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 VOLUME Vol.05 Issue02 2025 

PAGE NO. 40-44 

DOI 10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue02-11 

 
 
 
 

Aeropalynological monitoring of allergenic plants in 

termiz city, Uzbekistan 
 

D.B.Fayzullaeva 

Phd student, Samarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov, Samarkand 140163, Uzbekistan 

 

Kh.K.Khaydarov 

Prof., Samarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov, Samarkand 140163, Uzbekistan 

 

 

Received: 24 December 2024; Accepted: 26 January 2025; Published: 28 February 2025 

 

Abstract: This article provides a detailed review of the essence of aerobiological monitoring, the importance of 
conducting palynological researches. It also provides information on the progress of aerobiological monitoring 
and scientific research in Uzbekistan. In addition, it will be possible to get acquainted with the results of research 
on the relationship between the pollination season and meteorological factors of some plants that has an 
allergenic feature in the city of Termez. 

 

Keywords: Lanzoni VPPS 2010, pollen grain, allergy, pallinosis, palynology, monitoring, Uzbekistan, light 
microscop. 

 

Introduction: Social production changes the 
environment by directly or indirectly influencing all its 
elements. This influence and its negative consequences 
have become especially pronounced with the increase 
in the scale of human activity and during the modern 
scientific and technological revolution [1]. The 
biological component is the most objective factor that 
can show how favorable the territory is for living, and 
helps to determine whether the situation in a particular 
region is dangerous for humans or, conversely, 
favorable for living. The deterioration of the ecological 
situation leads to an increase in the level of allergies 
[9,10]. Pollen grains have the ability to adsorb various 
non-biological substances and particles on their surface 
and can carry various pollutants and dust over long 
distances. Environmental changes lead to significant 
changes in the protein shell of pollen grains, which in 
turn leads to an increase in allergic reactions in humans 
[8]. Environmental pollution leads to an increase in the 
period of pollination of plants. Therefore, monitoring 
pollen of allergenic plants in cities is especially relevant 
[2,6]. Numerous studies show the widespread 
occurrence of hay fever in the world, its important 
specific features. The distribution of pollen in the 

atmosphere, the differences in the species composition 
of pollen allergens, confirm the importance of studying 
the nature of the distribution of these allergenic plants 
in all natural zones and determining them in the 
aeropalynological regime. In the occurrence and 
development of hay fever, natural geographical 
conditions, the nature of the vegetation, the 
distribution of allergenic plants, the time and duration 
of their flowering, the quantitative and qualitative 
composition of pollen in the air play an important role 
[4]. Aeropalynological monitoring of allergenic plants 
should provide an idea of the changes in pollen levels, 
allergenic plants and their pollen complexes for each 
region, depending on the season and weather 
conditions. A person must have 500 pollen grains for 
the disease to develop, that is, he must breathe air with 
a concentration of at least 25 pg/m3 [3]. To determine 
the concentration of pollen in the air, allergists of the 
International Center for Molecular Allergology of 
Uzbekistan and researchers of Samarkand State 
University conducted aeropalynological studies. 
Lanzoni VPPS 2010 dust traps were installed 
throughout the republic for aerobiological monitoring. 
Experts provide information on the results of the 
observations to the population, as well as to people 

 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue02-11
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue02-11
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue02-11
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue02-11


American Journal of Applied Science and Technology 41 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajast 

American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745) 
 

 

suffering from hay fever, on the qualitative and 
quantitative composition of pollen of allergenic plants 
and fungal spores in the air of large cities during the 
period of pollination and spore formation every day 
(throughout the year) (information is provided via SMS 
messages to the short number 3700 and via the 
website www.icma.uz). Pollen monitoring was carried 
out in accordance with modern aeropalynological 
research methods [11]. Aeropalynological studies, 
along with phenological and meteorological 
observations, are necessary for the development of the 
urban landscape. 

METHODS 

Aerobiological monitoring in Termez was carried out 
using a Lanzoni VPPS 2010 dust trap. The results 
obtained were analyzed quantitatively and 
qualitatively under an optical microscope, and the 
results were supplemented. As a result of the study, the 
concentration of plant pollen grains in the urban 
atmosphere was determined and systematically 
analyzed to the genus level. In addition, a pollen 
calendar of plants was compiled. Advantages of the 
palynological method used in the study: 

1. Each pollen grain (p.g.) and spore can be identified 
to the family, genus, and sometimes species level due 
to its morphological characteristics. 

2. Higher plants produce a large number of pollen 
grains and spores, the shell of which falls to the surface 
of the earth and, while preserving its morphological 
characteristics, turns into rock and becomes a 
component of sedimentary deposits. 

3. Both pollen grains and the shell of spores 
(sporoderm) consist of a chemical composition, 
including sporopollenin, that is resistant to various 
physical and chemical influences. Due to such a 
characteristic morphological structure, pollen grains 
and spores are easily transported by wind, water, birds, 
and insects. Today, the influence of various abiotic 
factors on them is also being considered within the 
framework of aerobiological studies [11]. 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

Pollen rain, its formation patterns, seasonal 
characteristics and daily dynamics of pollination of 
individual taxa, the role of pollen in the formation and 
development of hay fever, changes in the properties of 
pollen grains and the structure of pollen grains under 
the influence of a changing environment are currently 

among the problems that are actively discussed in the 
scientific literature[5]. Modern aerobiological studies 
study the taxonomic composition of the aerospectrum 
in different regions, estimate the share of various taxa, 
including allergenic pollens. The time of onset and 
duration of pollination of taxa are determined; the 
influence of various meteorological parameters on the 
concentration of pollen in the atmosphere; 
aerobiological data are combined with data from 
allergological tests to determine the cause-and-effect 
relationship between the presence in the air of certain 
plant pollens and the occurrence of allergies, the 
taxonomic relationship of aeroallergens characteristic 
of the studied regions, and the time of their 
appearance in the air spectrum. [11]. 

The following taxa typical of the flora of Termez 
demonstrate allergenic properties according to the list 
recommended by the Allergology Center: 

• Alnus (A. glutinosa), 

• Corylaceae ( Corylus), 

• Cupressaceae ( Cupressus, Juniperus, Taxus), 

• Oleaceae (Fraxinus), 

• Betula (B.pendula), 

• Pinaceae ( Picea, Pinus), 

• Quercus (Q.ilex, Q.cerris, Q.robur, Q.rubra), 

• Poaceae, 

• Rumex (R. acetosa, R. crispus, R. obtusifolius), 

• Plantago (P. coronopus, P. lanceolata, P. major, P. 
media), 

•Moraceae 

• Amaranthaceae, 

• Artemisia (A. annua, A. verlatorum, A. vulgaris), 

• Ambrosia (A. artemisiifolia, A. elatier). 

The relationship between the pollen concentration of 
the above-mentioned plants in the atmosphere, pollen 
season and meteorological factors was determined as 
a result of palynological studies conducted in Termez in 
2024-2025, and the studies are ongoing. Based on the 
results obtained, it is intended to draw conclusions 
about the risk of allergies and provide 
recommendations and suggestions for eliminating or 
reducing the risk. The data presented in Figure 1 below 
represents the pollen calendar of these plants. 

 



American Journal of Applied Science and Technology 42 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajast 

American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745) 
 

 

 



American Journal of Applied Science and Technology 43 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajast 

American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745) 
 

 

 

Figire 1. Pollen calendar of Termez city 2024. 

The beginning of pollination depends on the regions, or 
rather, on the meteorological factors in the regions. 
Surkhandarya region is located on the southern part of 
the republic, and the high temperature and early start 
of the season affect the phenology of plants, as well as 
the pollination season [7]. From the picture above, it is 
clear that the flowering season of the plant begins from 
the last decade of February and lasts until early 
autumn. The pollination season is different for trees 
and grasses, with the pollination season of trees mainly 
falling in spring, and for grasses, it occurs in summer 
and autumn. Taking into the account the timing of the 
onset of pollination and the waves of plant pollination 
identified by the author, it is possible to predict the 
periods of pollination of deciduous, coniferous, cereals 
and some weed groups of plants. 

CONCLUSION 

Pollen allergenicity monitoring is an old problem that 
requires new solutions. However, sometimes the will to 
innovate the field tends to overcome the necessity of 
standardised, comparable data. Nowadays there is a 
wide range of different methods available for pollen 
monitoring, but their relative efficiency is sometimes 
unclear. This divergence of approaches is partly rooted 
in the geographical variability of pollen allergies and 
plant diversity, that makes it difficult to extend local 
results 

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Asam et al. Tree pollen allergens - an update from a 
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