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American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 06 PAGES: 18-24 

OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ABSTRACT 

The article describes recommendations for correcting water-electrolyte balance during physical training of football 

players, as well as daily energy expenditure and caloric content of daily menu products. 

KEYWORDS 

Preparation of football players, daily energy expenditure, water-electrolyte balance, correction. 

INTRODUCTION

The main pattern of nutrition should be the 

correspondence of daily energy consumption and daily 

calorie content of food. If caloric intake exceeds 

energy expenditure, this leads to fat deposition and 

digestive disorders. Insufficient calorie content with 

high energy expenditure leads to gradual depletion of 

the body, so to speak, to “self-food”. 

Athletes' daily energy expenditure is 3000-6000 kcal, 

and under very intense training and competition 

conditions, energy expenditure reaches 7000-8000 

kcal. 

Energy consumption depends not only on the amount 

of work performed, but also on the emotional factor, 

which was clearly revealed during competitions. 

  Research Article 

 

THE IMPORTANCE OF SPORTS NUTRITION AND CORRECTION OF 

WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE IN FOOTBALL 
 

Submission Date: June 07, 2024, Accepted Date:  June 12, 2024,  

Published Date: June 17, 2024  

Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume04Issue06-04 

 

 

Adilbekov Taxir Toxtaevich  
Associate professor at Department of Human and Animal Physiology at National University of Uzbekistan 

named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Uzbekistan 

 

Mamatova Zulayho Aminjanovna  
Associate professor at Department of Human and Animal Physiology at National University of Uzbekistan 

named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Uzbekistan 

 

 

 

Journal Website: 

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Copyright: Original 

content from this work 

may be used under the 

terms of the creative 

commons attributes 

4.0 licence. 

 

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Volume 04 Issue 06-2024 19 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

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VOLUME 04 ISSUE 06 PAGES: 18-24 

OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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An athlete’s nutrition must be rational, that is, 

sufficient in quantity and complete in quality. 

Rationality is based on balance - the optimal ratio of 

basic nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, 

mineral salts and their components (essential and 

nonessential amino acids, lipids and unsaturated fatty 

acids, microelements, etc.). 

Adequate nutrition is achieved by the correct ratio of 

nutrients in the diet. There are six classes of nutrients: 

water, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, 

minerals. 

Water is life. The human body consists of 60-65% water. 

Metabolism occurs in an aquatic environment. Water is 

contained in tissue cells, blood, and digestive juices. 

The amount of water in an athlete’s diet should be 2-

2.5 liters, taking into account soups, milk, coffee, tea, 

as well as water contained in various dishes, fruits and 

vegetables. On days of intense training and 

competition, the need for water increases sharply. 

During training and competitions, it is better to use 

alkaline mineral waters (Borjomi, Narzan and others), 

to which it is useful to add slices of lemon. Football 

players often drink tea with lemon. You should drink 

water, juices or tea in small portions, keeping it in your 

mouth for a long time. 

When increasing exercise, water serves two important 

functions: 

regulates body temperature, in particular, provides 

cooling during exercise; 

delivers nutrients to cells and removes “waste” from 

them. 

 Here are some recommendations for football players 

regarding water consumption: drink 6-8 glasses of 

water per day; drink 2 glasses of water 15 minutes 

before training or playing; 

 after training or a game, drink 2 glasses of water more 

than you need to quench your thirst; 

drink 1 glass of water every 15-30 minutes during 

training or play; 

drink cooled liquids to speed up the transition of 

substances from the stomach to the blood, as well as 

to cool the body more quickly; 

drink 1 glass of water after drinking caffeinated drinks 

(caffeine is known to be a diuretic and therefore causes 

dehydration). 

Getting enough water into your body is an ongoing, 

vital process that experts call hydration. 

Water is a universal solvent. Most body chemicals are 

soluble in water. 

 Due to its low viscosity, water easily moves through 

blood and lymphatic vessels, through intercellular 

spaces and transports substances soluble in it. Thus, 

water performs a transport function. 

Water is involved in maintaining a constant body 

temperature, i.e. performs a thermoregulatory 

function. Water forms a hydration shell for high-

molecular compounds (proteins, polysaccharides) and 

thereby contributes to their stability. Water is an active 

participant in metabolism. For example, the 

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Volume 04 Issue 06-2024 20 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

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VOLUME 04 ISSUE 06 PAGES: 18-24 

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Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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breakdown of nutrients during digestion occurs 

exclusively through hydrolysis, i.e. with the 

participation of water. Water is also the end product of 

a number of chemical processes occurring in the body. 

A large amount of water (about 400 ml per day) is 

formed during tissue respiration. The human body 

contains about 3 kg of mineral (inorganic) substances, 

which is 4% of body weight. The mineral composition of 

the body is very diverse, and almost all known mineral 

elements can be found in it, however, their content is 

not the same. 

  Both short and long-term exercise require a good 

supply of water to the body, which must be regulated 

depending on the duration and intensity of the physical 

activity. To avoid dehydration, it is important to 

remember about thermoregulation, which is 

influenced by climatic conditions (temperature, wind), 

as well as factors such as level of training, clothing, etc. 

In addition, fatigue and stress are additional factors 

predisposing to dehydration. 

 Dehydration of the order of 1 - 2% of body weight (from 

0.7 liters to 1.4 liters for a person weighing 70 kg) can 

lead to a decrease in muscle performance by 10%. 

  Dehydration of more than 4% can lead to severe 

fatigue, heaviness in the legs, shortness of breath, and 

also negatively affects the nervous system. 

Over 6 - 8%, this is a real risk of death from dehydration. 

The most common cause of electrolyte deficiency is 

the neglect of many athletes to timely and adequately 

replenish fluid losses. In this regard, it is necessary to 

remember the following: 

✓ during training or a game, a decrease in 

body weight due to sweating reaches 2 percent or 

more, which significantly reduces performance, and a 

loss of 7% leads to refusal to continue working; 

✓ use various drinks, it is necessary to 

focus not on the feeling of thirst that arises, but on the 

intensity of exercise, while it is necessary to remember 

the following pattern: a rise in normal air temperature 

by 5C increases fluid consumption by 15%, an increase 

in body weight by 5 kg, more than 75 kg per 7% 

increases fluid intake [1,2]. 

✓ replenishment of fluid losses must be 

carried out not with ordinary water, but with specially 

designed drinks that allow maintaining the proper level 

of performance due to the timely supply of easily 

digestible carbohydrates; 

✓ consumption of carbohydrate drinks 

must be started before training and continued during 

and after it to maintain glycogenesis in the liver and 

muscles (for this purpose, glutamic acid preparations 

can be used). 

                In the overwhelming majority of cases in elite 

sports, they resort to the use of pharmacological 

agents and biologically active additives that replenish 

the required volume energy supply to the body and 

ensuring the delivery of plastic substances: substance 

supplements or so-called sports nutrition, which is 

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Volume 04 Issue 06-2024 21 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

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always used as a supplement to a balanced diet, and 

does not replace it. 

Currently, there are hundreds, if not thousands of 

sports nutrition companies. When choosing the 

product to use, the doctor should rely on the following 

points: 

1) the drugs used must be certified in the country, 

which guarantees not only the safety of these 

products, but also their compliance with anti-doping 

legislation 

2) the product line of the manufacturing company 

must cover the entire range of athletes’ needs for 

various training regimes 

3) testing of drugs is permissible only with the consent 

of athletes and during training, starting with the 

minimum recommended doses of one of the drugs to 

determine the tolerability of its components 

4) the use of sports nutrition should be systematic, and 

its volume and structure vary depending on the 

seasonal cycle. 

Considering the extreme loads that determine the 

body’s constant need for plastic material and 

coenzymes involved in the most important 

biochemical reactions, in the practice of elite sports, 

substrate nutritional supplements are systematically 

used (proteins, carbohydrates, protein-carbohydrate 

mixtures-gainers, vitamin-mineral complexes, 

carnitine, creatine , fatty acids and essential amino acid 

complexes (BCAAs) and vitamin-mineral complexes 

(VMC) [4,5]. 

The most common substrate additives are proteins and 

carbohydrates, including in the form of gainer mixtures 

(Start-Gainer, Energy-Optemeizer, Max-Amino), as well 

as creatine, carnitine, L-carnitine and vitamin-mineral 

complexes[6]. 

  A distinctive feature of sports IUDs is the multiple 

excess of the recommended daily doses of the main 

minerals and vitamins included in their composition, so 

they must be used during intensive and long-term 

training camps. During the season, it is sufficient to 

constantly take conventional IUDs with a high content 

of B vitamins (Vitrum, Vitaminlight, Vitamax, Polizhen, 

MAX FOR MEN, etc.). Taking these drugs leads to a 

significant increase in physical and mental endurance, 

improves body structure, and normalizes psychomotor 

reactions in unfavorable conditions of daily activity. 

  In addition to sports ICH, especially in the absence of 

timely biochemical monitoring, a preventive course of 

magnesium, the deficiency of which can lead to 

damage to muscle tissue, and zinc, which is 

fundamentally important for steroidogenesis, is 

necessary. 

One of the most common myths that exists in the 

football community is the opinion that creatine has a 

negative effect on the joint-muscular sensation of 

football players, which supposedly leads to physical 

defects. Our data indicate only the beneficial effects of 

a course and targeted (before games) intake of 

moderate doses of creatine in combination with 

BCAAs: with a course intake of up to 2 grams per day 

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Volume 04 Issue 06-2024 22 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

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(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 06 PAGES: 18-24 

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Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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for 10-1 I days, with a single use before games up to 3-5 

grams. 

The course intake is carried out at training camps with 

mandatory breaks between them, up to 5-7 days, in 

order to optimize the adaptive reactions of the 

athlete’s body. 

  Creatine monohydrate is phosphorylated in the liver, 

converted into creatine phosphate, which, entering 

the mitochondria of cells, participates in the reactions 

of ATP reduction from ADP (adenosine diphosphate), 

thereby providing the ability to release large amounts 

of energy without visible energy depletion. 

  One of the most common substrate supplements, L-

carnitine, is often used in targeted weight loss 

programs. In these programs, it is used along with 

thermogenics throughout the entire pre-workout 

weight loss period at a dose above 1500 mg. Another 

area of application of L-carnitine is its use before 

games and intensive training during the season for a 

more efficient flow of energy supply processes, in such 

cases a dosage of up to 1500 mg is used 45-60 minutes 

before the game. 

  Dietary supplements (adaptogens, herbal anabolics, 

immunomodulators, antihypoxants, 

hepatoprogectors, etc.) 

The top of the pyramid of specialized sports nutrition 

are dietary supplements and substances used for 

targeted activation of various parts of metabolism, 

correction of psycho-emotional state and prevention 

of immunosuppression. 

  The use of these drugs can be either a course or a one-

time use. Optimal, in our opinion, is the use of these 

drugs against the background of constant 

hematological screening (biochemical blood test, 

immunogram, hormonal spectrum). However, in 

practice, continuous monitoring is impossible due to 

logistical difficulties and paramedical factors 

(reluctance of the athlete and coaching staff, lack of 

proper organization). Based on this, the use of these 

substances is often preventive and intuitive. The 

program we have developed focuses on maintaining a 

high level of endogenous testosterone in the athlete’s 

blood, as well as preventing the development of 

immunosuppression and activation of the body’s 

protective functions (hepatoprotectors, prebiotics, 

antihypoxants). To implement the first point of the 

program, we recommend the use of anabolic agents of 

plant origin and prohormones ( Tribulus, Ecdysterone, 

etc.) in courses of up to 10-14 days against the 

background of intense physical activity 2-4 times 

during the season. 

In practical medicine, immunomodulators are used 

only when changes in the immune status are identified. 

While recognizing the correctness of this approach in 

relation to ordinary people, we cannot agree with it in 

relation to high-level athletes, since almost always, 

against the background of prolonged intense physical 

activity, more or less pronounced changes in the 

immune status develop, which always precede the 

clinical manifestations of overtraining. . Based on this, 

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Volume 04 Issue 06-2024 23 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 06 PAGES: 18-24 

OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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we consider it advisable to take a course of preventive 

treatment with modern safe immunomodulators twice 

a year in courses of up to 10-14 days. 

  One of the most important tasks is the activation of 

the body’s protective functions against the 

background of prolonged intense physical activity. 

Traditionally, antihypoxants are used for this purpose, 

such as inhibitors of lipid peroxidation (Hypoxen, 

Actovegin, Ubiquinone, Serrata) and hepatoprotectors 

(Essentiale, Heptral, Karsil, etc.) 

CONCLUSION 

In conclusion, it should be noted that, as in other areas 

of elite sports, the development of pharmacological 

and nutritional correction programs in football is not 

possible without knowledge and understanding of the 

physiology of the training process, and without a clear 

understanding by the team’s coaching staff of the 

importance of these activities. 

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American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 06 PAGES: 18-24 

OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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