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American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 02     Pages: 08-14 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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ABSTRACT 

This article discusses teaching the lycopodiophyta division based on bloom’s taxonomy in higher plants module. It is 

known that previously, laboratory training on the topic of botany was organized only through plant herbariums. 

However, the use of pedagogical technologies to strengthen the subject was a very small percentage. Today, 

laboratory training is conducted not only on the basis of herbarium specimens, but also on the basis of advanced 

pedagogical technologies based on Bloom’s taxonomy. 

 

KEYWORDS 

Bloom’s taxonomy, plants module, lycopodiophyta. 

INTRODUCTION 

The teacher organizes, manages, controls, evaluates 

the cognitive activities of students in the educational 

process and creates a basis for the comprehensive 

development of the individual through the 

implementation of the educational, educational and 

developmental goals envisaged by the teaching [2]. 

We can see, that today, due to the use of advanced 

pedagogical technologies and new generation 

technologies related to science, great progress has 

been made in the field of biology in higher education. 

Advances in electron microscopy and related 

techniques have greatly contributed to the current 

knowledge of biology. On the other hand, learning 

  Research Article 

 

TEACHING THE LYCOPODIOPHYTA DIVISION BASED ON BLOOM’S 

TAXONOMY IN HIGHER PLANTS MODULE 
 

Submission Date: February 18, 2023, Accepted Date:  February 23, 2023,  

Published Date: February 28, 2023  

Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue02-02 

 

 

Shokhid Kh. Saidmuratov 
Independent Researcher Of The Department Of Botany And Ecology Tashkent State Pedagogical University 

Named After Nizami Uzbekistan 

 

 

Journal Website: 

https://theusajournals.

com/index.php/ajbspi 

Copyright: Original 

content from this work 

may be used under the 

terms of the creative 

commons attributes 

4.0 licence. 

 

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Volume 03 Issue 02-2023 9 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 02     Pages: 08-14 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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techniques are ultimately used to create 3D physical 

models. 

3D electron microscopy techniques and 3D prototyping 

technology (3D printing) were developed, resulting in 

modernization of cell biology teaching. Further 

developments in teaching mode included the 

integration of multimedia technology in teaching. It 

was found that the introduction of multimedia 

technology in the teaching of biology significantly 

improved the learning of students. We  will analyze 

that the integration of multimedia technologies and 

teaching has changed the teaching strategy in 

educational institutions. Advances in computer 

applications and curriculum have greatly enhanced the 

learning process. Interactive cloud computing models 

have been used to solve various biological problems. 

Such models enriched the content of teaching and 

increased the effectiveness of teaching [1].  

It is very necessary to use new technologies to prevent 

sudden destruction of vegetation and preserve 

pastures. Because it is important for the future 

generation to preserve the range of high plants 

growing in pastures. Because of the degradation of 6-

10% of pastures per unit area per year due to the impact 

of human factors are raising [4]. This position on the 

restoration have been carried out in several countries. 

Dave Clark, Annette Litherland, Gonzalo Mata and 

Robert Burling-Claridge [5] explore space-based 

grassland monitoring by new technologies in New 

Zealand. Therefore, the process of protecting high 

plants by maintaining pastures should also be 

explained during the lesson. 

 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 

 

Below we will introduce learning objectives for the 

topic “Lycopodiophyta division” based on Bloom’s 

Taxonomy. 

The content of teaching the division of 

Lycopodiophyta 

 

 

Learning 
goals 

Content of educational goals 

Knowing  1. Learn about the division of Lycopodiophyta; 
2. Determining the characteristics of the division; 
3. Classification into classes; 
4. Knowledge of procedures; 
5. Separation of families. 

Understandi
ng  

1. Understanding divisional signs; 
2. Providing information about classes; 
3. Morphological processing of patterns through samples; 
4. Coming to a certain opinion and defending one's opinion on the 
characteristics of families and groups. 

Application 
to practice 

1. Modeling of characteristics specific to the division of Lycopodiophyta; 
2. To distinguish representatives of the Lycopodiaceae family; 
3. Retelling the rules, views and theories learned in connection with the 
module. 

Analysis 1. Comparison of characteristics specific to the division of 

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Volume 03 Issue 02-2023 10 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 02     Pages: 08-14 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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Lycopodiophyta with other plants; 
2. Analysis of reproduction of Lycopodium clavatum  
3. To distinguish the similar and sharply different sides of the herbarium 
specimens of Lycopodium clavatum collected due to different age 
conditions; 
4. Analysis of the development cycle of Selaginella 

Synthesis 1. Separation of herbariums of Lycopodium clavatum; 
2. Differentiate the life cycle of Selaginella; 
  3. Processing procedures specific to the department of plants within 
families and categories; 
4. Synthesis of life cycles and biological characters 

Conclusion 1. Evaluation of mastered subject materials; 
2. To give an opinion about the systematic sequence in the division of 
Lycopodiophyta 
4. To support the aspirations of students to acquire knowledge 
5. Taking into account the opinions expressed in relation to the training 
materials and denying the ideas encouraging wrong education 

 

Basic concepts: section, class, order, family, genus, 

species, reproduction, life cycle, description. 

 

The aim of the work is to familiarize with the family, 

genus and species specific to the division of 

Lycopodiophyta. 

 

Materials and equipment: Lecture text, textbooks, 

pictures, tables, herbariums, ruler, magnifier. 

Theoretical material. These plants are the oldest 

plants, and they developed well on Earth at the end of 

the Paleozoic era. Currently, there are more than a 

thousand of their species. 

 

Among the fossil species were large trees. In some 

plants, the underground organ is in the form of a 

typical rhizome, which contains metamorphosed 

leaves and additional roots. 

 

There are microphylly, or small leaves in the 

Lycopodiaceae family; their stems are very developed 

and covered with densely arranged small leaves, which 

include a bundle of water pipes, which does not have a 

leaf ring. Lycopodium sporophylls are unisporangial. 

 

Plant roots and stems grow using apical meristem. 

Sporophylls are mainly located in spore spikes. Genital 

organs are in the form of antheridia and archegonia. 

In the antheridia, spermatozoa with two or more cells 

develop, and in the archegonium, an egg cell develops. 

Fertilization takes place in a watery environment. 

 

This division is divided into two classes: 

Lycopodiopsida and Isoetopsida. Lycopodiopsida 

includes one order – Lycopodiales. The class of 

isoetopsids (Polushnikas) also includes 2 orders: 

selaginellas (Selaginellales) and isoetopsids 

(polushniks) (Isoetoles) [3]. 

 

Order of work 

 

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Volume 03 Issue 02-2023 11 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 02     Pages: 08-14 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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1. Identify each family and order by showing the 

external structure of the herbarium specimens and 

using information from the method guide. 

2. Distinguish the characters of the species by means 

of drawings presented in herbariums and posters. 

3. On the basis of herbarium and Internet 

information, schematically express the 

morphological characteristics of the species and 

draw conclusions about their life cycles. 

4. Fill in the tables using theoretical materials. 

Assignments 

Task 1. Identify the characteristics of higher plants and complete the table. 

Table 1 

Plantae Botanic characteristics 

Clade Lycophytes  

Class Lycopodiopsida  

Order Lycopodiales  

Family Lycopodiaceae  

 

Task 2. Distinguish and describe the morphological characters of each species by showing the external structure of 

herbarium specimens and using a methodological guide. 

 

Task 3. Complete the reproduction process of Selaginella in the diagram.  

 

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Volume 03 Issue 02-2023 12 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 02     Pages: 08-14 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Figure 1. Scheme of the development cycle of Selaginella. 

Answers: 1 –strobil; 2 – microspore; 3 – male gametophyte; 4 – sperm; 5 – egg cell; 6 – zygote; 7 – the beginning of the 

development of the saprophyte; 

8 – mature sporophyte; 9 – strobil; 10 – metaspora; 11 – female gametophyte. 

 

 

Figure 2. Describe this plant taxonomically 

 
Task 4. Fill in the table using theoretical materials. 

 

Table 2 

Plantae Characteristics  

Lycopodiopsida class orders  

Izoetopsida class orders  

Genera of the classes  

 

Non-standard educational task 

 

1. Biological dictation on the topic 

 

This order includes the __________________ family. A 

characteristic feature of this family is that its 

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Volume 03 Issue 02-2023 13 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 02     Pages: 08-14 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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representatives form two types: small or microspores 

and large or macrospores. 

After germination of microspores, only paternal 

gametophytes that give antheridia appear, and 

maternal gametophytes that give archegonia develop 

from macrospores. The vegetative part of the paternal 

and maternal gametophytes is very ______________. 

This family includes only one genus Selaginella 

(Selaginella), which has _____________ species. 

 

Selaginella is a low herbaceous plant (up to 0.5 m), 

often dichotomously branching. The branches are 

covered with small and densely arranged leaves; in 

some species, the size and shape of the leaves are 

different (it is called _______________). 

Answer: Selaginella (Selaginellaceae), reduced, about 

600, anisophylly 

 

Questions on the topic: 

 

1. What goals do we achieve by studying the division 

of Lycopodiophyta? What is their significance? 

2. Are there any signs that connect the division of 

Lycopodiophyta with the division of Rhyniophyta? 

3. Explain the range of distribution of Selaginella on 

earth. 

4. Discuss the area of distribution of the Lycopodium 

clavatum on earth.  

Evaluation criteria (in points) 

 

 

 

Groups A creative 

approach to 

work (0.5) 

Completion 

of assigned tasks 

(0.3) 

Activity (0.2) Sum of points 

(1) 

1     

2     

3     

CONCLUSION 

 

The organization of laboratory topics in the program 

on the higher plants module of botany science on the 

basis of advanced pedagogical technologies and 

ensuring the increase of students’ learning rate 

requires the creative approach of the science teacher 

today. By doing this, students will achieve a high score 

on botany and significantly increase their knowledge 

on higher plants. 

 

REFERENCES 

 

1. Elkhidir N. (2020) Effective Teaching Strategies 

in Biological Education: Present and Future 

Prospects. Open Science Journal 5(4). 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue02-02
https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=TEACHING%20THE%20LYCOPODIOPHYTA%20DIVISION%20BASED%20ON%20BLOOM’S%20TAXONOMY%20IN%20HIGHER%20PLANTS%20MODULE
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Volume 03 Issue 02-2023 14 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 02     Pages: 08-14 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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2. Tolipova J.O. Using pedagogical technologies 

in teaching biology (parts 1-2). T., 2004. 

3. Khujanazarov U.E. and others. Textbook of 

botany. Tashkent: Innovation-Ziya, 2022. – 400 

p. 

4. Khujanazarov U.E. 2021. Factors Affecting The 

Status Of Mountain And Mountain Pastures Of 

Kashkadarya Basin. Nveo-Natural Volailes & 

Essential oils Journal // NVEO, 12006-12017. 

5. Khujanazarov U.E., Azimov I.T., Nigmatullayev 

B.A., Eshjanov K.J. 2022. Analysis of mountain 

pastures on ecological scale (in the case of 

mountain pastures of southern Uzbekistan). 

Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 

6493-6497. 

 

 

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