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American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 04     Pages: 18-23 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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ABSTRACT 

Research in the field of technology for processing residual fractions is carried out mainly in search of optimal schemes 

for processing and upgrading raw materials, developing compositions of new effective catalysts, etc. Much less 

attention is paid by researchers and especially practitioners-petroleum refiners to other, non-traditional, but 

promising areas. to find new approaches to the processing of oil and oil residues, methods of their chemical 

modification and destruction, for example, using wave technologies (electrical, magnetic, ultrasonic, and other 

effects). Physical and chemical activation of residual raw materials at the stages of preparation or implementation of 

the technological process makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the process and improve the quality of the 

finished oil product. 

KEYWORDS 

Oil, bitumen, processing, chemical process, methodology, efficiency, technology. 

  Research Article 

 

TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCTION OF SULFUR POLYMER COMPOSITIONS 

FOR BITUMEN 
 

Submission Date: April 20, 2023, Accepted Date:  April 25, 2023,  

Published Date: April 30, 2023  

Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue04-04 

 

 

Raupov Bakhodirjon Kenja Ugli 
Bukhara Institute Of Engineering And Technology Faculty Of Oil And Gas Technology, Department Of Chemical 

Gas Processing Technology, Doctoral Candidate, Uzbekistan 

 

Mavlanov Bobokhon Arashovich 
Bukhara Institute Of Engineering And Technology Docent Of The Department Of Chemical Gas Processing 

Technology, Uzbekistan 

 

Fozilov Sadriddin Fayzullaevich 
Bukhara Institute Of Engineering And Technology Head Of The Department Of Chemical Gas Processing 

Technology. Doctor Of Technical Sciences, Professor, Uzbekistan 

Journal Website: 

https://theusajournals.

com/index.php/ajbspi 

Copyright: Original 

content from this work 

may be used under the 

terms of the creative 

commons attributes 

4.0 licence. 

 

https://theusajournals.com/
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue04-04
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https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajbspi


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American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 04     Pages: 18-23 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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INTRODUCTION 

The peculiarity of high-molecular oil compounds - the 

residual components of oils, is significant molecular 

weights, non-hydrocarbon nature, polarity, 

manifestation of colloidal properties and a tendency to 

intermolecular interactions - association and 

macroorganization of molecules, which makes it 

difficult to deeply study the residual components. 

The development of general colloid-chemical ideas 

about the structure of residual oil components began 

at the end of the last century with the study of the 

structure of bitumen, which made it possible to reveal 

the essence of the phenomena and processes 

occurring in the production of bitumen, their behavior 

in practical application. 

MАTЕRIАLS АND MЕTHОDS 

The scientific schools of P.A. Rebinder, A.C. 

Kolbanovskaya, D.A. Rosenthal, V.F. Kamyanova, B.G. 

Baked, F.G. Unger, also Z.I. Sunyaeva and A.A. Gureev, 

who connected colloid-chemical concepts of oil 

dispersed systems with the concepts of the theory of 

phase transitions and regulation of the dispersity of 

these systems by changing the energy of 

intermolecular interaction [1,2,3,4]. 

The introduction of modern instrumental methods of 

structural analysis (mass spectrometry, X-ray 

diffraction, optical and radio spectrometry, etc.) into 

analytical practice has made it possible to obtain 

reliable information about the structure and structure 

of bitumens. 

RЕSULTS АND DISСUSSIОN 

Improving the design of oxidizing apparatus and 

optimizing the oxidation process is not the only way to 

intensify the production of bitumen. The solution to 

the problem of bitumen deficiency is possible by 

expanding the resources of non-traditional raw 

materials and improving the quality of raw materials 

for bitumen plants, for example, by using the activating 

effect of energy fields (magnetic, electromagnetic, 

ultrasonic, etc.). 

The components of the organic part of bituminous 

rocks, the most important alternative source of natural 

hydrocarbon raw materials, the resources of which 

significantly exceed the reserves of conventional oils 

and are estimated at 20-25 billion tons /3,4/, are very 

close in their composition and properties to oil high-

molecular compounds. 

In this regard, interest in the problem of development 

and use of bituminous rocks as an additional source of 

petroleum hydrocarbons is constantly growing. This is 

confirmed by the All-Union scientific and technical 

program "Development and implementation of 

effective methods and means of complex extraction 

and processing of bituminous rocks of Western 

Kazakhstan for their use in the national economy", 



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American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 04     Pages: 18-23 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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which arose in 1980, within the framework of which 

part of this work was completed [5]. 

The deposits of bituminous rocks were practically not 

studied, therefore, for their qualified use, it was 

necessary to know not only the quantity, but also the 

quality of the organic and mineral constituents of the 

rocks, without which it is impossible to develop 

technologically simple and economical methods for 

extracting and processing natural bitumen. 

Since, in terms of their composition and properties, 

natural bitumens are close to road grades of petroleum 

bitumen, the main standard indicators were used to 

characterize their properties, such as: needle 

penetration depth at 25 and 0 ° C, softening 

temperature, extensibility. Rature of fragility, content 

of water-soluble compounds. Determination of these 

indicators makes it possible to control the quality of oil 

and natural bitumen as a marketable product. To 

determine one of the most important characteristics of 

modified bitumen, which ensures good quality of road 

surfaces, adhesion, etc. were determined. 

Penetration 

Penetration indirectly characterizes the viscosity of 

bitumen, and it was determined using a penetrometer, 

the device of which and the test procedure are given in 

GOST 11501-78; the penetration depth of the needle by 

0.1 mm was taken as a unit of penetration. 

Softening temperature 

The softening point of bitumen is the temperature at 

which bitumen changes from a relatively solid state 

into a liquid state. The softening temperature was 

determined by the "Ring and ball" method according 

to the method described in GOST 11506-78. 

Extensibility 

Extensibility (ductility) is the ability of bitumen to 

stretch into a thread; it is determined by the length of 

the thread, which is formed at the time of rupture. This 

indicator indirectly characterizes the cohesion of 

bitumen and is related to the nature of its components. 

Ductility is determined using a ductility meter, the 

device of which and the method of determination are 

given in GOST 11505-75 [5]. 

Brittleness temperature 

The brittleness temperature is the temperature at 

which a material breaks down under the action of a 

short-term applied load. According to Fraas, this is the 

temperature at which the elastic modulus of bitumen 

with a loading time of 11 s is the same for all bitumens 

and is equal to 110 MPa. To assess the brittleness 

temperature, the method described in GOST 11507-65 

was used. According to this method, the brittleness 

temperature is considered to be the temperature at 

which a through crack appears on a bitumen film with 

a thickness of 0.1 mm and a mass of 0.4 g, applied to a 

steel plate with a bend along a radius of 9 mm and 

cooled at a rate of 1 deg / min. The brittleness 

temperature was also determined using an instrument 

designed by Bash NII NP, the description of which 

device and the determination procedure are given in 

/314/. 



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American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 04     Pages: 18-23 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Rheological characteristics 

The determination of the rheological characteristics of 

natural bitumen and polymer-bitumen compositions 

was carried out on a rotational viscometer "REOTEST-

2" at varying shear rate gradients from 0.17 to 145 s"1 in 

the temperature range from 60 to 170°C. 

Elemental composition 

The content of carbon and hydrogen was determined 

by burning bitumen in excess of purified oxygen at 

800°C in a quartz tube placed in a microelectric furnace. 

The determination of sulfur was carried out according 

to the accelerated method (GOST 1437-75) by burning 

a sample of bitumen in a quartz tube at a temperature 

of 900-950°C in an electric furnace. The method is 

based on the reaction of air oxidation of all sulfur-

containing bitumen compounds into sulfur oxides, 

followed by their absorption and analysis. 

The nitrogen content was determined by the Kjeldahl 

method, the essence of which is the decomposition of 

bitumen with concentrated sulfuric acid with a density 

of 1.84 and subsequent oxidation of the decomposition 

products with a solution of potassium permanganate. 

In this case, nitrogen-containing compounds are 

converted into ammonium sulfate, then ammonia is 

released under the action of alkali on it. 

The oxygen content was determined by the difference 

between 100 and the total content of all other 

components in percent. 

Thermal analysis 

Thermal analysis was performed on a Q-1000 

derivatograph manufactured by MOM, a Hungarian 

company, in air at a heating rate of 10 deg/min in the 

temperature range from 25 to 700°C. 

Isolation of natural bitumen from rock 

The bituminous rock was grouped according to the 

depth of occurrence, dried on baking sheets in the 

open air or in an oven, depending on its saturation with 

water, at a temperature of 85±5°C with constant 

stirring. Bitumens were extracted from the rock in a 

Soxhlet apparatus on the recommendation of the 

Central Design Bureau of the Minavtodor Kaz. SSR with 

a mixture of ethyl alcohol: toluene in a ratio of 1:4 at 

the boiling point of solvents until the extractant is 

completely decolorized. The bitumen solution was 

purified from clay and sand particles by filtration 

through a multilayer filter or centrifugation in an 

ultracentrifuge. The distillation of the solvent was 

carried out under vacuum. The residue was kept in an 

oven at a temperature of 70-80°C to a constant weight 

[6]. 

Group chemical composition 

To separate bitumen into conditional group 

components, we used a technique developed at the 

Odessa Oil Refinery and improved 

SoyuzdorNII, which provides for the extraction 

separation of asphaltenes with n-hexane or isooctane 

and the adsorption separation of maltenes on silica gel 

into fractions: paraffin-naphthenic compounds, mono-



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American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 04     Pages: 18-23 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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, bi-, polycycloaromatic compounds, toluene and 

alcohol-toluene resins. 

To separate natural bitumen into conditional group 

components, the gradient-displacement method of 

liquid chromatography, developed at the Bash NII NP, 

was also used. 

Fractional Composition The fractional composition of 

natural bitumen over the ranges of boiling points was 

determined by the following method. A sample of 

bituminous rock (25 g) taken in an even layer in a Petri 

dish was placed in an oven and kept at a given 

temperature. The sample was cooled every hour and 

the weight loss was determined. The sample was kept 

in a cabinet until an equilibrium curve close to 

horizontal was obtained. By weight loss, the amount of 

evaporated organic part of the bituminous rock was 

judged in a given temperature range. 

The content of water and mineral impurities The 

content of free water and mineral impurities in natural 

bitumen isolated by water extraction was determined 

by the following method. A portion of bituminous 

foam was kept in an oven at a temperature of 90-100°C 

to constant weight. The amount of free water was 

determined from the weight loss of the sample. After 

drying, a sample of bitumen was dissolved in a 20-fold 

amount of solvent (alcohol-toluene mixture 1:4) in a 

water bath under reflux. The bitumen solution was 

filtered by washing with hot solvent until no traces of 

bitumen remained on the filter, and the filtrate was 

completely transparent and colorless.  

СОNСLUSIОN 

Unstable condensate enters the condensate 

stabilization unit, from where it leaves as stable 

condensate to a combined unit for the production of 

petroleum products. The yield of stable condensate is 

2.7 million tons/year. The output of the remainder of 

the stable condensate fraction > 320°C - fuel oil (after 

atmospheric distillation) is 220-250 thousand tons / 

year. With the plant reaching its design capacity, its 

output will be about 500.0-600.0 thousand tons / year, 

which is a significant value and, due to the difficulty of 

selling fuel oil today, it is necessary to search in 

advance for new technical solutions for its in-depth 

processing. 

RЕFЕRЕNСЕS 

1. Rudenskaya I.M., Rudensky A.V. Rheological 

properties of bitumens. M .: Higher School, 

1967. - 118syu 

2. Makk Ch. Physical chemistry of bitumen / 

Bituminous materials (asphalt, resins, pitches) 

Edited by A.Dos. Heuberg. M.: Chemistry, 1974. 

- S.7-88. 

3. Traxler R.N. Rheology and rheological 

modifiers (with the exception of elastomers): 

Structure and time./Bitumen materials 

(asphalts, resins, pitches). Edited by A.Dos. 

Heuberg. M.: Chemistry, 1974. - S.7-88. 

4. Andreeva JI.H., Kadychagov P.B., Turov Yu.P., 

Kukharenko O.A., Unger F.G. Instrumental 

methods for studying oil dispersed systems. 



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American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 04     Pages: 18-23 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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Tomsk, 1990. - 37p. /Prepr. Sib. otd. Academy of 

Sciences of the USSR, Institute of Petroleum 

Chemistry, No. 15. 

5. Dergalina T.A., Anufrienko V.F. Some aspects 

of physical chemistry of pitch mesophase 

structures. Novosibirsk, 1989. -36s. /Prepr. Sib. 

otd. Academy of Sciences of the USSR. In-t 

unreg. Chemistry, Institute of catalysis; No. 9. 

6. Unger F.G., Krasnogorskaya N.N., Andreeva 

L.N. The role of paramagnetic molecules in 

intermolecular interactions of petroleum 

dispersed systems. - Tomsk, 1987. - 46s. / Prepr. 

Sib. otd. Academy of Sciences of the USSR. 

Institute of Petroleum Chemistry; No. 19. 


