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American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 01 PAGES: 71-75 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ABSTRACT 

This article describes the weather regime of the soil, the methods of its management, the changes that occur as a 

result of the use of mineralized water in crop irrigation. 

KEYWORDS 

Soil air, solonetzic-saline, secondary salinization, chloride, sulfate-chloride. 

INTRODUCTION

Soil air is of great importance for soil processes and 

plant development. Soil air participates in chemical and 

biochemical processes in the soil, affects oxidation-

reduction conditions, their reaction and solubility of 

chemical components. Soil air provides oxygen to plant 

roots and soil-dwelling organisms, and is also an 

important factor in plant carbon nutrition. Note that 

more than half of the carbon dioxide used for crop 

production is provided by the plant from the soil. Soil 

air composition varies significantly over time and 

across the soil profile, depending on biological activity, 

hydrothermal conditions, gas adsorption, soil solids, 

and the intensity of gas exchange between soil and 

atmosphere. With normal gas exchange between the 

soil and atmospheric air, as a number of authors have 

noted, the concentration of CO2 in the upper horizon 

layer of the soil under various crops usually does not 

exceed 1-2%. 

Soil temperature and humidity have a strong influence 

on the intensity of gas exchange and the composition 

of soil air. It should be noted that the gas regime of the 

saline soils of our republic and its changes during the 

  Research Article 

 

REASONS FOR CHANGES IN THE SOIL-AIR REGIME AS A RESULT OF 

IRRIGATION OF CROPS WITH MINERALIZED WATER 
 

Submission Date: January 15, 2024, Accepted Date:  January 20, 2024,  

Published Date: January 25, 2024  

Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume04Issue01-11 

 

 

B. E. Kholboyev 
Doctor Of Philosophy (Phd), Associate Professor, Uzbekistan 

 

 

 

Journal Website: 

https://theusajournals.

com/index.php/ajbspi 

Copyright: Original 

content from this work 

may be used under the 

terms of the creative 

commons attributes 

4.0 licence. 

 

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Volume 04 Issue 01-2024 72 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 01 PAGES: 71-75 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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irrigation period and the implementation of 

melioration measures have not been sufficiently 

studied. There are some data in the literature 

describing soil air composition in irrigated light gray 

soils exposed to secondary salinity. As noted by A.N. 

Sokolovsky, changes in the composition of soil air 

strongly affect the activity of microorganisms and the 

dynamics of soil processes, as well as soil fertility. Due 

to excessive water saturation, plants begin to suffer 

from lack of air in the soil. Thus, in cotton plants, when 

overwatered, the active roots die, they are renewed 

only after the soil moisture decreases. According to 

A.G. Bondarev's observations, under conditions of 

normal gas exchange of the soil profile, the amount of 

oxygen decreases and CO2 increases, but their sum is 

close to the sum of these gases in the atmosphere, i.e. 

around 21%. 

Research conducted by A.V. Veretennikov showed that 

in June, the irrigation water level is usually close to the 

soil surface, and unfavorable weather conditions 

usually occur in these months, because the roots of 

stem plants are less supplied with oxygen. . During 

long-term flooding, due to the slow dissolution of 

oxygen in the water and its increase, pine and spruce 

roots experience a lack of oxygen at certain times of 

the year. This is confirmed by the facts of mass death 

of roots. In addition, he notes that in May, the amount 

of carbon dioxide in the soil water ranged from 18 to 

40 mg / l. Later, a gradual increase in the amount of 

carbon dioxide was observed during the growing 

season: in June - up to 79, in July - up to 80, and in 

August - up to 131 mg / l. At the beginning of 

September, the amount of carbon dioxide decreased 

to 62 mg/l, and in October to 42 mg/l. 

The study of the dynamics of O2 and CO2 in the soil air 

of gray soils with a light mechanical composition during 

the experiments showed that the concentration of 

CO2 and the intensity of O2 absorption directly depend 

on the mineralization of irrigation water. It can be seen 

from the presented data (table 1) that in the control 

option, before the first watering and at the end of the 

growing season, the amount of O2 in the upper layers 

of the studied soils is almost unchanged and slightly 

reduced. The amount of carbon dioxide is 0.3-0.6%, and 

their amount increases with depth. In the third year of 

irrigation with mineralized water, the amount of 

oxygen in the upper layers of the soil (0-45 cm) is 18.5%, 

in the depth it decreases to 17.7%, and the amount of 

carbon dioxide increases from 1.2% to 2.2%. The 

determinations made after the first watering revealed 

a significant decrease in oxygen in the soil throughout 

the profile, but the most important are its lower layers. 

The amount of carbon dioxide has increased 

dramatically. However, despite this, by the beginning 

of the second growing season, the oxygen content is 

usually returned to the original level with a sharp 

decrease in carbon dioxide in the soil. A similar 

situation continues until the end of the irrigation 

period. At the same time, the amount of carbon 

dioxide is slightly higher compared to the original. It 

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Volume 04 Issue 01-2024 73 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 01 PAGES: 71-75 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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can be seen that this process is associated with the 

increase in the intensity of soil respiration with the 

release of carbon dioxide due to irrigation and the 

activation of biological processes. By summer, as the 

soil warms (up to 26-28C) and dries up, as well as the 

growth period of cotton grows, a further increase in 

CO2 occurs in the studied layers. It is clear that 

irrigation of cotton with mineralized water contributed 

to the increase of carbon dioxide and the decrease of 

the amount of absorbed oxygen with such a general 

change of the soil air. When irrigated with water with a 

mineralization of 3 g/l, as a rule, carbon dioxide in the 

soil tends to increase from the beginning of the 

irrigation period to the end of the growing season, as 

the amount of oxygen decreases. 

1-table 

Changes in soil air composition, % 

Experience 

options 
Indicator 

Depth, cm 

0-45 45-70 70-90 

spring autumn autumn spring autumn autumn spring autumn autumn 

Control 

СО2 0,3 0,6 1,2 0,7 1,3 1,1 0,9 1,1 2,2 

О2 19,3 21,4 18,5 18,8 20,3 18,2 18,6 20,3 17,7 

3 g/l 
СО2 0,3 0,5 2,01 0,7 1,4 1,9 0,7 0,9 2,6 

О2 19,4 19,3 18,3 19,1 18,8 17,1 20,1 19,1 14,7 

5 g/l 
СО2 0,2 0,6 2,2 0,5 1,3 2,2 0,5 1,2 3,4 

О2 20,1 19,2 16,8 19,4 18,9 11,3 20,2 18,9 10,9 

7 g/l 
СО2 0,3 0,8 2,4 0,5 1,9 2,8 0,5 3,8 4,7 

О2 19,8 18,9 14,9 19,6 12,7 11,5 20,3 15,9 9,7 

In the first year of irrigation with mineralized water, the 

amount of carbon dioxide in the 45-70 cm soil layer is 

0.5%, and in the third year of irrigation, at the end of the 

vegetation, it is in the range of 19.3-19.2%. , and in lower 

horizons it decreases to 14.9% (Table 1). A sharp 

increase in humidity in certain soil horizons (after 

watering vegetation), especially in variants irrigated 

with mineralized water, a strong violation of gas 

exchange was noted. So, if in the first and third years 

of the experiment in the control option, the 

concentration of carbon dioxide in the autumn in the 

70-90 cm soil layer was 1.1-2.2%, in the options of 

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Volume 04 Issue 01-2024 74 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 01 PAGES: 71-75 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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irrigation with mineralized water, in the first and third 

years of the experiment, at the end of the growing 

season increased to 0.7-2.6%, 1.2-3.4% and 3.4-4.7%, and 

the oxygen content, on the contrary, from 18.6-17.7% in 

the control to 19.1- Decreased to 14.7%, 18.9-10.9 and 

15.9-9.7% on options. A comparison of the results of the 

analysis of the selected experience by options allows 

us to come to the following conclusion. 

CONCLUSION 

The amount of carbon dioxide in the soil air of gray soil 

largely depends on the mineralization of irrigation 

water and soil moisture (in the upper horizons of the 

soil at a depth of 0-45 cm, the oxygen content does not 

fall below 14.9. -18.5%, the amount of carbon dioxide 

gas is in the range of 1.1-2.2%; 

the amount of carbon dioxide in the soil air increases 

with depth, especially in the 70-90 cm soil layer, the 

maximum amplitude value is equal to 5%; 

with the increase in the mineralization of irrigation 

water, especially in the lower layers of the studied soils, 

the amount of carbon dioxide increases, and the 

absorption of O2 by the soil decreases. 

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Volume 04 Issue 01-2024 75 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 04 ISSUE 01 PAGES: 71-75 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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9. Панкова Е.И., Голованов Д.Л., Соловьев  Д.А., 

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особенности почвенно-литолого-

геоморфологического строения Джизакской 

степи как основа ее природного районирования 

// Бюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. 

Докучаева. 2021. Вып. 107. С. 33 -60. DOI: 

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культур в зависимости от степени и химизма 

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