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American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 01     Pages: 24-29 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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ABSTRACT 

The characteristic of the growth rates of various indicators at the stages of screening examination allows us to judge 

the adaptation processes occurring in the process of fetal growth. And in fetuses of pregnant women in a state of 

hypothyroidism, the intensity of growth of head parameters was less compared with the parameters of fetuses of 

healthy pregnant women. In fetuses of pregnant women in a state of hypothyroidism, the biparietal head size is 

significantly smaller at the stage of the second screening examination than in fetuses of healthy pregnant women. 

 

KEYWORDS 

Hypothyroidism, experimental hypothyroidism, thyroid pathology, thyroid gland, fetal fetometry, prenatal 

ontogenesis, hypothyroid pregnant women, fetal anthropometry. 

INTRODUCTION 

  Research Article 

 

FETOMETRY OF THE FETUS 
 

Submission Date: January 20, 2023, Accepted Date:  January 25, 2023,  

Published Date: January 30, 2023  

Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue01-04 

 

 

Sagdullayeva Makhmuda Kamalovna 
Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 

 

Ibragimova Shahzoda Abdurahimovna 
Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 

 

Tolmasov Ruzibek 
Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 

Journal Website: 

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com/index.php/ajbspi 

Copyright: Original 

content from this work 

may be used under the 

terms of the creative 

commons attributes 

4.0 licence. 

 

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Volume 03 Issue 01-2023 25 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 01     Pages: 24-29 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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The physiological role of thyroid hormones is 

extremely great and diverse in all periods of a person's 

life, including intrauterine [1]. They regulate and 

coordinate the development of the fetus, the 

processes of growth and differentiation of tissues, 

especially the nervous one [3]. Thyroid hormones 

affect almost all metabolic processes, determine 

postnatal growth, psychomotor, physical and 

intellectual development [2,4]. The functioning of 

many organs and systems largely depends on how fully 

the child's needs for thyroid hormones are met [3]. An 

actively functioning thyroid system determines the 

level of the child's general health [5]. A complex of 

unfavorable factors, including, first of all, a 

complicated course of pregnancy, childbirth, diseases 

of newborns lead to a violation of the postnatal 

adaptation of the pituitary-thyroid system of 

newborns, which manifests itself in the form of a 

transient increase in the level of thyroid-stimulating 

hormone during the first month of life and is defined as 

neonatal transient hypothyroidism  [3,7]. The course of 

pregnancy in women with various pathologies of the 

thyroid gland may be accompanied by intrauterine 

growth retardation, low birth weight, and antenatal 

death [6].  However, according to the literature, we did 

not find information about the anatomometric 

features of the fetus at different stages of pregnancy 

in women in a state of thyroid insufficiency. An in-

depth study of this issue will make it possible to 

develop recommendations for a rational assessment of 

fetal development in this category of pregnant 

women. 

 

The aim of our study was to study the anthropometric 

parameters of the fetus in healthy and pregnant 

women in condition of hypothyroidism.  

 

MATERIALS AND RESEARCH METHODS 

Mandatory screening tests in the I, II and III trimesters 

are performed in accordance with the order of the 

Ministry of Health of Uzbekistan of June 2018, PO - 

5590 “On improving prenatal diagnostics in the 

prevention of hereditary and congenital diseases in 

children.” Fetometry data of 25 healthy fetuses and 32 

fetuses in condition of hypothyroidism were 

determined. Screening studies were conducted 

according to the standard at a certain time: the first 

screening at 12-13 weeks, the second screening at 22-23 

weeks, and screening in 22-23 weeks. The average age 

of pregnant women in both groups averaged 33 ± 0.4 

years, all pregnant women had singleton pregnancies. 

Examination of pregnant women includes a mandatory 

three-time screening ultrasound examination: in 10-14 

weeks of pregnancy, when the thickness of the collar 

space of the fetus is mainly assessed; in 20-24 weeks, 

ultrasound is performed to identify malformations and 

echographic markers of chromosomal diseases; 

ultrasound examination in 32 - 34 weeks is carried out 

in order to identify malformations with their late 

manifestation, as well as for the purpose of functional 

assessment of the state of the fetus. The main purpose 

of these studies is to assess the capabilities of the 

fetoplacental system in terms of providing appropriate 

conditions for the development of pregnancy and its 

successful completion. 

 

MAIN PART 

 

The results of the study showed that the biparietal 

head diameter in fetuses of healthy pregnant women 

at the stages of the first screening examination in 12-13 

weeks averaged 22.2 ± 1.3 mm, in fetuses of pregnant 

women in a state of hypothyroidism at the stages of 

the first screening examination did not differ 

significantly, and averaged 20.9 ± 1.4 mm (Fig. 1). 

 

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Volume 03 Issue 01-2023 26 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 01     Pages: 24-29 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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In fetuses of healthy pregnant women in 14-15 weeks, 

the size of the biparietal indicator averaged 29.5 ± 0.8 

mm, in pregnant women in hypothyroidism, this 

indicator was less and amounted to 26.2 ± 1.2 mm. The 

rate of increase in biparietal diameter indicators from 

12 to 15 weeks in fetuses of healthy pregnant women 

was 32%, and 25.3% in fetuses of pregnant women in a 

state of hypothyroidism. At the time of the second 

screening examination, the biparietal diameter of the 

fetal head in pregnant women in a state of 

hypothyroidism was significantly less in comparison 

with the group of fetuses of healthy pregnant women. 

The average values of this indicator in fetuses of 

healthy pregnant women in 20-21 weeks was 54.2 ± 2.6 

mm and in fetuses of pregnant women in 

hypothyroidism - 46.8 ± 1.4 mm. 

 

In 22-23 weeks, these indicators averaged 60.3 ± 2.6 

mm in fetuses of healthy pregnant women and 51.8 ± 

1.9 mm in pregnant women in a state of 

hypothyroidism. In 24-25 weeks -67.2 ± 2.6 mm and 59.4 

± 1.9 mm, respectively. 

 

Data analyzes have shown that the indicators of the 

biparietal diameter of the fetal head in healthy 

pregnant women are statistically significantly higher 

when compared with the values in pregnant women in 

condition of hypothyroidism. However, the growth 

rate of this indicator in fetuses of healthy pregnant 

women was 23.9% from 20 to 25 weeks, and 26% in 

fetuses of pregnant women in a state of 

hypothyroidism. Analysis of the data of the third 

screening examination shows that the indicators of 

biparietal diameter in pregnant fetuses were 

statistically significantly lower (p <0.05). During the 

third screening examination, the mean values of the 

biparietal diameter of the fetal head in healthy 

pregnant women were 79.8 ± 1.6 mm (at 30-31 weeks), 

82.3 ± 1.5 mm (32-33 weeks) and 87.2 ( 34-35 weeks), 

respectively. In fetuses of pregnant women in a state 

of hypothyroidism, the average values of this indicator 

were 77.5 ± 0.7 mm in 30-31 weeks of gestation, 79.8 ± 

1.2 mm in 32-33 weeks, and 84.8 mm in 34-35 weeks ± 

0.8 mm respectively lower. Moreover, these indicators 

are 2% higher in fetuses of healthy pregnant women. In 

fetuses of healthy pregnant women in 12-13 weeks, the 

frontal occipital size averaged 27.3 ± 1.3 mm, this 

indicator in fetuses in 14-15 weeks was 35.9 ± 1.8 mm. 

The analysis of the data showed that the size of the 

fetal head of the frontal occipital indicators in pregnant 

women in a state of hypothyroidism is less and 

averaged 25.3 ± 1.5 mm in 12-13 weeks of gestation and 

32.8 ± 0.9 mm in 14-15 weeks. In the data of these 

indicators, no significant differences observed (p> 

0.05). The rate of increase in the frontal occipital size in 

fetuses of healthy pregnant women in the period from 

12 to 15 weeks was 31%, in fetuses in a state of 

hypothyroidism was 29%. The frontal-occipital size of 

the fetal head in healthy pregnant women at the stages 

of the second screening examination averaged 65.9 ± 

1.1 mm in 20-21 weeks, in 22-23 weeks these indicators 

reached an average of 72.8 ± 1.5 mm. In fetuses of 

pregnant women in a state of hypothyroidism, the 

dimensions of the frontal occipital size were slightly 

lower and averaged 60.8 ± 0.9 mm in 20-21 weeks, and 

by 22-23 weeks, they were 67.8 ± 1.3 mm. The indicators 

of the frontal occipital size of the fetal head in healthy 

pregnant women at the stages of the second screening 

examination in 24-25 weeks averaged 80.2 ± 1.2 mm, in 

fetuses of pregnant women in a state of 

hypothyroidism these indicators were statistically 

insignificant and amounted to -75.6 ± 1,0 mm, in 22-23 

weeks these indicators reached an average of 72.8 ± 1.5 

mm. 

 

During the third screening examination, the frontal 

occipital size in fetuses of healthy pregnant women in 

30-31 weeks averaged 99.2 ± 1.5 mm, in fetuses in 

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Volume 03 Issue 01-2023 27 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 01     Pages: 24-29 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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hypothyroidism these indicators were 99.0 ± 0.8 mm. 

In 32-33 weeks, the average values of the frontal 

occipital size of the fetal head were 104.9 ± 0.9 mm in 

healthy pregnant women, and 102.9 ± 1.3 mm in 

pregnant women in conditions of hypothyroidism. In 

34-35 weeks, these indicators in fetuses of healthy 

pregnant women were 108.6 ± 1.5 mm, in the group of 

healthy pregnant women, 108.1 ± 1.1 mm. When 

comparing both groups, no statistical differences were 

found. At the time of the third screening examination, 

the growth rate of the frontal occipital size from 30 to 

35 weeks in the group in fetuses of healthy pregnant 

women was 9.4%, and in fetuses of pregnant women in 

a state of hypothyroidism - 9.1%.  

 

Another criterion for assessing the development of the 

fetal skull is the size of the head circumference. The 

size of this indicator does not depend on the shape of 

the fetal head. In terms of 12-13 and 14-15 weeks (the 

period of the first screening examination), the average 

value of this indicator in fetuses of healthy pregnant 

women was 75.5 ± 1.4 mm and 100.3 ± 0.5 mm, 

respectively, and in fetuses in a state hypothyroidism 

73.2 ± 1.1 mm and 96.9 ± 1.4 mm . 

 

There were no statistically significant differences in 

these values in the compared groups (p> 0.05). The 

growth rate of head circumference in fetuses of 

healthy pregnant women was 32.8%, and in fetuses 

with hypothyroidism - 32.3%. 

 

At the stage of the second screening examination in 

fetuses of healthy pregnant women in 20-21 weeks, the 

average head circumference reached 181.8 ± 1.8 mm, 

199.3 ± 3.1 mm in 22-23 weeks and 220.0 ± 2, 7 mm in a 

period of 24-25 weeks. The average head 

circumference in fetuses with hypothyroidism at this 

stage of the survey was 177.5 ± 1.8 mm; 190.1 ± 2.5 mm 

and 215.3 ± 3.1 mm, respectively. The rate of increase in 

the size of the head circumference from 20 to 25 weeks 

in fetuses of healthy pregnant women was 21%, and in 

fetuses in a state of hypothyroidism 21.2%. At the stage 

of the third screening examination in 30-31 weeks in 

fetuses in a state of hypothyroidism, the head 

circumference was 280.2 ± 2.4 mm, in 32-33 weeks - 

294.5 ± 2.1 mm, in 34-35 weeks - 305.9 ± 2.4 mm. 

 

In fetuses of healthy pregnant women, the head 

circumference was 281.4 ± 2.1 mm; 297.6 ± 2.5 mm and 

312.4 ± 3.9 mm, respectively. The growth rate of the 

head circumference from 30 to 35 weeks in fetuses of 

healthy pregnant women was 11%, and in fetuses of 

pregnant women in a state of hypothyroidism - 9.1%. 

There were no statistically significant differences in 

these values in the compared groups (p> 0.05). 

 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 

 

The characteristic of the growth rates of various 

indicators at the stages of screening examination 

allows us to judge the adaptation processes occurring 

in the process of fetal growth. Analysis of our data 

shows that the period from 16 to 20 weeks (the stages 

between the first and second screening examinations) 

is the highest rate of increase in head size. At the same 

time, in fetuses of healthy pregnant women, the rate 

of increase in biparietal diameter was 83.7%, frontal-

occipital size - 83.5%, head circumference - 81.2%. 

 

In fetuses of pregnant women in a state of 

hypothyroidism, the intensity of the growth of head 

parameters was less in comparison with the 

parameters of fetuses of healthy pregnant women. 

Thus, the biparietal head diameter in pregnant fetuses 

in a state of hypothyroidism for the period from 16 to 

20 weeks of intrauterine development increased by 

78.6%, the frontal-occipital size by 85.3%, and the head 

circumference by 75.7%. 

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American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 01     Pages: 24-29 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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The increase in the parameters of the head of the 

fetuses of both groups from 21 to 25 weeks slowed 

down by 2 times. At the same time, indicators of 

biparietal head diameter in healthy pregnant women 

increased by 23.9%, parameters of frontal occipital 

head size by 21.6%, head circumference by 34.8%. These 

indicators in fetuses of pregnant women in a state of 

hypothyroidism had similar values to those in fetuses 

of healthy pregnant women, the biparietal diameter 

increased by 26.9%, the frontal-occipital size by 24.3%, 

the head circumference by 26.4%. 

 

In the periods between the second and third screening 

examinations (26-30 weeks), the intensity of the 

growth of the head size in fetuses increased more 

intensively in pregnant fetuses in a state of 

hypothyroidism. Analysis of the data shows that the 

rate of increase in biparietal head diameteres in fetuses 

of healthy pregnant women was 18.7%, frontal occipital 

size - by 23.6%, head circumference - by 14.8%. In fetuses 

of pregnant women in a state of hypothyroidism, these 

indicators were 19.4%, 17.7%, 21.3%. 

 

The smallest growth rate of fetometry indicators was 

noted during the third screening examination. The 

biparietal diameter in fetuses of healthy pregnant 

women increased by 3.1%, the frontal occipital size - by 

5.7%, and the head circumference - by 14.8%. In fetuses 

of pregnant women in a state of hypothyroidism, these 

indicators were 3.4%; 7% vs. 16%. 

 

The growth rate of fetometry values in 12 to 35 weeks 

in fetuses of healthy pregnant women increased 

biparietal head diameter by 292.7%, frontal occipital 

size by 297.8%, and head circumference by 313.7%. 

In fetuses of pregnant women in a state of 

hypothyroidism, during the studied period, the growth 

rate of head parameters increased biparietal diameter 

by 296%, frontal occipital size - by 295.6%, head 

circumference - by 302.8%, 

 

CONCLUSION 

 

Thus, it can be concluded that in fetuses of pregnant 

women in a state of hypothyroidism, the biparite and 

frontal occipital head sizes are significantly smaller at 

the stage of the second screening examination than in 

fetuses of healthy pregnant women. The head 

circumference of the fetuses of pregnant women in a 

state of hypothyroidism at all stages is less than that of 

the fetuses of healthy pregnant women. 

 

REFERENCES 

 

1. Zaydiyeva Z. S., Yakunina N. A., Prozorov V. V. 

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vremya beremennosti // Russkiy meditsinskiy 

jurnal. 2008. T. 16, № 19. 329 s. 

2. Kiyenya T.A., Morgunova T.B., Fadeyev V.V. 

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tireoidologiya. -2019 –T.15 – N.2 – S. 64 – 72 

3. De Groot L., Abalovich M., Alexander E.K., 

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Volume 03 Issue 01-2023 29 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 01     Pages: 24-29 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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underreplacement with levothyroxine. Clin 

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6. Krassas G. E., Poppe K., Glinoer D. Thyroid 

function and human reproductive health. 

Endocr. Rev. 2010.— 31.— P. 702–755 

7. Leger J, Olivieri A, Donaldson M et al. European 

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consensus guidelines on screening, diagnosis, 

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