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American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 05 PAGES: 40-45 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ABSTRACT 

The selection of this particular subject is motivated by the necessity to examine the cellular composition of the 

respiratory epithelium. Within the respiratory epithelium lies a sophisticated tissue network that plays a crucial role in 

safeguarding the mucous lining of the respiratory passage. Goblet cells and submucosal glands situated in the layers 

serve as the primary origins of mucus. The mucociliary transport system of the respiratory passage is established 

through the collaboration of mucociliary cilia and secretory components. Although information regarding the 

bronchial epithelial layer is scarce, research studies have delved into the microscopic configuration of this layer and 

the age-related attributes of its transport function. 

KEYWORDS 

bronchus, epithelium, bronchial gland, mucus, lungs. 

INTRODUCTION

Following birth, a number of new functions arise in the 

respiratory system, resulting in significant changes 

[4,5]. Mucociliary clearance is a key respiratory defense 

mechanism that maintains the tracheobronchial tree's 

sterility. The secretory system of the tracheobronchial 

tree and the existence of ciliated epithelium are 

  Research Article 

 

MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE BRONCHIAL WALL WITHOUT 

LUNG PATHOLOGY IN ADULTS 
 

Submission Date: May 20, 2024, Accepted Date:  May 25, 2024,  

Published Date: May 30, 2024  

Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume04Issue05-07 

 

 

Ismoilov Jasur Mardonovich 
Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan 

 

Aminova Nigina Aminovna 
Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan 

Journal Website: 

https://theusajournals.

com/index.php/ajbspi 

Copyright: Original 

content from this work 

may be used under the 

terms of the creative 

commons attributes 

4.0 licence. 

 

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Volume 04 Issue 05-2024 41 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 05 PAGES: 40-45 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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responsible for this [1,3,5]. Mucous secretion is copious 

and is the protective response of mucociliary clearance 

to foreign bodies, both infectious and non-infectious, 

changing their physicochemical properties and speed 

of movement in addition to eliminating harmful 

substances [6,7]. The cilia are submerged in a fluid layer 

that extends from the base of the cilia and microvilli to 

the epithelial lining; at the tip, the cilia are resting on a 

gelatinous layer of mucus, says current theory [2,9,10]. 

The epithelial lining's surface is coated in droplets of 

mucus, which are released by proteinaceous mucous 

glands and goblet cells and have a diameter of 1-2 

microns [2, 3,7,8]. 

The purpose. of the study is to characterize the 

morphological structure of the bronchial wall without 

lung pathology. 

Materials and methods. Comprehensive histological 

and histochemical analyses of the lungs and lung lobes 

of deceased individuals who did not have lung damage 

were conducted in the pathology department of the 

multidisciplinary clinic of Samarkand State Medical 

University between 2020 and 2024. After the material 

was fixed in 10% neutral formalin, the bronchial 

fragments were extracted, both from the resected 

area and from surrounding tissues, to a thickness of 

approximately 0.004. These sections were then 

embedded in paraffin and treated with alcohol to 

produce sections that were 4-6 μm thick. Hematoxylin 

and eosin-stained samples of the tissue under 

investigation were used to evaluate its general state. 

Picrofuchsin staining was carried out using the van 

Gieson method to identify connective tissue structures 

and the Weigert method to identify elastic fibers. 

Research results. A small amount of eosinophilic mucus 

combined with exfoliated bronchial epithelial cells is 

visible upon microscopic examination of a large-caliber 

bronchial lumen sample (Fig. 1. The mucous membrane 

has uneven folds and is lined by multirow ciliated 

epithelium that has goblet cells present, small, round 

basal nuclei, and moderately eosinophilic cytoplasm. 

The continuous and thin epithelial basement 

membrane is shown in Fig. 2. According to van Gieson, 

the inner layer of the mucosa is represented by thin 

longitudinal connective tissue fibers that turn brick-red 

when stained with picrofuchsin. Blood vessels of the 

capillary type (pulmonary arteries, bronchial arteries, 

pulmonary veins, and branches of the bronchial veins) 

with thin, somewhat pro-fluorotic walls, a well-defined 

lumen, and a moderate volume of blood are found in 

between the fibers. Extended endothelial cells with 

round or oval basophilic nuclei and weakly basophilic 

cytoplasm line the vessels. Mostly, a few fibroblasts, 

lymphocytes, and lone macrophages are located 

around the vessels.            

 

 

 

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Volume 04 Issue 05-2024 42 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 05 PAGES: 40-45 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

 

Fig. 1. Large-caliber preparation of the bronchial wall. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, x 100. 

 

Fig. 2. Large-caliber preparation of the bronchial wall. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, x 200. 

A small amount of eosinophilic mucus combined with 

exfoliated bronchial epithelial cells is visible upon 

microscopic examination of a large-caliber bronchial 

lumen sample (Fig. 1). There are irregular folds in the 

mucous membrane and the occasional small lymph 

node. Three to five rows of smooth muscle cells with 

an elongated, weak basophilic nucleus and eosinophilic 

cytoplasm make up the muscular layer of the bronchial 

mucosa. A fibrocartilaginous layer is formed in the 

submucosal connective tissue base of the bronchi by a 

hyaline cartilaginous layer and bundles of 

longitudinally running eosinophilic connective tissue 

fibers. There are lots of chondroblasts around the edge 

of the hyaline-cartilage plate, chondrocytes in the 

middle, and some chondroblasts with purulent, 

atrophic nuclei. A collection of bronchial glands lined 

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Volume 04 Issue 05-2024 43 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 05 PAGES: 40-45 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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with large epithelial cells with pale, sometimes 

optically empty cytoplasm and oval basophilic nuclei 

can be found in the submucosa, which has lost its 

hyaline cartilage. The glands' excretory ducts open on 

the ciliated epithelium's surface after penetrating the 

mucus layer. A moderate volume of blood is generated 

in the submucosa's tiny venous and arterial vessels. 

The vascular wall is made up of thin, mildly acidophilic 

endothelial cells that are suspended on a continuous 

fundal membrane. The cells have rounded, basophilic 

nuclei and weakly basophilic cytoplasm. Smooth 

muscle cells with elongated basophilic nuclei and 

weakly acidophilic cytoplasm can be found in the vessel 

lining. (Fig. 3). Lymph nodes are found in places. Van 

Gieson described the fibrous connective tissue that 

makes up the bronchial wall's outer membrane as 

having brick-red color when stained with picrofuchsin 

(Fig. 4). Seldom can basophils, macrophages, limbal 

cells, and fibroblasts be discovered in the space 

between the fibers. The moderately blood-filled 

muscle veins and arteries that make up the 

peribronchial adipose tissue are clearly separated into 

inner, middle, and outer layers. The outer layer is lined 

with flattened endothelial cells that have weak 

basophilic cytoplasm and round basophilic nuclei. A 

somewhat acidophilic connective tissue capsule 

encases the inner layer of the ganglia, which is also 

visible here. Between these are ganglion cells, which 

have oval or elongated basophilic nuclei with an 

uneven distribution of chromatin, and slightly swollen, 

slightly acidophilic cytoplasm. 

 

 

Fig. 3. Large-caliber preparation of the bronchial wall. Weigert staining, x 100. 

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Volume 04 Issue 05-2024 44 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 05 PAGES: 40-45 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

 

Fig. 4. Large-caliber preparation of the bronchial wall. Coloring according to Van Gieson, x 200. 

Alveolar macrophages are found in the lumens of 

certain alveoli in the surrounding lung tissue, where 

the alveolar lumens are well-developed and empty. 

One alveoli, each with a larger lumen. Epithelial cells 

cover the inner surface of the alveoli, and alveolar 

macrophages are found within. The epithelium's 

basement membrane is relatively colorless and thin. 

Van Gieson staining shows that the alveolar space, 

which separates the alveoli, is lined with solitary 

neutrophils, tissue basophils, macrophages, and thin 

yellow connective tissue fibers. Near the alveolar 

epithelial membrane are several capillaries in the 

alveolar spaces that are somewhat blood-filled. These 

capillaries are lined by endothelial cells that have 

rounded basophilic nuclei and slightly basophilic 

cytoplasm. Little clusters of lymphoid tissue surround 

the vessels. 

CONCLUSIONS 

Data obtained from histological and histochemical 

examination of fragments of the bronchial wall taken 

from patients who died without respiratory diseases 

can be used as a basis for direct comparison with 

changes occurring in the bronchial wall of patients who 

died from respiratory diseases. 

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Volume 04 Issue 05-2024 45 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 05 PAGES: 40-45 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

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