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American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 04     Pages: 11-17 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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ABSTRACT 

In this article, the biological properties of the root of Rubia tinctorum plant and the amount of mineral elements in its 

chemical composition are determined using the X-ray fluorescence spectrometry method using the Spectro Xepos 111 

(SSliA) device, and the information about the use of the root of the Rubia tinctorum plant in medicine is highlighted. 

KEYWORDS 

Rubia tinctorum L, anthracene, alizarin, ruberythric acid, galiosin, puipurin, xanthopurpurin, pseudopurpurin, rubiadin-

glucoside, ibericin, urinary tract stone, kidney stone. 

INTRODUCTION 

  Research Article 

 

MINERAL ELEMENTS OF RUBIA TINCTORUM L PLANT ROOT AND USE IN 

MEDICINE 
 

Submission Date: April 20, 2023, Accepted Date:  April 25, 2023,  

Published Date: April 30, 2023  

Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue04-03 

 

 

Ibragimovich Ibodulloxon Abdimalikov 
Tashkent Medical Academy, Termiz Branch, Uzbekistan 

 

Shuhrat Xujamurodov 
Termiz State University Academic Lyceum, Uzbekistan 

 

Saboxat Ziyodullayevna Raxmonova 
The 8th General Education School Of The City Of Termiz, Surkhandarya Region, Uzbekistan 

 

Bozorov Ogabek Tolib Ugli 
Tashkent Medical Academy Termiz Branch 2nd Year Student, Uzbekistan 

 

Arziyeva Shaxnoza Ruziboyevna 
Tashkent Medical Academy Termiz Branch 1st Year Student, Uzbekistan 

Journal Website: 

https://theusajournals.

com/index.php/ajbspi 

Copyright: Original 

content from this work 

may be used under the 

terms of the creative 

commons attributes 

4.0 licence. 

 

https://theusajournals.com/
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue04-03
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https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajbspi


Volume 03 Issue 04-2023 12 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 04     Pages: 11-17 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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Today, comprehensive measures are being taken to 

organize scientific research at a high level and to supply 

the national pharmaceutical market with high-quality 

drugs in the direction of developing the creation of 

effective drugs based on local raw materials. Based on 

the measures implemented in this area, a number of 

important practical results are being achieved in terms 

of organizing the development of competitive drugs 

based on natural plant raw materials. Studying the 

biology of Rubia tinctorum plant species and creating 

raw material bases for the preparation of cheap and 

high-quality import-substitute drugs by separating 

natural medicines from local raw materials are of 

urgent importance. Such a preparation can be isolated 

from the medicinal plant Rubia tinctoni and used in 

medical practice and folk economy. 

 

Literature analysis and methodology 

Rubia tinctorum L belongs to the rubicaeae family. It is 

found in Ukraine, Moldova, the southeast of the 

European part of Russia, in the Caucasus, Azerbaijan, 

Gmzia, Armenia, Dagestan and Central Asia. In 

Uzbekistan, it grows mainly along streams, among 

bushes, along canals, in fields and gardens [1-2]. 

Rubia tinctonim is a perennial herb with a height of 30-

150 cm. The rhizome is long, creeping, branched, 

cylindrical, thick, jointed, many-headed. The stem is 

several, four-lobed, jointed, coarse and looped. 

covered with feathers. The leaf is oval-ovate, shiny, the 

veins on the lower side are covered with rough hairs 

with loops, and they are arranged in bundles of 4-6 on 

the stem with a very short band. The flowers are small, 

greenish-yellow in color, collected in a semi-umbrella 

growing from the axils of the leaves, forming a flower 

cluster. The calyx is not clearly known, the corolla is 5, 

united, funnel-shaped, the paternity is 5, the maternal 

node is 2-digit, located below. The fruit is a 1-2-seeded, 

globular, first red, then black wet fruit. It blooms in 

June-August, the fruit ripens in August-September, the 

underground part of Rubia tinctorum L. Fig. 1 [3-4]. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fig. 1. Rhizome and powder of Rubia tinctorum plant. 



Volume 03 Issue 04-2023 13 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 04     Pages: 11-17 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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The finished product of the Rubia tinctorum plant 

consists of rhizomes and root pieces. The thickness of 

rhizome pieces is 2-18 mm, the upper side is painted in 

reddish-brown color. When you cut it crosswise, the 

bark layer is red-brown, and the wood part is red. The 

product has a characteristic weak smell, sweeter at 

first, and then a slightly sour and bitter taste. The 

rhizome turns the water brownish-red, the moisture 

content of the harvested Rubia tinctorum plant is 13%, 

total ash is 10%, other parts of the plant (stem, leaf, 

etc.) are 1.5%, organic impurities more than 1% and 

mineral impurities more than 1%, the amount of 

anthraglycosides (those combined in glycoside oil) in 

the product should not be less than 3% [1-4]. 

The rhizome of Rubia tinctorum contains 5-6% of 

anthracene compounds (alizarin, ruberythric acid, 

galiosin, purpurin, xanthopuipurin, pseudopurpurin, 

rubiadin-glucoside, munistin, lucidin, ibericin, etc.). 

 

 

 

 

 

Anthracene                                Alizarin                                       berythric acid 

 

 

 

 

Purple                                 Pseudopurpurin                                  lucidin 

 

In addition to anthracene products, organic acids in plant roots contain up to 15% of sugars, proteins, pectin 

substances, ascorbic acid, and citric, olenic, and tartaric acids. 

 

 

 

 

 

ascorbic acid                 citric acid             malic acid                                 tartaric acid



Volume 03 Issue 04-2023 14 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 04     Pages: 11-17 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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The root of Rubia tinctorum plant contains carbohydrates, phenolic acids and compounds, coumarin, anthraquinone, 

triterpenoids, flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin). 

 

 

 

 

antiroxinon                       kversiten                        kempferol                              apigenin 

 

The plant Rubia tinctorum has antispasmodic and diuretic effects in medicine and softens kidney stones (phosphates). 

Therefore, medicinal preparations are used in ureteral stones, kidney stones, gallstones and gout. 

In addition to the medicinal use of the Rubia tinctorum plant, silkworms and cotton grown in our Republic are dyed 

with recycled yarn, carpets, fabrics, and materials as a natural dye. leads to an increase (Fig. 2). 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fig.2. Yarn dyed with natural chemicals extracted from the Rubia tinctorum plant. 

 

In the following years, the notions that mineral 

elements are necessary for plants began to emerge. 

One of the founders of this concept is agronomist A.T. 

Bolotov (1770). He put forward the idea that mineral 

particles in the soil are the main food for aquatic plants. 

A.T. Bapotov also developed methods of applying 

fertilizer to the soil and showed that there are 53 types 

of fertilizers necessary for agriculture. Yu. Libix 

proposed the law of the minimum and the law of 

reversion. According to these laws, if the mineral 

elements necessary for plants in the soil do not reach 

the minimum, then the soil will not be useful. In the law 

of return, it is explained that as much as the plants take 

mineral substances from the soil with their crops, it is 



Volume 03 Issue 04-2023 15 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 04     Pages: 11-17 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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necessary to return as much instead. Otherwise, the 

fertility of the soil, and therefore the productivity, will 

decrease year by year. Libich's thoughts are generally 

correct. Productivity can be increased as a result of 

proper agrotechnical activities and timely provision of 

soil with mineral elements. The experiments 

conducted by I. Knop and Yu. Sakslam in 1859 also 

disproved the "humus theory". In my opinion, if there 

are only 7 elements: nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, 

potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron, plants can be 

grown in water. Thus, they proved that it is possible to 

grow plants by vegetative methods (soil, water, sand) 

and confirmed the theory of mineral nutrition. The idea 

of plant nutrition through roots was further developed 

by P.A. Kostichev, B.B. Dokuchaev, K.K. Gedroys, D.N. 

Pryanishnikov and other scientists [4-9]. 

Plants have the ability to absorb all the elements 

shown in the periodic table in small or large amounts 

from the natural environment. However, so far, only 19 

of these elements have been found to be of great 

importance for plants, as they cannot be replaced by 

other elements. These are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, 

nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, calcium, 

magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, nickel, 

molybdenum, boron, chlorine, sodium, silicon and 

cobalt. 16 of them belong to the group of mineral 

elements. Because carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are 

received by the plant in the form of CO2, O2 and N2O. 

plants receive water and all mineral elements from the 

soil through the roots. Mineral substances are found in 

soil solution, humus, organic and inorganic 

compounds, and adsorbed to soil colloids. The 

absorption of ions does not depend only on plants, but 

also on the concentration of this ion in the soil, its 

movement in the soil and soil reactions. Four elements 

make up 95% of the elements in the body of plants: 

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. These 

elements are also called organogens. Because they 

form the basis of organic substances (proteins, fats, 

carbohydrates) in the plant body. 

Mineral elements are divided into three groups based 

on their amount in the body of plants: 1) 

macroelements; 2) microelements; 3) 

ultramicroelements. 

1) Macroelements include all the elements (N, P, K, Ca, 

Na, Mg) whose quantity in plants is more than 10-2 

percent. 

2) Microelements include elements (Mn, B, Cu, Zn, Mo, 

etc.) whose amount in plants is 10-3 - 10-5 percent. 

3) Ultramicroelements include elements that are very 

small (10-6 percent and less) and whose function has 

not been determined (Ce, Se, Ca, Ng, Ag, Au, etc.) in 

the plant [9]. 

Deficiency of a microelement in plants causes it to be 

damaged by various bacterial, rotting and other 

diseases, that is, microelements increase the 

resistance of agricultural crops to various diseases. In 

particular, microelements increase the plant's ability to 

resist adverse effects of the external environment 

(cold, high temperature, soil salinity and drought). 



Volume 03 Issue 04-2023 16 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 04     Pages: 11-17 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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Therefore, it is necessary to know the importance of 

certain microelements in the normal nutrition of 

plants, their forms in the soil, and what types of 

elements are absorbed by plants in which phases of 

development. 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

When determining the amount of mineral elements in 

the root of Rubia tinctorum L., it was determined using 

the X-ray fluorescence spectrometry method on the 

Spectro Xepos 111 (SShA) device. Technical 

specifications of the device: The device has a voltage of 

120/230 V, a power of 150 W. was carried out using For 

this purpose, the root of the plant is ground into a 

powder and 5 g is taken into special containers for X-

ray analysis, and the root powder of Rubia tinctorum L. 

is placed in the containers separately installed on a 

circular disk. The device analyzes for 20 minutes. After 

the analysis of the results, the results are automatically 

displayed on the screen through a computer 

connected to the device. The results of these studies 

show that the amount of 56 elements and 9 

compounds of the root of Rubia tinctorum L. was 

determined. %), Silicon Si (15.58 %), Calcium oxide CaO 

(11.22 %), Calcium Ca (89.56 %), Potassium K (13.52 %), 

Phosphorus oxide P205 (7.284 %), Scandium Sc (64.01), 

It turned out that the amount of sulfur S (1.329) 

elements and its compounds is more than others. 

CONCLUSION 

The number of mineral elements contained in the root 

of Rubia tinctorum L. plant was determined by "X-ray 

fluorescent spectrometer Spectro Xepos 111, technical 

indicator: 120/230V, power 150W. 56 elements and 9 of 

its compounds were found in the root of the plant, and 

the amount of Aluminum oxide A1203 (2.174 %), 

Aluminum A1 (6.714 %) in the root of Rubia tinctorum L. 

was determined. Silicon oxide SiO2 (3.553 %), Kgetpyu 

Si (15.58 %), Calcium oxide CaO (11.22 %), Calcium Ca 

(89.56 %), Potassium K (13.52 %), Phosphorus oxide 

P205 (7.284 %), Scandium Sc (64.01), Sulfur S (1.329) 

elements, it was found that the number of certain 

compounds is more than the basic elements. 

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1. Botany. Encyclopedia "Vse rasteniya mira" / Per. 

English (ed. Grigorev D. i dr.) -Konemann, 2006. -S. 

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2. Jizn Rasteny. V 6 t. T. 5. CH. 2. Svetkovbie rasteniya 

/ Pod ed. A. L. Takhtadjyana. - M.: Prosvenjenie, 

1981. - P. 358. 

3. Pharmacognosy (H. Kholmatov, O'. Ahmedov) Abu 

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Pharmacognosy: textbook, Tashkent, NMB named 

after Ibn Sina, 1995. 

5. Islamov A.Kh., Ishmuratova A.S., Gaybullaeva 

O.O.// Medicinal use of the root of Rubia Tinctorum 

L. and determining the amount of micro and 

macroelements. Materials of the scientific-

practical conference of professors and young 

scientists of the Faculty of Chemistry of the 

Department of Chemistry on the modern state and 



Volume 03 Issue 04-2023 17 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 04     Pages: 11-17 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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prospects of the science of functional polymers 

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6. Ishmuratova A.S., Islamov A.Kh., Kholmurodova D., 

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