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American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 02     Pages: 01-07 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) 
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ABSTRACT 

This article evaluates somatometric indicators and the functional state of the cardiovascular system in adolescents 

living in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The study involved 61 adolescents from the Muynak district, an area that is 

considered environmentally critical, near the dried-up coast of the Aral Sea, and 68 adolescents from the Ellikkala 

district, an area that is considered relatively safe from an ecological point of view. Statistically significant differences 

in the values of body length and body weight of adolescents were revealed (p<0.05). It was found that systolic blood 

pressure and heart rate values in adolescents in Muynak are higher than in their peers living in Ellikkala (p<0.05). There 

were no statistically significant differences in the values of chest circumference and diastolic blood pressure in 

adolescents (p>0.05). In the course of the study, initial data on the morphofunctional status of adolescents living in 

the Republic of Karakalpakstan were obtained. 

 

KEYWORDS 

Karakalpakstan, environment, physical development, cardiovascular system, blood pressure, adolescents. 

  Research Article 

 

FEATURES OF MORPHOFUNCTIONAL INDICATORS OF ADOLESCENTS IN 

THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS OF KARAKALPAKSTAN 
 

Submission Date: February 07, 2023, Accepted Date:  February 12, 2023,  

Published Date: February 17, 2023  

Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue02-01 

 

 

I.I. Nazhimov 
Department Of General Biology And Physiology, Karakalpak State University Named After Berdakh, Ch. 

Abdirov Str, 1, Nukus, Republic Of Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan 

 

G.T. Tajimuratova 
Department Of General Biology And Physiology, Karakalpak State University Named After Berdakh, Ch. 

Abdirov Str, 1, Nukus, Republic Of Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan 

 

N.Sh. Atamuratov 
№45 General Secondary School, Nurli Maskan Village, Bagat District, Khorezm Region, Uzbekistan 

Journal Website: 

https://theusajournals.

com/index.php/ajbspi 

Copyright: Original 

content from this work 

may be used under the 

terms of the creative 

commons attributes 

4.0 licence. 

 

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American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 02     Pages: 01-07 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) 
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INTRODUCTION 

The morphofunctional status of a person is one of the 

main criteria determining the state of health of the 

body, and is manifested in the effects of endogenous 

and exogenous factors in different age ranges [1]. 

Unfavorable environmental conditions primarily pose a 

danger to the child's body [9, 14]. Because their 

physical development and the state of hemodynamics 

are sensitive to changes in environmental factors [1]. 

Therefore, we can call their body one of the markers of 

the state of the environment. In the case of adaptation 

of the child's body to any environmental factors, the 

work of the cardiovascular system is added. It plays a 

key role in maintaining a state of homeostasis. For this 

reason, cardiovascular diseases occupy a leading place 

among the population living in regions with 

unfavorable environmental conditions [5]. One of the 

regions with such unfavorable environmental 

conditions is undoubtedly the Aral Sea region. A 

number of negative environmental factors (dust and 

salt storms, pesticides, heavy metals, salinity, poor 

quality of drinking water) caused by the drying of the 

Aral Sea also had a negative impact on the health of the 

population living in this region [7, 16, 22, 26, 28]. In 

particular, this has led to the morphofunctional 

development of children [19, 23], adolescents [20], 

young men [26, 28], girls [24, 26, 28], athletes [13, 27], 

an increase in the incidence among the population of 

diseases related to the respiratory system [7, 16], 

digestive system [7], endocrine system [7], 

cardiovascular system [7, 8, 21, 22, 23], oncology [7, 18], 

reproductive system [7, 25]. 

 

The purpose of this work is to compare somatometric 

indicators and the functional state of the 

cardiovascular system in adolescents living in Muynak 

and Ellikkalinsky districts of the Republic of 

Karakalpakstan. 

MATERIALS AND METHODS 

 

Somatometric examination was carried out in 129 boys 

aged 14, born and now living in Muynak and Ellikka 

districts of the Republic of Karakalpakstan (61 of them 

- from Muynak and 68-from Ellikka districts). The 

following parameters of the body structure are 

determined: 1. Body weight was measured on 

electronic medical scales with a measurement accuracy 

of up to 100 g, depending on body weight. 2. The height 

was estimated using a height meter «MM 045» with a 

measurement accuracy of up to 5 mm. 3. The 

circumference of the chest was measured using an 

anthropometric tape. 

 

In addition, we measured blood pressure (systolic 

blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure) and heart 

rate in the shoulder using an electronic tonometer. All 

calculations are built-in Excel functions from the 

Microsoft Office 2010 application; MicroCAL Origin 

V.6.10 is implemented using statistical data processing 

programs. According to the results of the study, the 

arithmetic mean (M), standard deviation (SD), 

minimum (min) and maximum (max) values were 

calculated. 

 

RESULTS AND ITS DISCUSSION 

 

According to the results obtained, statistically 

significant differences in the values of body length and 

body weight indicators of adolescents living in areas 

with varying degrees of anthropogenic pollution were 

revealed (Fig.1). 

 

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American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 02     Pages: 01-07 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Figure 1. Comparison of the values of body length and body weight in adolescents living in ecologically different 

areas 

Thus, in adolescents of the Muynak district, close to the 

epicenter of the ecological crisis in the Aral Sea and 

considered environmentally unfavorable, the body 

length was 159.39 ± 1.56 cm, and in adolescents of the 

Ellikka district, considered environmentally relatively 

safe, it was 165.62 ± 1.44 cm (p<0.05). The body weight 

of adolescents in Muynak district was 45.68 ± 0.99 kg, 

and in adolescents in Ellikka district 51.2 ± 0.91 kg, and 

these results are reliable (p<0.05). However, there 

were no statistically significant differences in the 

values of the chest circumference (75.14 ± 1.05 cm in 

Muynak and 77.38 ± 1.10 cm in Ellikka) (p>0.05). 

There were also some differences in hemodynamic 

parameters. In particular, systolic blood pressure in 

adolescents in Muynak is 114.34 ± 1.34 mmHg, and in 

adolescents in Ellikkala 109.29 ± 1.12 mmHg is 

statistically significant (p<0.05) (Fig. 2). 

 

Figure 2. Comparison of blood pressure and heart rate in adolescents living in Muynak and Ellikka districts 

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American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
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VOLUME 03 ISSUE 02     Pages: 01-07 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) 
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There were no statistically significant differences in 

diastolic blood pressure (p>0.05), i.e. 72.08 ± 0.96 

mmHg in adolescents in Muynak and 71.54 ± 0.88 

mmHg in adolescents in Ellikkala. In adolescents in the 

Muynak district, the heart rate value is higher than 

91.58 ± 1.02 beats/min, and in representatives of the 

Ellikkala 82.65 ± 0.98 beats/min (p <0.05). 

 

As can be seen from the results obtained above, 

adolescents living in the Muynak district, close to the 

epicenter of the disaster in the Aral Sea, had lower 

somatometric indicators (except for the chest 

circumference) compared with the values of their 

peers living in Ellikkala. The results obtained are in 

good agreement with the data found in the literature. 

For example, studies were conducted to assess the 

physical development and functional state of the 

cardiovascular system of adolescents living in the 

industrial city of the Irkutsk region. In 30% of lyceum 

students, violations of physical development were 

revealed [4]. Adolescents living in areas of the city of 

Chelyabinsk, more polluted by environmental 

pollutants, had physical development features [12]. It 

was noticed that air pollution reduces the 

circumference of the breast in girls by 1.97 times. A 

decisive role in the formation of deviations in the 

physical development of children aged 12-17 in 

Chelyabinsk was played by atmospheric air pollution 

with ecotoxicants [12]. Epidemiological studies of 

recent decades show a strong link between 

atmospheric air pollution and cardiovascular diseases 

[15]. There are two types of exposure to air pollution. 

Firstly, acute exposure to air pollution can cause 

myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, heart failure. 

Secondly, chronic effects also cause cardiovascular 

diseases and lead to an increase in the mortality rate 

from all causes compared to acute effects [15]. 

 

According to the majority of authors [2, 6], arterial 

hypotension is more common in children of puberty 

age, in children with an average and below average 

level of physical development. The number of children 

with hypertension has increased. Arterial hypertension 

usually indicates higher systolic or systolic and diastolic 

blood pressure in children compared to normal values 

[2, 6]. 

 

One of the factors affecting the physical development 

of children and adolescents in the school environment 

is lack of mobility [11]. Lack of movement (lack of 

mobility) is one of the reasons that cause overweight 

in children. Overweight children and adolescents tend 

to have higher levels of heart rate compared to other 

children [17]. Overweight people abstain from eating, 

and the body does not receive the nutrients it needs. In 

this case, you need to move more, and not abstain 

from eating. High heart rate and respiratory rate 

indicate rapid fatigue when performing small physical 

exertion and low efficiency of the cardiorespiratory 

system [10]. There is evidence that blood pressure and 

body weight correlate with fats in food, proteins in 

food correlate with somatometric indicators of the 

body and heart rate, and caloric content of food 

correlates with body weight and heart rate [3]. 

 

According to recent studies [22], hypotension by 

systolic blood pressure categories was not detected in 

17.64% of 15-year-old girls living in the city of Nukus of 

the Republic of Karakalpakstan, and there were no 

cases of hypertension among girls. However, in 15-year-

old boys, hypotension was observed in 8.70% and 

hypertension in 4.35%. And according to the categories 

of diastolic blood pressure, 2.95% of cases of 

hypotension and 8.82% of cases of hypertension were 

detected in girls, 8.69% of cases of hypotension and 

8.70% of cases of hypertension in boys [22]. It was 

found that unsportsmanlike boys aged 17-19 years 

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American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 02     Pages: 01-07 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) 
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living in the Republic of Karakalpakstan have higher 

systolic blood pressure than girls of the same age. On 

the other hand, the heart rate was higher in girls 

compared to boys [21]. 

 

Studies on athletes aged 17-19 years have shown that 

athletes living in the northern regions of the Republic 

of Karakalpakstan have a higher level of systolic blood 

pressure than athletes from the southern regions [13]. 

Compared with athletes living in different regions of 

Karakalpakstan, it was found that students who do not 

engage in sports have a higher level of heart rate at 

rest [13]. N.P. Mirametova found that the 

cardiovascular and respiratory systems in children 

aged 6-10 years depend on environmental living 

conditions in the South Aral Sea region [8]. 

 

CONCLUSION 

 

Considering the above, the study of the physical 

development of children and adolescents and the 

functional state of the cardiovascular system in the 

conditions of the Southern Aral Sea region is one of the 

most pressing problems of our time. Currently, to solve 

this problem, it is necessary to organize preventive 

work on timely and continuous receipt of information 

about the physical development and functional state 

of children and adolescents. 

 

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American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 02     Pages: 01-07 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) 
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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VOLUME 03 ISSUE 02     Pages: 01-07 

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