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American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 8-15 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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ABSTRACT 

Allergic diseases(AD) are one of the most urgent problems of modern medicine. The prevalence of bronchial asthma 

in children and adults in the Bukhara region was studied. The primary incidence of bronchial asthma in the age 

structure of the population was studied according to the coupons of an outpatient patient (form No. 025-12u) for 

2015–2019 in 10 age groups (1–5 years, 5–9 years, 10–14, 19, 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60 and older) in the city of 

Bukhara and twelve districts of the Bukhara region.The study of the distribution of indicators of the incidence of 

bronchial asthma in the Bukhara region revealed that the areas of risk for this pathology are areas with industrial 

zones: Karakul, Karulbazar and the city of Kagan. The risk groups for the incidence of bronchial asthma are children 

under 9 years of age and adults aged 60 years and older. The prevalence of bronchial asthma ranges from 5.5 per 1,000 

population in relatively clean areas of residence to 33.5 per 1,000 population in industrialized areas.  

Thus, the study showed that the highest incidence of general morbidity with bronchial asthma in children and adults 

is observed in the city of Kagan with the operation of an oil extraction plant, in the Karaulbazar district with an oil 

refinery and in the Karakul district with a Kandim gas processing plant. An increased risk of primary incidence of 

bronchial asthma exists for children aged 3 to 9 years and for adults 60 years of age and older. 

KEYWORDS 

Bronchial asthma, prevalence, distinctive features. 

INTRODUCTION

  Research Article 

 

PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ALLERGIC DISEASES 
 

Submission Date: April 11, 2024, Accepted Date:  April 16, 2024,  

Published Date: April 21, 2024  

Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume04Issue04-02 

 

 

Babadjanova Z. Kh  
DSc, dotsent, Bukhara State Medical Institute, Uzbekistan 

Journal Website: 

https://theusajournals.

com/index.php/ajbspi 

Copyright: Original 

content from this work 

may be used under the 

terms of the creative 

commons attributes 

4.0 licence. 

 

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Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 9 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 8-15 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

Allergic diseases (AD) are one of the most urgent 

problems of modern medicine. This is due to the high 

level of their prevalence, the ongoing growth of severe 

clinical manifestations, which often cause a 

deterioration in the quality of life, disability, and in 

some cases deaths among the population [1] 

The most serious allergic disease is bronchial asthma 

(BA), which is currently considered as not only a 

medical but also a social problem [5]. All over the 

world, including in Uzbekistan, there is a tendency to 

increase the incidence of bronchial asthma and its 

more severe course. Epidemiological studies indicate 

that in different regions of the world bronchial asthma 

affects from 4 to 8.2% of the population [1,4]. At the 

same time, in the adult population, the frequency of 

bronchial asthma varies within 5%, and in the children's 

population it increases to 5-12% [2]. 

Introduction: The study of the prevalence and risk 

factors for the development of the incidence of 

bronchial asthma in children and adults in the Bukhara 

region. 

METHODS 

A descriptive ecological epidemiological study was 

carried out. According to the statistical reporting form 

No. 12 “Information on the number of diseases 

registered in patients living in the service area of a 

medical institution”, the primary and general morbidity 

of the child (0–17 years) and adult (18 years and older) 

population in the cities and districts of Bukhara regions 

for 2015–2019. The primary incidence of bronchial 

asthma in the age structure of the population was 

studied according to the coupons of an outpatient 

patient (form No. 025-12u) for 2015–2019 in 10 age 

groups (1–5 years, 5–9 years, 10–14, 19, 20–29, 30–39, 

40–49, 50–59, 60 and older) in the city of Bukhara and 

twelve districts of the Bukhara region. To analyze the 

emission density of pollutants from stationary sources 

(solids, 

To describe the incidence, the average, minimum (min) 

and maximum (max) values for the corresponding time 

periods were used. In the spatial analysis, the average 

annual incidence rate in the whole of Bukhara region 

was taken as a control level. When studying the 

incidence in the age structure, the control level was 

taken as the average long-term incidence of the entire 

child (0–17 years) and the entire adult (18 years and 

older) population for each city and district separately. 

Comparison of the average incidence of bronchial 

asthma in the territories and in age groups with control 

levels was carried out using the ratio of indicators. 

Differences were considered epidemiologically 

pronounced if the ratio of indicators exceeded the 

value equal to 1.25. For the reason that, 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 

A comparative analysis of the overall incidence of 

bronchial asthma in the cities and districts of the 

Bukhara region (Table 1) among the child population 

revealed an excess of the incidence rate compared to 

the regional level in the districts Karakul, Alat and 

Vobkent at 1.3; 1.2 and 1.1 times, respectively. Among 

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Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 10 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 8-15 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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the adult population (Table 1), an excess of the overall 

morbidity rate compared to the regional level was 

observed in districts Gijduvan and Alat, Vobkent, 

Karaulbazar, the city of Bukhara at 1.5; 1.4; 1.4; 1.3 and 

1.32 times, respectively. In other territories, the overall 

incidence of bronchial asthma among children and 

adults did not exceed the average level. 

General and primary incidence of bronchial asthma in the city and districts of the 

Bukhara region for 2015–2019 (per 10,000 of the corresponding age group) 

Table1. 

Territory Children (0-17 years old) Adults (18 years and older) 

The 

average  

Min Max OP The 

average  

Min Max OP 

General morbidity 

City of Bukhara 108.2 95.5 120.9 0.76 113.9 105.6 122.

3 

1.32 

City of Kagan 105.4 88.5 122.3 0.75 123.7 108.6 138.

8 

1.08 

Bukhara district 112.2 105.5 118.9 0.81 117.1 101.6 132.

6 

1.17 

Gijduvan district 139.7 120.2 159.3 1.05 156.4 101.5 211.

2 

1.48 

Kagan district 108.4 98.5 118.3 0.76 89.1 65.6 112.

6 

0.86 

Peshkunsky district 145.7 112.6 178.9 1.09 118.8 87.9 149.

3 

0.92 

Vobkent district 127.2 86.2 168.2 1.17 145.2 112.3 178.

2 

1.41 

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Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 11 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 8-15 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

Alatsky district 165.6 123.1 208.2 1.22 155.5 115.2 195.

8 

1.44 

Karakul district 202.4 198.3 233.1 1.39 125.0 107.6 149.

1 

1.12 

Karaulbazar district 128.7 92.5 165.0 1.08 143.3 108.3 178.

2 

1.31 

Zhondor district 106.3 84.3 128.2 0.77 120.5 98.3 142.

6 

1.09 

Shofirkan district 102.4 78.1 126.7 0.74 127.7 102.3 153.

1 

1.26 

Romitan district 154.1 122.0 186.2 1.06 122.5 105.6 139.

4 

1.11 

Risk groups for the primary incidence of bronchial asthma in the city and districts of the 

Bukhara region (average for 2015–2019, per 10,000 of the corresponding age group) 

Table 2. 

 

 

Age 

group 

C
it

y
 o

f 
B

u
k
h

ar
a 

C
it

y
 o

f 
K

ag
an

 

B
u
k

h
ar

a 
d
is

tr
ic

t 

G
ij

d
u
v

an
 d

is
tr

ic
t 

K
ag

an
 d

is
tr

ic
t 

P
es

h
k
u
n

sk
y

 d
is

tr
ic

t 

V
o
b
k

en
t 

d
is

tr
ic

t 

A
la

ts
k
y

 d
is

tr
ic

t 

K
ar

ak
u

l 
d

is
tr

ic
t 

K
ar

au
lb

az
ar

 d
is

tr
ic

t 

Z
h

o
n

d
o

r 
d

is
tr

ic
t 

S
h

o
fi

rk
an

 d
is

tr
ic

t 

R
o

m
it

an
 d

is
tr

ic
t 

Child population (0–17 years old) 

Everyt

hing 

15.2 13.2 10.1 7.9 12.4 7.3 8.8 13.

2 

18.2 14.2 8.5 8.8 9.8 

1–4 g 7.8 11.2 9.8 8.8 14.1 7.9 10.2 12.

4 

16.7 15.2 10.6 11.7 9.6 

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Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 12 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 8-15 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

5–9 g 11.6 15.8 12.8 10.1 18.9 9.1 8.6 14.

3 

21.5 13.1 9.8 8.8 10.8 

10–14 

g 

12.6 17.3 10.2 11.3 10.6 8.5 12.6 11.

4 

18.5 12.1 14.2 16.0 12.8 

15–17 

g 

21.5 10.5 11.2 16.3 12.6 10.9 7.2 19.

8 

25.3 28.6 11.0 9.7 13.5 

Adult population (18 years and older) 

Everyt

hing 

19.2 16.2 14.5 11.3 15.1 16.2 12.5 17.

2 

22.6 19.3 9.8 7.8 12.5 

18-19 15.9 13.6 8.9 7.5 24.3 9.5 8.8 12.

3 

25.5 15.5 12.1 7.9 16.0 

20-29 26.2 17.8 12.6 15.3 36.2 14.2 14.4 15.

8 

43.4 23.2 13.5 12.5 10.6 

30-39 16.8 21.5 18.6 12.0 28.4 13.4 18.5 26.

8 

38.9 18.4 9.6 10.1 19.3 

40-49 21.5 24.3 10.4 18.8 15.5 22.5 20.3 36.

6 

45.6 33.1 16.6 19.3 25.3 

50-59 18.2 28.1 10.6 22.3 30.1 13.7 41.2 25.

2 

19.2 12.5 10.3 12.1 9.6 

60 and 

over 

11.3 13.8 18.3 19.2 12.3 13.4 11.4 13.

1 

16.3 26.1 17.6 10.3 16.3 

 

According to researchers, the frequency of clinically 

diagnosed bronchial asthma in industrial regions based 

on the ISAAC program at the age of 7-8 years was 

3.6±0.7%, at the age of 13-14 years - 9.7±0.8%. The true 

prevalence of BA among the child population in 

Chirchik, Almalyk, Angren averaged 6.6%, which is 

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Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 13 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

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(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 8-15 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
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almost 3 times higher than official statistics (average 

2.3%) (2). 

The study of the distribution of indicators of the 

incidence of bronchial asthma in the Bukhara region 

revealed that the areas of risk for this pathology are 

areas with industrial zones: Karakul, Karulbazar and 

the city of Kagan. The risk groups for the incidence of 

bronchial asthma are children under 9 years of age and 

adults aged 60 years and older. The prevalence of 

bronchial asthma ranges from 5.5 per 1,000 population 

in relatively clean areas of residence to 33.5 per 1,000 

population in industrialized areas. The researchers, 

having analyzed the case histories of patients with 

bronchial asthma, found that at the time of admission 

to the hospital, 72.1% of the inhabitants of the industrial 

territory of Karakul had 5 or more asthma attacks, 

while in relatively clean areas (in the control group) - 

56% (p < 0 .05). In addition, 21 

The conjugated analysis of hygienic indicators 

characterizing the state of the habitat, and indicators 

of the health of the population, performed on the 

territory of the Korakul district, made it possible to 

assess the contribution of the technogenic load to the 

formation of environmentally caused diseases. The 

incidence of bronchial asthma in children was 

statistically significantly higher in areas with a high 

level of air pollution (p<0.05). 

Indeed, the long stay of children in the home, the use 

of modern finishing materials, heating, humidification 

and ventilation technologies in residential buildings 

have changed indoor air quality and increased its 

impact on the respiratory system. Living in dusty, 

poorly ventilated, damp rooms, keeping and breeding 

various animals and birds at home significantly affect 

the incidence of bronchial asthma. In addition, 

cigarette smoking, including the passive form, 

increases the risk of developing and aggravates the 

course of bronchial asthma. Bronchial asthma can 

occur at any age. Approximately half of the patients 

develop the disease in the first 10 years of life, another 

third - up to 40 years. The results of this study showed 

that the risk groups for the incidence of bronchial 

asthma in the districts of the Bukhara region are 

children in the age groups of 3–4, 5–6 and 7–9 years, 

which is consistent with the data of a study performed 

in the Tashkent region, where the highest prevalence 

of bronchial asthma occurs at the age of 5 up to 9 years 

[1]. At the same time, the authors note the highest rate 

of new cases of bronchial asthma among children aged 

2 to 4 years in girls and from 1 to 4 years in boys. 

Apparently, this age is critical for the clinical 

manifestation of the disease. In this regard, the 

development of bronchial asthma in children, as an 

environmentally determined disease, is genetically 

determined and depends on the genetic characteristics 

of the organism, which determine the formation of the 

disease only in hereditarily predisposed individuals. 5-6 

and 7-9 years old, which is consistent with the data of 

a study performed in the Tashkent region, where the 

highest prevalence of bronchial asthma occurs at the 

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Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 14 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 8-15 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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age of 5 to 9 years [1]. At the same time, the authors 

note the highest rate of new cases of bronchial asthma 

among children aged 2 to 4 years in girls and from 1 to 

4 years in boys. Apparently, this age is critical for the 

clinical manifestation of the disease. In this regard, the 

development of bronchial asthma in children, as an 

environmentally determined disease, is genetically 

determined and depends on the genetic characteristics 

of the organism, which determine the formation of the 

disease only in hereditarily predisposed persons. 5-6 

and 7-9 years, which is consistent with the data of a 

study performed in the Tashkent region, where the 

highest prevalence of bronchial asthma occurs at the 

age of 5 to 9 years [1]. At the same time, the authors 

note the highest rate of new cases of bronchial asthma 

among children aged 2 to 4 years in girls and from 1 to 

4 years in boys. Apparently, this age is critical for the 

clinical manifestation of the disease. In this regard, the 

development of bronchial asthma in children, as an 

environmentally determined disease, is genetically 

determined and depends on the genetic characteristics 

of the organism, which determine the formation of the 

disease only in hereditarily predisposed persons. 

where the highest prevalence of bronchial asthma falls 

on the age of 5 to 9 years [1]. At the same time, the 

authors note the highest rate of new cases of bronchial 

asthma among children aged 2 to 4 years in girls and 

from 1 to 4 years in boys. Apparently, this age is critical 

for the clinical manifestation of the disease. In this 

regard, the development of bronchial asthma in 

children, as an environmentally determined disease, is 

genetically determined and depends on the genetic 

characteristics of the organism, which determine the 

formation of the disease only in hereditarily 

predisposed individuals. where the highest prevalence 

of bronchial asthma falls on the age of 5 to 9 years [1]. 

At the same time, the authors note the highest rate of 

new cases of bronchial asthma among children aged 2 

to 4 years in girls and from 1 to 4 years in boys. 

Apparently, this age is critical for the clinical 

manifestation of the disease. In this regard, the 

development of bronchial asthma in children, as an 

environmentally determined disease, is genetically 

determined and depends on the genetic characteristics 

of the organism, which determine the formation of the 

disease only in hereditarily predisposed persons. this 

age is critical for the clinical manifestation of the 

disease. In this regard, the development of bronchial 

asthma in children, as an environmentally determined 

disease, is genetically determined and depends on the 

genetic characteristics of the organism, which 

determine the formation of the disease only in 

hereditarily predisposed persons. this age is critical for 

the clinical manifestation of the disease. In this regard, 

the development of bronchial asthma in children, as an 

environmentally determined disease, is genetically 

determined and depends on the genetic characteristics 

of the organism, which determine the formation of the 

disease only in hereditarily predisposed persons. 

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Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 15 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 8-15 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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Comparison of incidence rates in the age structure of 

the adult population with that of the entire adult 

population revealed the highest incidence of the 

disease in the population of 60 years and older (see 

Table 2). Similar results were obtained in Tashkent, 

where the highest prevalence of bronchial asthma 

among the adult population falls on the age group of 

60–69 years (1.24–1.26%) [2]. Gerontological features of 

the incidence of asthma in the literature are poorly 

reflected and studied, since it is believed that the 

occurrence of a primary incidence of bronchial asthma 

in the elderly is a rare phenomenon. In accordance with 

the models of the development of diseases, it can be 

assumed that the occurrence of bronchial asthma in 

the older population occurs according to accumulation 

or ontogenetic mechanisms. 

CONCLUSION 

Thus, the study showed that the highest incidence of 

general morbidity with bronchial asthma in children 

and adults is observed in the city of Kagan with the 

operation of an oil extraction plant, in the Karaulbazar 

district with an oil refinery and in the Karakul district 

with a Kandim gas processing plant. An increased risk 

of primary incidence of bronchial asthma exists for 

children aged 3 to 9 years and for adults 60 years of age 

and older. Pollutants, in particular chemical impurities, 

contained in the emissions of industrial enterprises 

Karaulbazar and Karakul, being a component of a 

sufficient cause, contribute to an increase in the 

frequency of seeking medical help for bronchial 

asthma. 

REFERENCES 

1. Asher MI, Keil U., Anderson HR et al. International 

Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood 

(ISAAC): rationale and methods // Europ. Respir. J. 

- 1995. - Vol. 8. - R. 483-491. 

2. Mirrahimova MH, Khalmatova BT Prevalence and 

risk factors ofbronchial asthma in childrenliving in 

the industrial zones oftashkent region// Central 

Asia Journal of Medicine journal.tma.uz. 2018. Issue 

4, Article 7. Vol. - R. 67-76. 

3. Abelevich M.M., Tarasova A.A., Kolpashchikova I.F. 

Epidemiology of bronchial asthma in children of 

the Nizhny Novgorod region // Improving the 

quality of life in asthma and allergies: Sat. scientific 

works. - St. Petersburg, 2016. - P. 3. 

4. Allakverdieva L.I., Eyyubova A.A., Ismailov T.A., 

Akhmedova I.A. Influence of environmental 

environmental factors on the prevalence and 

course of bronchial asthma in children in Sumgatite 

// Pulmonology. - 2012. - No. 4. - S. 25. 

5. Akhrarov Kh.Kh et al. Trigger factors of atopic 

dermatitis in preschool children // Ros. magazine 

leather and veins. Bol. - 2017. - T. 20, No. 6. - S. 347-

351. 

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