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American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 23-27 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ABSTRACT 

In this article, we look at the cutting-edge research and innovation that is transforming the sodium silicate 

pentahydrate production landscape. We will explore the basic conditions and scientific principles behind this 

technology, providing a comprehensive overview of the process from liquid glass processing to the production of the 

pentahydrate product. Additionally, we'll look at the potential economic, environmental and industrial impacts of this 

homegrown advance, illuminating how it could reshape the global sodium silicate market. 

KEYWORDS 

Domestic liquid glass, building materials, industry, chemical compounds, synthesis, sodium silicate pentahydrate, 

extraction, technology. 

INTRODUCTION

The term “liquid glass” is the general name for 

compounds formed by the reaction of sodium or 

potassium silicate with a mineral acid. The use of the 

term "liquid glass" to describe silicate suspension 

products has led to considerable confusion due to the 

lack of a clear definition of liquid glass. Historically, the 

term "liquid glass" was used to describe silicate 

solutions whose solubility exceeded the solubility limit 

of anhydrous silicates, and was usually prepared by 

dissolving silicon with an alkali metal carbonate and 

then dissolving it in water. This variety has been widely 

used in heavy industries such as mining, metalworking 

and ceramics. With the development of hydrated 

silicates, the term "liquid glass" became increasingly 

  Research Article 

 

THEORETICAL BASIS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SODIUM SILICATE 

PENTAHYDRATE 
 

Submission Date: April 14, 2024, Accepted Date:  April 19, 2024,  

Published Date: April 24, 2024  

Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume04Issue04-04 

 

 

Rakhmatov Marat Salimovich 
Bukhara Engineering and Technology Institute, Uzbekistan 

Journal Website: 

https://theusajournals.

com/index.php/ajbspi 

Copyright: Original 

content from this work 

may be used under the 

terms of the creative 

commons attributes 

4.0 licence. 

 

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Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 24 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 23-27 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

used to refer to these silicates, and as the number of 

silicate types and manufacturers increased, the term 

became less specific. As a result of uncertainty as to 

what grade of silicate is required for a particular 

application, the term "water glass" is not used and a 

more precise specification is usually required. Liquid 

glass, a mixture of silica and alkali, has been used since 

the early 19th century. Application, drying time, 

adhesion and tensile strength make the specification 

of each silicate model very important for each of the 

applications mentioned above. 

Nowadays, sodium silicate is very important due to its 

use in various fields. The main consumers of sodium 

silicate are synthetic detergents and the cardboard 

industry. If we trace the history of these industries, we 

will see that the growth of the detergent industry 

largely depends on the growth and production of 

washing machines. The increased demand for 

automatic washing machines has increased the 

demand for sodium silicate, which is used as a binder, 

buffer and anti-corrosion agent in the production of 

household washing machines. Sodium silicate has been 

found to be very useful in the production of detergents 

used in dishwashers. Using sodium silicate acid 

recycling technology, corrugated cardboard can be 

processed into recycled cardboard and boxes. Sodium 

silicate has been found to be useful in the following 

applications: binder for waste paper recycling, 

reinforcement and bonding processing, internal sizing 

and reinforcing additive. Without sodium silicate there 

are no other possible alternatives to the above 

conditions. This shows that the production of 

detergents and paperboard depends on sodium 

silicate. 

Consumer concerns about the environment, coupled 

with industry pricing pressures, are driving demand for 

environmentally friendly chemicals. This has led to an 

increase in the use of liquid sodium silicate as a raw 

material instead of solid silicate or potassium silicate. 

MAIN PART 

The goal is to create an industrial database of the 

characteristics and properties of these types of 

silicates and their response or effectiveness at various 

industrial scales. This allows for the intelligent 

development of new products and processes, and the 

determination of the amount of silicate required for a 

particular application with greater accuracy than is 

currently possible. This can only encourage further 

research into silicates that will benefit the industry. 

Erosion of the basis of inorganic materials and 

reactions can only occur at the stage of complete 

knowledge of the mechanism of these materials. This 

increases the likelihood that the detected program is 

not random. 

Typically, soluble silicates are slightly ionized at this pH 

and their solubility varies little over a wide pH range. 

Higher temperature increases solubility. The solubility 

of silicates at different pH values varies greatly among 

different silicon polymers. When the SiO2 level exceeds 

about 70%, silicas are formed, which are readily soluble 

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Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 25 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 23-27 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

in acids or alkalis. Unlike silicate, which can be 

neutralized and still remain the same material. Silica 

gels range from the acidic end of the pH range to alkali-

activated silicas, covering a range of ionized and 

weakly ionized colloidal materials. The significant 

increase in silicate solubility compared to modification 

of SiO2 polymers has interesting and often beneficial 

effects, especially in bonding and surface modification. 

Silicates are known for their ability to crosslink or 

change from a sol to a gel state with a noticeable 

change in pH. 

The pH value of a 1% solution is approximately 11-12; 

   4% solution - about 13-14. 

   The silicate anion is stable over a wide range of 

alkalinity. In highly concentrated solutions, the alkali 

can be absorbed by the cation exchange resin to such 

an extent that the silicate is converted into a soluble 

cationic form. This is also the mechanism by which 

silicate becomes silica. The stability of the ion in dilute 

solution causes the silicate to revert to anionic form 

and move to a higher pH environment. 

The solubility of sodium silicate is affected by the ratio 

of glass and alkali. As the ratio of SiO2 to Na2O 

increases, the solubility also increases due to the 

increased polymerization of the material. 

Quality control is one of the most important processes 

in sodium silicate pentahydrate technology because 

product quality changes as system conditions change. 

Sodium silicate pentahydrate is difficult to standardize 

due to the lack of specific characteristics to determine 

its quality. This is due to the fact that sodium silicate is 

very reactive towards other substances. Sodium 

silicate pentahydrate is best used immediately after 

production. But in fact, it is better to let it sit for a while 

before using it. Therefore, it is necessary to change the 

quality of sodium silicate pentahydrate to make it more 

stable. If too much gel forms, one amount may be good 

and another may be bad. The following properties are 

standard for determining the quality of sodium silicate 

pentahydrate: - viscosity - content of insoluble 

substances - pH value is a characteristic of sodium 

silicate, since viscosity describes the nature of sodium 

silicate. High viscosity sodium silicate has more stable 

quality. The high viscosity of sodium silicate makes the 

mixing process difficult when used to make soap. 

Typically, viscosity is determined in the pulp and paper 

machine testing room. 

CONCLUSION 

1. It is recommended to make minimal changes to 

existing technology. It is proposed to provide 

mechanical mixing for better mixing of the calcined 

gypsum and the setting agent. The energy requirement 

for a mechanical mixing device is slightly higher than 

for the existing paddle mixing system. But if 

productivity is controlled by the rate of addition of 

hardener, the overall increase in energy consumption 

can be kept within 3-4 percent. Additional energy costs 

are offset by reduced storage time for devices before 

testing and shipping. Adding a small dry surface water 

chamber to the block before removing the group mold 

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Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 26 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 23-27 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

makes it easier to rework the block early on, 

eliminating breaks and cracks. 

2. It is recommended to change the specification of the 

hardener to a narrow adjustment period and ensure 

availability of the product in the local market within the 

specified radius from the plant. This helps achieve 

greater consistency in block installation times and 

reduces unused hardener inventory in production. 3. 

Purchasing a simple instrument to measure the setting 

time and tensile bond strength of blocks, paying for or 

developing a more effective and environmentally 

friendly hardener, and conducting further research 

into the effect of surface coatings on the transfer of 

block properties is one of them. . other effective 

research directions that may be explored in the future. 

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Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 27 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 23-27 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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теории и практики электрохимических 

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