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American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 02 ISSUE 11     Pages: 01-04 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1121105677    METADATA IF – 5.896 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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ABSTRACT 

In this article, there are opinions about the physiology of endurance and metabolism of plants, its structure and 

growth conditions. 

 

KEYWORDS 

Biology, physiology, plant science, chemical properties, durability, biological and physical factors. 

INTRODUCTION 

It is known that all living organisms have the 

characteristics of adaptation to biotic and abiotic 

factors of the environment and protection from 

adverse conditions. It has developed and improved 

during evolution since the formation of living 

organisms. Due to the fact that there are many factors 

that harm organisms and lead to their destruction, the 

mechanisms of protection against them are not limited 

to metabolic changes, but also morphological changes, 

for example, the formation of thorns. In plant 

physiology, the growth and development of plants in 

alternative and unfavorable conditions is represented 

by the concept of “stability”.  

“Resilience” takes into account the processes of 

stagnation and regeneration. Each stage of biological 

development has its own mechanisms, for example, at 

the molecular level, in the form of polyploidy, at the 

level of the organism, the formation of many gametes 

and sperm, etc. Examples of recovery processes 

include the repair of damaged DNA with the help of 

  Research Article 

 

BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PLANT ENDURANCE AND DEFENSE 

PHYSIOLOGY 
 

Submission Date: November 01, 2022, Accepted Date:  November 05, 2022,  

Published Date: November 14, 2022  

Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume02Issue11-01 

 

 

Shomansur Sh. Juraev 
Head of the department of scientific research, innovation and scientific-pedagogical personnel training Jizzakh 

State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan 

Journal Website: 

https://theusajournals.

com/index.php/ajbspi 

Copyright: Original 

content from this work 

may be used under the 

terms of the creative 

commons attributes 

4.0 licence. 

 

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Volume 02 Issue 11-2022 2 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 02 ISSUE 11     Pages: 01-04 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1121105677    METADATA IF – 5.896 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

enzymes, the formation of growth buds, regeneration, 

etc. 

Physiology of arousal. “Arousal” consists of three 

stages as an organism’s response to an unfavorable 

factor.  These are the stages of “revival”, adaptation 

and exhaustion. If the last third stage of agitation 

develops quickly, the organism may die. A plant 

organism, unlike an animal organism, responds to 

stimulation not by activation of metabolism, but by 

reduction. This is due to the increase of ethylene and 

ABK hormones, which stop metabolism in the body in 

the state of excitement. Factors that induce the state 

of excitation in plants can be divided into three groups. 

 

THE MAIN FINDINGS AND RESULTS 

Physical factors. These include lack or excess of 

moisture, light, temperature, radioactive radiation, and 

mechanical effects.  

Chemical factors. These include salts, gases, 

herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, industrial waste, 

etc.  

Biological factors. These include damage by pests and 

diseases, competition with other plants, the impact of 

animals, flowering, fruit ripening. The effect of the 

same factor on one or another plant may or may not 

cause agitation depending on its type of resistance. For 

example, in relation to drought, vegetation can be 

divided into two groups. 

Mechanisms of cell movement. Even when there are 

weak effects on the cell, for example, the absorption 

of a dye, the light transmission of the cytoplasm and its 

viscosity change. When the effect is strong, the 

opposite of the above cases is not the case. If the 

stimulus is strong and its effect increases rapidly, the 

following changes occur in the cell: 

1. Increased membrane permeability and 

repolarization of plasmalemma membrane 

potential.  

2. The transfer of Ca2+ ions from the cell wall, 

vacuole, ET, mitochondria and other internal 

compartments of the cell to the cytoplasm.  

3. Shifting the pH of the cytoplasmic environment 

to the acidic side.  

4. Activation of the assembly of cytoskeletal 

meshes and actin microfilaments and, as a result, 

an increase in the viscosity of the cytoplasm and 

light transmission.  

5. Increased oxygen absorption, increased 

consumption of ATF and development of free 

radical reactions.  

6. Increased hydrolytic processing.  

7. Increased synthesis and activity of stress 

proteins.  

8. Increased activity of the H+ pump in the 

plasmolemma. It can also be present in hoi 

tonopiast and resists changes in ion homeostasis 

to a non-optimal direction. 

9. Synthesis of ethylene and ABK hormone 

increases. Cell division and growth stop, and 

normal physiological and metabolic processes 

are inhibited. 

The cessation of cell functional activity is caused by 

inhibitors, and the energy value of the cell is used to 

resist undesirable changes. 

Inflammatory reactions can be triggered by any 

stimulus and are aimed at protecting the internal 

compartments of the cell and preventing unwanted 

changes. All these things develop and develop 

together. Protection of plants from adverse factors in 

various forms, for example, changes in the 

characteristics of the anatomical structure - the 

formation of cuticles, shells and mechanical tissue, the 

formation of special protective organs, for example, 

the formation of thorns, scalds, movement and 

physiological reactions, in particular, it can be in the 

form of synthesis of various protective agents - waxes, 

phytoalexins, toxins and protective proteins.  

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Volume 02 Issue 11-2022 3 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 02 ISSUE 11     Pages: 01-04 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1121105677    METADATA IF – 5.896 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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The level of strength of the plant is measured by its 

resistance to adverse factors, i.e. resistance to high and 

low temperatures, lack of oxygen, water shortage, 

salinity, environmental pollution, ionizing rays, 

infection, etc. All the unpleasant factors mentioned 

above can be called triggers, and the reaction of the 

organism can be called “excitement”. Protection 

mechanisms are created depending on the time of 

exposure to these triggers. For example, if the effect 

of an unfavorable factor on the plant lasts for a long 

time, special mechanisms of protection arise, and if it is 

short, non-specific mechanisms of protection arise. 

Biochemical defenses. The basis of biochemical 

defenses in plant organisms is that some toxic 

compounds formed as a result of the plant’s reaction 

to an unfavorable environmental factor and that is, 

caused by the decomposition of high molecular 

substances, are released through leaves and other 

organs. For example, the water retention property of 

the cytoplasm in drought conditions is ensured by the 

formation of small molecular hydrophilic proteins in its 

composition. These hydrophilic proteins bind a lot of 

water as hydrate shells.  

 

Proline helps to preserve water in the cytoplasm during 

drought. That's why the amount of proline in the cell 

increases significantly when there is a lack of water. 

Also, an increase in the amount of monosaccharides in 

the cytoplasm has a positive effect on water retention. 

The recovery of plants after drought depends on the 

preservation of their genetic composition in the 

conditions of lack of water and high temperature. For 

example, the protection of the DNA molecule from 

drought is determined by the property of its molecule 

to partially lose its activity with the help of nuclear 

proteins. Therefore, changes in the amount of DNA can 

be observed only in the case of long-lasting severe 

drought.  

Drought can also cause a number of significant 

changes in plant hormone systems. Such changes can 

be attributed to a decrease in the amount of auxin, 

cytokinin, gibberellin, and phenolic growth-

accelerating substances that accelerate plant growth, 

and an increase in the amount of ABK and ethylene 

hormones. It is important to increase the amount of 

growth-stopping hormones in plants, especially in the 

initial periods of drought. Because, when the plant is 

not provided with alternative water, the quick closing 

of the leaf openings depends on the amount of ABK 

hormone, which increases many times in these plants 

in a few minutes. For example, the amount of ABK 

hormone increases several times even when the lack of 

water for a plant is very small - 0.2 MPa. But in 

mesophytic plants, the potential of water to increase 

the amount of ABK is different. For example, for corn, 

the water potential that causes an increase in ABK 

hormone is 0.8 MPa, while for rye, this indicator is 1.0 

MPa. 

 

In general drought conditions, the amount of ABK 

hormone in plant tissues can increase by an average of 

0.15 micrograms per hour in relation to the weight of 1 

gram of water. What is the amount of water consumed 

as a result of evaporation through the closing of the 

mouths of the leaves, which occurred as a result of the 

increase of the ABK hormone in plant tissues? reduces 

Also, ABK accelerates the synthesis of proline, which 

causes protein degradation. This condition also causes 

a certain amount of water to be preserved in the cell. 

Accumulation of ABK hormone in plant roots leads to 

inhibition of RNA and protein synthesis, and slows 

down the synthesis of another growth hormone, 

cytokinin.  

 

CONCLUSION 

In short, it can be said that in the conditions of water 

shortage, the increase in the amount of ABK hormone 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume02Issue11-01
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Volume 02 Issue 11-2022 4 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation    
(ISSN – 2771-2753) 
VOLUME 02 ISSUE 11     Pages: 01-04 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2021: 5. 705) (2022: 5. 705)  
OCLC – 1121105677    METADATA IF – 5.896 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

in the plant tissues reduces the water loss through the 

leaf stomata of the plant. A large amount of water 

causes evaporation of proteins, and changes the 

metabolism in the cell to a relatively alternative state. 

Another of the biochemical changes that occur in 

plants when there is insufficient water is the increase 

in a certain amount of the hormone ethylene 

(CH2=CH2), which is one of the growth inhibitory 

hormones in plant tissues. In agriculture, it is possible 

to increase the resistance of plants to drought to a 

certain extent [1]. For this purpose, the plant seeds are 

dried before planting, that is, they are cooled and dried 

several times. In this case, plant seeds are adapted to 

drought. Xeromorphological signs appear in the 

morphology of the leaves of plants sprouted from such 

seeds, which, in turn, affect the evaporation of water 

from the leaves, giving the plants more drought-

resistant properties. 

 

REFERENCES 

1. Atabayeva H., Umarov Z., Boriyev H. and others 

– “Plantology” - T.: Labor, 2000. 

2. Alyokhina N.D., Bolnokin Yu.V., Gavrilenko V.F. 

Physiology of plants Moscow: “Academy”. 

2007. 640 p. 

3. Vakhmistrov D. B. Spatial organization of ion 

transport in the root. 49th Timiryazev Reading. 

- Moscow: “Nauka”, 1991. 48 p. 

4. Gennis R. Biomembranes: Molecular structure 

and function. Per. from English- Moscow:Mir, 

1997. 624 p. 

5. Kulaeva ON Hormonal regulation of 

physiological processes in plants at the level of 

RNA and protein synthesis. 41st Timiryazev 

reading. - Moscow: “Nauka”, 1982. 83 p. 

6. Lebedev S.I. Physiology of plants. Moscow: 

“Agropromizdat”, 1988.544 p. 

 

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