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 VOLUME Vol.05 Issue01 2025 

PAGE NO. 5-8 

DOI 10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue02-02 

 
 
 
 

Analysis of models for involving experimental liver 

poisoning in rats 
 

Urazbayeva Sh.O. 

Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute, Uzbekistan 

 

V.F. Tukhtasheva 

Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Uzbekistan 

 

Saidov S.A. 

Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Uzbekistan 

 

Yakubov A.K. 

Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Uzbekistan 

 

 

Received: 07 December 2024; Accepted: 09 January 2025; Published: 11 February 2025 

 

Abstract: In recent years, chronic liver diseases have become a significant cause of death and disability [2], there 
is a trend towards an increase in the number of patients with chronic liver disease. It is widespread mainly among 
people of working age [3], which is explained by the living conditions of modern humans and the presence of a 
large number of chemical compounds in the environment. This leads to changes in metabolic processes in the 
liver and its toxic damage. 

According to WHO data, over the past 20 years, there has been a trend towards an increase in the number of liver 
diseases leading to high mortality worldwide. Today, the number of patients with various hepatobiliary 
pathologies in the world exceeds 2 billion people. In the CIS countries alone, between 500,000 and 1 million people 
with various liver diseases are registered annually [4]. 

A sharp increase in the number of patients with chronic liver diseases was facilitated by an increase in the 
incidence of viral and toxic (alcoholic and drug) hepatitis, as well as a significant increase in the number of patients 
with obesity and diabetes mellitus. 

The hepatoprotective properties of drugs improve metabolism, inhibit peroxidation, activate lipid metabolism, 
and protect mitochondrial and microsomal enzymes from damage to varying degrees [1]. 

 

Keywords: Hepatitis, experimental hepatitis, paracetamol hepatitis, hepatitis induced by 40% ethyl alcohol, 
galactosamine hepatitis induction model, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). 

 

Introduction: Today, despite the wide range of 
preparations with hepatoprotective properties, the 
demand for this group of preparations remains high. 
Scientific research aimed at solving this problem is 
based on the correct choice of the hepatitis model and 
the correct conduct of the experiment. Therefore, we 
began our research with the analysis of models of 
experimental hepatitis induction. 

Currently, the following methods are used in the study 
of experimental liver poisoning: 

1. Citing a model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) 
poisoning in the liver 

Calculating a model of liver poisoning using carbon 
tetrachloride (CCl4) is a widely used method in 
toxicological and biomedical research. When creating 

 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue02-02
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue02-02
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue02-02
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue02-02


American Journal of Applied Science and Technology 6 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajast 

American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745) 
 

 

this model, the following steps are carried out: 

Experiment design 

For this purpose, groups are created for white male 
laboratory rats. At least 4 groups are taken, with no less 
than 6 white male laboratory rats in each. The 1st group 
is the "intact" group, in which the disease is not caused. 
The 2nd group is the "control" group, where carbon 
tetrachloride (CCl4) causes liver poisoning and is not 
treated. The 3rd group is the experimental group, 
where carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) causes poisoning in 
the liver, and before this, the studied drug was 
administered in a certain dose. The 4th group is the 
comparison group, where carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) 
causes poisoning in the liver, and before this, the drug, 
which is widely used in medical practice today, is 
administered in a certain dose. 

Experiment 

These groups were cut 0.5 cm from the tip of the tail of 
all laboratory rats, blood was taken to obtain 
preliminary biochemical results, and a preliminary 
analysis was conducted. After this, the "Intakt" group 
was given distilled water for 6 days, corresponding to 
body weight. The control group was also given distilled 
water for 6 days. The experimental group was given the 
studied drug at 1 mg/kg or at a certain dose for 6 days. 
The comparison group is given a drug that has been 
used in medical practice for 6 days. On the 7th day, all 
groups, except the intact group, were administered 
50% carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) 0.3 ml for every 100 g 
of body weight 3 times a day. Blood was taken from the 
tail of laboratory rats of all groups for biochemical 
analysis. 

Monitoring and evaluation 

Monitoring for several hours or days after 
administering the drug. 

Researchers evaluate changes occurring in the liver, 
blood enzyme levels, and other biological indicators. 
This process helps to understand the mechanisms of 
liver poisoning. 

Health metrics 

Observe the general health of rats, in particular their 
activity and behavior. 

` Liver function assessment 

Taking blood samples to assess liver function and 
measuring ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST 
(aspartate aminotransferase), and bilirubin levels. 

2. Eliciting a model of liver poisoning in laboratory rats 
using paracetamol. 

Citing a model of liver poisoning in laboratory rats using 
paracetamol (acetaminophen) mainly uses the ability 
of paracetamol to damage liver cells at high doses. This 

model is widely used for the study of liver diseases and 
the testing of new treatment methods. Below is the 
process of creating a model of liver poisoning using 
paracetamol: 

Experiment design 

For this, 180-220 g of laboratory rats (for example, 
Sprague-Dawley or Wistar rats) are selected and 
grouped. For this, at least 4 groups of white male 
laboratory rats are taken, with no less than 6 in each. 
The 1st group is the "intact" group, in which the disease 
is not caused. 

The 2nd group is the "control" group, where 
paracetamol causes liver poisoning and is not treated. 
The 3rd group was the experimental group, where 
paracetamol induced liver poisoning, and the studied 
drug was previously administered in a specific dose. 
The 4th group is the comparison group, where 
paracetamol causes liver poisoning, and before this, 
the drug, which is widely used in medical practice 
today, is administered in a certain dose. 

Experiment 

Before starting the experiments, the rats intended for 
the experiment are weighed and grouped. Blood was 
taken from all groups of rats and the initial biochemical 
blood parameters were determined. 

Modeling of liver damage using paracetamol was 
carried out as follows: laboratory white male rats 
weighing 180-220 g were given the studied preparation 
at various doses once a day for 14 days. 

For the next two days, 1000 mg/kg of paracetamol is 
administered orally once. 

- The rats of the control group were given distilled 
water under the same conditions, and they were also 
injected with paracetamol at 1000 mg/kg for the last 2 
days. 

The intact group is given distilled water under the same 
conditions. 

The drug of comparison (placebo or another drug) is 
also administered for 14 days and paracetamol 1000 
mg/kg once a day for the last 2 days. 

Monitoring and evaluation 

Monitoring for several hours or days after 
administering the drug. 

On the last day of the experiment, blood was taken 
from all groups of laboratory rats, biochemical 
indicators were analyzed, and the results were 
evaluated by comparison with the initial blood test. 

Health metrics 

Observe the general health of rats, in particular their 
activity and behavior. 



American Journal of Applied Science and Technology 7 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajast 

American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745) 
 

 

Liver function assessment 

Taking blood samples to assess liver function and 
measuring ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST 
(aspartate aminotransferase), and bilirubin levels. 

Calculation of a liver poisoning model in laboratory rats 
using 40% ethyl alcohol. 

With the help of this model, it is possible to study the 
mechanisms of ethanol leading to liver poisoning and 
test potential antidotes or treatment methods. 

Experiment design 

For this purpose, groups are created for white male 
laboratory rats. At least 4 groups are taken, with no less 
than 6 white male laboratory rats in each. The 1st group 
is the "intact" group, in which the disease is not caused. 
The 2nd group is the "control" group, where poisoning 
of the liver with 40% ethyl alcohol is induced and is not 
treated. The 3rd group was the experimental group, 
where poisoning of the liver was induced with 40% 
ethyl alcohol, and before this, the studied drug was 
administered in a certain dose. The 4th group is a 
comparison group (placebo or another drug), in which 
poisoning of the liver is induced with the help of 40% 
ethyl alcohol, and before this, the drug, widely used 
today in medical practice, is administered in a certain 
dose. 

Experiment 

Before starting the experiments, the rats intended for 
the experiment are weighed and grouped. Blood was 
taken from all groups of rats and the initial biochemical 
blood parameters were determined. 

Modeling of liver damage using paracetamol was 
carried out as follows: laboratory white male rats 
weighing 180-220 g were given 40% ethyl alcohol 1 
time a day for 7 days, 2 hours before administration, in 
various doses. 

On the last 7 days of the experiment, 40% ethyl alcohol 
is administered orally once for 7 days, 2 hours before 
administration. 

- The rats of the control group were given distilled 
water under the same conditions, and on the 7th day, 
2 hours after the injection of distilled water, they were 
also injected with 7 ml/kg of 40% ethyl alcohol using a 
probe. 

The intact group is given distilled water under the same 
conditions. 

The comparison drug (placebo or another drug) is also 
administered for 7 days, and 7 ml/kg of 40% ethyl 
alcohol is administered 2 hours after the last drug was 
administered. 

Monitoring and evaluation 

Monitoring for several hours or days after 
administering the drug. 

On the last day of the experiment, blood was taken 
from all groups of laboratory rats, biochemical 
indicators were analyzed, and the results were 
evaluated in comparison with the initial blood test. 

Health metrics 

Observe the general health of rats, in particular their 
activities and behavior. 

Liver function assessment 

Taking blood samples to assess liver function and 
measuring ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST 
(aspartate aminotransferase), and bilirubin levels. 

3. Experimental model for inducing galactosamine 
hepatitis 

The galactosamine hepatitis induction model is a 
widely used experimental method for studying liver 
diseases. With the help of this model, it is possible to 
study the processes of inflammation and liver damage. 
This method is closest to viral liver disease 
(Vengerovsky A.I. et al. 1999-2002). Below is 
information about the process of creating a model of 
galactosamine hepatitis: 

In this method, the experimental design and analysis 
methods are almost identical, differing in the method 
of causing poisoning agent and disease. 

Galactosamine was administered orally to laboratory 
rats of all groups, except the intact group, at a dose of 
500 mg/kg for 4 days. 

During the experiment, observation of the general 
health and behavior of the rats, assessment of liver 
function: taking blood samples and measuring the 
levels of ALT, AST, bilirubin, histological analysis: taking 
liver tissue, microscopic examination: microscopic 
examination is carried out to identify changes in liver 
cells (for example, inflammation, necrosis, fibrosis). 

The obtained results were subjected to statistical 
analysis and the influence of galactosamine on liver 
poisoning was determined. 

In any experiment, it is important to observe ethical 
standards. It is necessary to obtain permission from the 
ethics committee before using animals. 

CONCLUSION 

Each of the experimental models we studied is of 
particular importance, and the preparations planned 
for study should be studied in all four ways. 

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Sambueva Z. G.1, Toropova A. A.1 choleretic and 



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American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745) 
 

 

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https://health-ua.com/article/15676-effektivnost-i-
bezopasnost-gepatoprotektorov-s-tochki-zreniya-
dokazatelnoj- 

 

 


