal husbandry in all irrigated regions of 

Uzbekistan. It is not without reason that 70% of the 

income of livestock products falls on this sector. 

In terms of milk productivity, cattle surpass all 

livestock. The fact that the milk yield of cows in the 

advanced farms of the republic is 4000-5000 kg 

indicates that there are huge untapped opportunities 

in this field. Milking of 110.5 kg of milk in one night from 

a cow named Ubre Blanca in Cuba shows that we do 

not use cows to their full potential. 

  Research Article 

 

THE IMPORTANCE OF LIVESTOCK IN THE ECONOMY AND THEIR 

BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS 
 

Submission Date: April 20, 2024, Accepted Date:  April 25, 2024,  

Published Date: April 30, 2024  

Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume04Issue04-06 

 

 

E.K. Zoldasbaeva 
2nd year student of biology education, Nukus State Pedagogical Institute named after Ajiniyaz, Uzbekistan 

Journal Website: 

https://theusajournals.

com/index.php/ajbspi 

Copyright: Original 

content from this work 

may be used under the 

terms of the creative 

commons attributes 

4.0 licence. 

 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01
https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=
https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query=
https://theusajournals.com/
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume04Issue04-06
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume04Issue04-06
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajbspi
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajbspi
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajbspi
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajbspi


Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 35 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 34-40 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

Cattle can be raised successfully in all regions of 

Uzbekistan, but the characteristics of agriculture, soil, 

geographical location, natural and climatic conditions 

of each region require selection of its direction and 

breeds . 

The unique structure of the gastrointestinal tract of 

cattle is capable of consuming and digesting coarse 

and bulky food with a large amount of fiber. Therefore, 

cattle can consume a lot of the above nutrients and 

give a lot of cheap livestock products with a small 

amount of feed. 

While digesting 55-60% of the fiber contained in the 

diet of cattle, this indicator is 30-18% in horses and pigs. 

Cattle can be fed mainly blue forages during the 

summer and coarse and succulent forages in the 

winter. Even in the diet of the most productive cows, 

75-80% of volume food can be made. 

The long life of cattle allows them to be used in the 

farm for many years. Some high-value bulls are 

reported to last 16-20 years, and cows 20-23 years. The 

main goal is to get more offspring from famous 

animals. But breeding and goods 10-12 years for cows 

and 7-8 years for bulls is considered suitable, then they 

do not justify themselves economically due to the 

decrease in the productivity and fertility of animals. 

In Uzbekistan, this sector is considered the main sector 

of animal husbandry and occupies a special place in the 

production of livestock products. 

The development of this industry cannot be said to be 

the same in all regions of the republic. 

There are more than 6.5 million cattle in the republic, 

of which more than 2.8 million are cows. 

On average, 1,600 kg of milk is obtained from one cow 

in the republic, which indicates that the opportunities 

in this field are not fully utilized. 

The average weight of cattle handed over to the state 

is 259 kg, which cannot be said to be at the level of 

today's requirements. This figure is 300-350 kg in 

several regions of the republic. In order to develop 

cattle breeding in the country , it is necessary to 

provide cattle with enough food, improve breeding 

work, and open a wide way for the development of this 

field in farms of different types of ownership. 

Increasing the production of livestock products, 

 increasing the productivity of animals, 

production of products food consumption for 

it is necessary to increase efficiency based on reducing 

the cost of products based on reduction. 

In order to develop cattle breeding in the country, 

taking into account the forms of ownership, it is 

necessary to improve production processes on the 

basis of scientific achievements and advanced 

experiences, in order to improve the production of 

cattle products in them, milk and beef. Issues of 

demarcation of cattle breeds in the republic  

determination, future improvement of the bred breeds 

development of guidelines, and  breeding 

requires the creation of a new system (line) and 

families of breeds that are being bred in farms. The use 

of cross-breeding and cross-breeding methods in 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01
https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=
https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query=


Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 36 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 34-40 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

improving breeding work in cattle breeding should 

serve as the key to increase herd quality and animal 

productivity in a short period of time. 

If necessary, in order to increase the proportion of 

purebred animals in the republic,  it is necessary 

to purchase a limited amount of cattle belonging to 

bright future breeds from foreign countries in the 

coming years. does. The quality of herds improvement 

in limited periods requires the widespread use of 

recognized bulls, after passing control on the 

productivity of their progeny, based on the widespread 

introduction of artificial insemination in farms of all 

types of ownership. 

One of the important areas of development of the 

industry is the problems of proper breeding of young 

cattle. To do this, it is necessary to drive cows in time, 

feed and keep cows, organize their birth, and organize 

the rearing of calves during the milk period and beyond 

at the standard level. For this purpose, after filling the 

herd , it is necessary to separate the born calves into 

groups for meat, and organize their rearing . Feeding 

the female calves specially allocated for replenishing 

the herd on the basis of separate rations, organizing 

rational storage and organizing them to be released at 

the age of 16-18 months when they reach the weight of 

340-350 kg, gives the opportunity to fill the herd of 

cows at the expense of the first born cows. In order to 

increase the milk productivity of cows, wean them in 

time before giving birth, arrange rest for cows before 

giving birth, organize the birth of cows in special 

departments, and feed them for 90-100 days. (razdoy) 

should have a special place. 

Organizing feeding of cows based on their live weight 

and productivity should be the main tool in realizing 

the potential of cows and milk productivity. 

Increasing the production of beef can be organized in 

farms of all types of ownership. Farms specializing in 

meat production should be distinguished in this area. 

In this regard, increasing the number of farms engaged 

in specialized meat cattle breeding will give positive 

results. 

For this purpose, it is possible to organize large and 

small farms of various types of ownership in the areas 

where there are natural meadows and pastures. These 

farms have a number of cattle breeds suitable for the 

conditions of Uzbekistan. 

To increase meat production, it is necessary to 

organize the work of proper growing of calves, 

maturing and fattening of the bodies. 

During the growing period of calves, it is desirable that 

their daily weight gain is 600-700 grams, and during the 

period of growing and fattening bodies, it is 800-1000 

grams . ¬can be transferred to sht. 

Transferring fattened bulls and cows to meat after 

fattening in all farms allows to gain 80-100 kg of 

additional weight from each head of animal. 

Today's cattle originated from a species that was 

widespread in the steppes of ancient Asia and Europe, 

and was completely destroyed in the 16th century. The 

species was domesticated in ancient Greece before 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01
https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=
https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query=


Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 37 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 34-40 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

7000 BC . As a result of long-term artificial selection, 

the body structure and behavior of the species have 

changed. Today there are many breeds of cattle that 

differ from each other in terms of wool color, 

productivity, body size, adaptation to local conditions . 

A cow's baby is called a calf. Adult female calves over 

one year old are called heifers, heifers that have given 

birth are called cows, and male cattle are called bulls or 

oxen. Cows differ from the ancient type in their 

docility, fertility, variety of wool color, and familiarity 

with their owner. 

Cattle are divided into breeds bred for milk, meat and 

milk-meat according to the nature of their use on the 

farm. Sersut breeds make up the main part of cattle. 

Red Steppe, Bushuyev, Black-Ola, and Schwitz cows 

bred in Uzbekistan give 3,000-6,000 kg of milk per 

year. 

Carnivorous breeds are raised mainly for the purpose 

of producing quality meat ¬. They do not give much 

milk, but they mature quickly. Shorthorn, Kazakh 

white, Santa-gertrude, Hereford breeds are bred from 

cows for meat. The average weight of Shorthorn cows 

is 650 kg, and that of bulls exceeds 1000 kg. Young 

bulls gain weight up to 1 kg per day, their weight 

reaches 450-500 kg at the age of 1.5-2.0 years. 

Cows raised for milk and meat produce a lot of milk and 

their meat is of good quality. Swiss Simmental and 

Russian Kostroma breeds are bred for this purpose. 

Simmental cows can produce up to 4000 kg of milk per 

year. The weight of their bulls is 850 kg, and their cows 

are 550-650 kg. 

Leather is also taken from cattle. Leather shoes and 

leather haberdashery are made from their skin. A 

variety of drugs, glue, soap and other products used in 

medicine are made from the waste of poultry houses. 

In some countries in South Asia, bulls are used as work 

animals for plowing and carting. 

Increase in the number of livestock in Uzbekistan. (at 

the beginning of the year, thousand heads) 

Animals 

Type 

 

 

Years 

1917 

 

1941 1961 1991 2012 

Total cattle 1342 1672.3 2231.7 4508.8 9642.0 
Including cows 487 621.6 873.9 1856.4 3878.2 

Sheep and goats 3821 5792.0 8901.0 9229.6 16187.1 
Horses 517 456.8 200.8 105.2 184.6 
Birds X 5458.3 7810.3 36025.6 42731.2 

 

Composition and nutritional value of milk of cows of different breeds 

(information from KV Markova) 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01
https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=
https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query=


Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 38 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 34-40 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

Breed 

Milk 

during 

305 days 

of 

lactation, 

kg 

Milk content, % 100 

gram 

right 

coming 

g 

1 liter 

of milk 

wedding 

the 

Kdi 

fat 

Whit

e 

tube

rcul

osis 

Sugar 
Dry 

substances 

Black 4250 3.62 3.25 4.90 12,18 95.0 2957 
Red desert 3386 3.82 3.48 4.66 12.68 91.0 3125 
Holstein 6510 3.60 3.25 - - - - 

Kostroma 4960 3.88 3.56 5.12 13.09 91.6 3251 
Jersey 3038 5.87 4.08 4.48 15.40 69.5 4120 

 

Sheep farming is a branch of animal husbandry that 

deals with raising sheep and goats. Sheep provide 

valuable raw materials (wool, skin, fur) and food 

products (meat, milk, fat) for light industry. Gazmol, 

knitted goods, carpets, skins, clothes from fur, cheese 

and brinza are made from sheep's wool. There are 

more than 1 billion sheep in the world. 

Sheep originated from mouflon and arhar, which were 

domesticated 8,000 years ago. Their young female is 

called sovlyk, the male is called a ram, and the newborn 

is called a lamb. Rams are always horned, and sovliks 

are hornless or have small horns. Sheep live 14-15 years, 

reach sexual maturity at 5-7 months. Usually sheep are 

used for 8-10 years. 

Depending on the product, sheep are divided into 

breeds that are bred for wool, leather, leather, meat 

and fat. Sheep from which wool is obtained, in turn, are 

divided into soft-wool, semi-soft-wool, and coarse-

wool breeds. The wool of soft-wooled sheep consists 

of a thin and long (8-10 cm) tuft. Elegant gazalami are 

woven from soft wool (ru no). 10-12 kg of wool is 

sheared from the merino breed of soft wool sheep in a 

year. Merino sheep are bred in the North Caucasus, the 

Volga and the south of Kazakhstan. 

Coarse-wool sheep's wool consists of wool, tweed and 

other types of wool. Coarse-wool sheep, in turn, are 

divided into smooth-skinned, dark-skinned, meat-fat, 

and meat-wool breeds. The Romanov breed , 

distributed in the Central Inferior region of Russia and 

the Urals, gives the best leather. 

Karakol is the skin of 1-3 day old Karakol lambs. Black 

skin is more black. There are also blue, brown, brown 

and other varieties of Karakol sheep. The golden and 

golden skins of the Karakol skin are very valuable. The 

original homeland of Karakol sheep is Bukhara. 

In Uzbekistan, Hisar sheep are raised for meat and fat. 

The weight of these breeds is 150 kg, the weight of the 

hips is up to 25 kg. 

Horse breeding is a branch of animal husbandry that 

deals with raising and using horses. Horses were 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01
https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=
https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query=


Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 39 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 34-40 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

domesticated 4,000 years ago, were widespread in the 

steppes of Europe and Asia, and descended from the 

tarpan, which became extinct 200 years ago. Since 

ancient times, people have used horses for carrying 

goods, riding, plowing, threshing grain, and plowing. 

Until recently, cavalry was considered the main 

fighting force in the army. Even now, in remote 

mountainous areas, horses are used as means of 

transport and auxiliary labor. Horses are also bred for 

meat and milk and for sports competitions. In addition, 

horse milk is used to make curative cream, and its 

blood is used to make curative serum. 

A newborn horse is called a mare or kulun, a male is 

called a stallion, a female is called baytal or biya, a two-

year-old horse is called a foal, a three-year-old is called 

a gonan, and a four-year-old is called a dunon . 

According to the color of the horse's hair, it is called by 

the names of torik, straw, ghir blue and others. 

Compared to other farm animals, they are adapted to 

run faster and have greater traction. 

Their upper and lower jaws have a space between the 

incisors and the molars. Water is transferred from this 

place. Riders control the horse with the help of a bridle. 

Horses live 25 sometimes up to 40 years. Conditioned 

reflexes are formed in them quickly and easily. 

Therefore, he learns quickly. 

There are more than 250 breeds of horses in the world. 

Breeds differ from each other in body structure and 

specialization in use. Depending on the use, the horse 

can be saddled (Arabian horse, Akhaltaka and Yovmut 

horses of Turkmenistan ) , a blanket attached to a cart 

or sled (Don and Orlov breeds of Russia, Lakai of 

Tajikistan, Karabayir horses of Uzbekistan), heavy load 

( Vladimir, Ardenne, Braband horses) are divided into 

breeds. 

Now horse breeding is developing in the direction of 

breeding, breeding of working horses, productive 

horse breeding, sport horse breeding. The main task of 

breeding yearlings is to improve the quality of existing 

yearling breeds, to breed valuable original and 

purebred yearling breeds for breeding. The basis of 

breeding yearlings is stud farms and breeding yearling 

farms and farms. In Uzbekistan, there are horse 

factories in Tashkent, Jizzakh and Kashkadarya 

regions. Breeding of working horses is carried out in 

yearling commodity farms under breeding farms. 

Productive breeding consists of meat and dairy 

breeding. Harvesting in this direction is carried out in 

mountainous and sub-mountainous regions, in 

Karakalpakstan. Delicious and high-calorie national 

traditional dishes (for example, gazi) are made from 

goat meat, and medicinal qimiz is made from horse 

milk. The Equestrian Yearling is engaged in breeding 

fast, hardy horses for teams participating in national 

equestrian games, international equestrian sports and 

Olympic competitions. National equestrian games 

(such as pokkari) prepare the ground for classical 

equestrian games. In our republic, great attention is 

paid to horse sports. Currently, there are republican 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01
https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=
https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query=


Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 40 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 34-40 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

federations of equestrian sports, equestrian sports, 

and horse racing. 

REFERENCES 

1. Т.Х. Икромов. “Чорвачилик асослари”. Дарслик. 

Ўқитувчи 1996 йил. 

2. Дўсқулов С. ва бошқалар. “Чорва молларини 

урчитиш” Ўқув қўлланма. 

3. Тошкент “Меҳнат” 1993 йил. 

4. У.Ш.Балласов, Р.Ҳ.Ҳамрокулов ва бошқалар. 

“Чорвачиликдан амалий 

5. машғулотлар”Ўқув қўлланма. Т. 1999 йил. 

6. И.М.Мақсудов, О.Р.Куччиев, У.Ходжаев 

“Чорвачилик асослари” фанидан 

7. амалий машғулотлар ўтказиш учун услубий 

қўлланма Тошкент 2013 й. 

8. Т.Ш.Акмалхонов., С.Ш.Исамухамедов., 

У.Т.Ходжаев., Б.Ш.Юсупов. 

9. “Чорвачиликдан амалий машғулотлар” Ўқув 

қўлланма. Тошкент - 2009 йил. 

10. Marlen Felius, Peter A. Koolmess, Bert Theunissen. 

On the Breeds of  Catttle Historic and Current 

Classifications 2011 Tutorial 

11. Stecen Lesson and J.O.Summers. Broiler Breeder. 

Production Kanada 2011 Textbook 

12. Rosalee Sinn, Paul Rudenberg, Barbara Carter. 

Raising CGoats for Milk and Meat. 2008 Textbook 

13. Writtent by Herman R. Purdy. R. John Dawes and 

Dr.Robert Hough, Revisions by Don Hutzel. Breds 

of Cattle. Updated ERevised 2nd edition 2008. 

Tutorial 

14. Н.И. Куликова, В.А. Кузнецов, О.Н. Ерёменко 

Основы разведения сельскохозяйственных 

животных и частная зоотехния. практикум 

Кроснодар 2013 г. 

15. Ф.К.Аметзянова, Д.Р.Шарипов, А.Р.Кашаева, 

С.Ф.Шайнуллин Методика составлелия и Анализ 

рационов для коров методическое указания 

дисцилинам по «Кормоприизводство и 

кормление животных» и «Кормление животных» 

Казан 2018 г. 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01
https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=
https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query=

