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American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 01     Pages: 13-16 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ABSTRACT 

Nowadays, the histological study of the kidney is gaining importance in medicine. In medicine and practice, diseases 

such as kidney stones, blood formation in the kidney - hematuria, glucose formation in the kidney - glucosuria, protein 

formation in the kidney - oliguria, and increased renal arterial blood pressure are increasing. Their treatment mainly 

focuses on the histological structure of the kidneys. 

 

KEYWORDS 

Shumlyansky-Bauman capsule, Malpighian tangle, primary convoluted tubule, secondary convoluted tubule, gene coil, 

collecting tubules, filtration barrier, reverse flow mechanism. 

  Research Article 

 

ABOUT THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE KIDNEY 
 

Submission Date: January 19, 2023, Accepted Date:  January 24, 2023,  

Published Date: January 29, 2023  

Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue01-02 

 

 

Mardonov Mirzabek Begzod O’g’li 
Student Of The Termiz Branch Of The Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan 

 

Hasanova Sevinch Ulug‘Bek Qizi 
Student Of The Termiz Branch Of The Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan 

 

Nomozova Kamola Nuriddin Qizi 
Student Of The Termiz Branch Of The Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan 

 

Rashidova Farangiz Musulmon Qizi 
Student Of The Termiz Branch Of The Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan 

 

Xushvaqtova Osiyo Asadulla Qizi 
Student Of The Termiz Branch Of The Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan 

Journal Website: 

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com/index.php/ajbspi 

Copyright: Original 

content from this work 

may be used under the 

terms of the creative 

commons attributes 

4.0 licence. 

 

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Volume 03 Issue 01-2023 14 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 01     Pages: 13-16 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

INTRODUCTION 

The kidneys perform a very important function in the 

human body: the body participates in maintaining the 

stability of the internal environment, controls the 

exchange of water and mineral salts, participates in 

keeping the pressure in the arteries at a standard level, 

controls the acid-alkaline balance of the internal 

environment, the humoral function is the production 

of erythropoietin, renin, prostaglandin takes part in the 

exchange of protein, fat, carbon and vitamins in the 

body. The main function of the kidneys is to produce 

urine. Kidney disease leads to poisoning of the human 

body and sometimes death. we can consider the main 

mechanisms of its occurrence. 

 

THE MAIN PART 

 

Kidneys are located in 1 pair of bean-like shapes, on the 

back wall of the abdominal cavity, on both sides of the 

lumbar region of the spine. Kidneys have a great 

influence on organs and tissues. When the kidneys are 

cut from the frontal level, two parts are distinguished: 

1) Cortex renalis; 2) Core substance (Medulla renalis). 

the insides are clearly visible. When the cortex material 

is viewed through a microscope, it is possible to see 

nephrons - the anatomical functional unit of the kidney. 

a) primary curved tube; 2) Loop of Henle; a) 

descending proximal tube; b) ascending distal tube; 3) 

curved tube of Lamchi; 4) collecting ducts; 

Shumlyansky-Baumen capsule and Malpighian tangle 

inside it from parietal and visceral sheets Capillary 

plexus: consists of capillary nets, fenestrated 

endothelium in capillaries and a 3-layer basement 

membrane lying below it. substances must be passed 

through the filter. However, because there is a 

filtration barrier here, not all substances can pass into 

the capsule cavity. The filtration barrier is formed by: 1) 

podocyte cells; 2) cytotrabeculae; 3) glomerular 

capillary; 4) filtration membrane; a) basal membrane; 

b) endothelium; 

c) visceral sheet slits; The visceral sheet of the capsule 

is covered with flat epithelial cells - podocytes. 

Cytotrabeculae grow out of the podocyte body and 

divide into cytopedicles. The cytopedicles touch the 

basal membrane of the capillaries. Z covers and 

strengthens the capillaries as it holds the prey. 

Between the cytopedicles there are gaps - slits, they 

are 30-50 nm in size. Capillaries also have slits, through 

which substances smaller than 7 nm can pass into the 

capsule cavity. In particular, blood-shaped elements, 

large proteins of blood plasma, immune cells, 

fibrinogen, and those with high molecular mass. 

proteins cannot pass through. The fluid that has 

passed into the capsule cavity is considered to be a 

filtration fluid. Proximal part of the nephron. 1. The 

epithelium of the proximal tubule consists of single-

layered cylindrical striated and basal convoluted cells, 

and striated microvilli are visible in the electron 

microscope. Microvilli provides reabsorption of 

substances in urine into the blood. through microvilli, 

small molecule proteins, glucose, electrolytes and 

water are reabsorbed from primary urine into the 

blood. The descending tube is thin, 13-15 μm in 

diameter, the wall consists of flat epithelial cells. 1-2 

short microvilli are held in the apical part of the cell. 

through which water is reabsorbed into the blood. 

A cubic cell consisting of a tube with a diameter of 30 

μm in the ascending thick part. Na+ is absorbed in this 

tube and participates in maintaining the acid-base 

balance. There are many mitochondria here and they 

contain ATF-ase. high activity and the connection of 

mitochondria with the basal and lateral membranes of 

the cell are considered factors that perform complex 

activities such as increasing the concentration of urine. 

The absorption of water through the descending 

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Volume 03 Issue 01-2023 15 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 01     Pages: 13-16 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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proximal tubule and sodium absorption through the 

ascending distal tubule creates a reverse flow 

mechanism. Secondary through the tube, Na+, K+, H2o 

and other substances are reabsorbed into the blood. 

The amount of reabsorption of these substances into 

the blood creates a forced reabsorption mechanism. 

Consists of several segments. There are 4 parts of the 

tubule, one of which is the cortex of the kidney, and 

the other three parts are located in the medulla. 

Collecting tubules have two types of leaking and dark 

cells. The leaking cells are cuboidal and evenly 

distributed in the cytoplasm. a plate-like complex 

consisting of few mitochondria, cisternae, vacuoles 

and vesicles, small tubules of the endoplasmic 

reticulum, free ribosomes and polysomes are found, 

there are many short protrusions on the side surface 

membranes. Dark cells. Blue ultrastructural structures 

from leaking cells. It differs from pligi. These cells 

contain a lot of mitochondria and dense hyaloplasm. 

Urine acidification (having an acidic condition) is 

related to the activity of the intermediate cells of the 

collecting ducts. is supplied with blood through it. 

Renal artery branches into small vessels, forming 

arterioles It is crushed to form a malpigi ball. The 

diameter of the afferent arteriole is twice that of the 

efferent arteriole. This causes a pressure difference. 

The muscular layer of the afferent arteriole is well 

developed, because it directly branches off from the 

abdominal aorta. The splenic vein passes into the blood 

vessel. Ball veins are involved only in the formation of 

urine. Shumlyansky-Baumen's capsule is formed by the 

same blood vessel entering and leaving the same blood 

vessel. 

 

CONCLUSION 

 

In conclusion, it should be said that the kidneys are one 

of the organs that secrete toxic substances into the 

external environment in the human body. Kidney 

disease causes various diseases and has a toxic effect 

on a person. In particular, urea, creatinine, indole, uric 

acid, and ammonia secreted by the kidneys are in the 

human body. When the kidneys are infected, the 

tissues lose their normal function and the body swells, 

because the toxic substances have a toxic effect on the 

tissues and cells. 

 

REFERENCES 

 

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https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query=
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajbspi


Volume 03 Issue 01-2023 16 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 03 ISSUE 01     Pages: 13-16 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1121105677     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

Journal of Medical and Natural Science , 3 (5), 

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