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 VOLUME Vol.05 Issue02 2025 

PAGE NO. 34-36 

DOI 10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue02-09 

 
 
 
 

Germination characteristics of greater celandine 

(CHELIDONIUM MAJUS L.) Seeds 
 

Achilova Sh.S. 

PhD candidate, Scientific Research Institute of Oriental Medicine, Alpomish Street 35, Samarkand, 140107, Uzbekistan 

 

Rabbimov A. 

(DSc), Scientific Research Institute of Oriental Medicine, Alpomish Street 35, Samarkand, 140107, Uzbekistan 

 

Ergashev SH.M 

(PhD), Scientific Research Institute of Oriental Medicine, Alpomish Street 35, Samarkand, 140107, Uzbekistan 

 

 

Received: 24 December 2024; Accepted: 26 January 2025; Published: 28 February 2025 

 

Abstract: This article presents the results of research conducted on the germination of Greater Celandine 
(Chelidonium majus L.), one of the valuable medicinal plant species. It was found that under laboratory conditions, 
seed germination was high (91.4-93%) with an optimal germination temperature of 25-30°C. Field germination, 
however, was relatively low (17.7-24.5%), influenced by the seeds' anatomical structure and variable 
environmental conditions. 

 

Keywords: Seed, germination, embryo, seed coat, germination temperature, dicotyledonous nutlet, 
environmental factors, sowing periods. 

 

Introduction: Developing the pharmaceutical industry 
is one of Uzbekistan's priorities. This development 
requires establishing industrial plantations of medicinal 
plants and expanding their assortment. Many 
medicinal plant species are representatives of wild 
flora, with relatively little known about their ecological 
and biological characteristics. This lack of knowledge 
hinders their cultivation and plantation development. 
Thus, the study of biological features is necessary for 
scientifically based cultivation. 

Greater Celandine is a valuable medicinal plant not 
recorded in Uzbekistan's natural flora. Its extracts are 
used to treat liver, gallbladder, and skin diseases 
(Kholmatov, Qosimov, 1994). This study used seed 
samples of Greater Celandine from Germany (first-
generation reproduction in Samarkand). The article 
presents findings on the seed quality of this plant. 

Research Objective 

The study aimed to develop a scientific basis for 
cultivating Greater Celandine in the Samarkand region 

by studying its biological, morphological, and 
physiological characteristics. 

METHODS 

The germination of Greater Celandine seeds was 
studied under laboratory and field conditions. 
Laboratory germination was evaluated using standard 
seed science methods (Kuleshov, 1963; Leurda & 
Belskykh, 1974; International Seed Testing Rules, 
1984). Seeds were germinated in Petri dishes at 
different temperatures (20-22°C and 25-30°C) on filter 
paper or river sand. Field germination was assessed by 
sowing 100 seeds in January, February, and March, and 
counting emerged seedlings. Data were statistically 
analyzed using the methods of B.A. Dospekhov (1979). 

RESULTS  

Laboratory Germination 

The fruit of Greater Celandine is a multi-seeded, 
elongated capsule. Seeds are very small, smooth, and 
shiny black. The weight of 1,000 seeds was found to be 
5.71 mg. The embryo is dicotyledonous and enclosed in 

 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue02-09
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue02-09
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue02-09
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue02-09


American Journal of Applied Science and Technology 35 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajast 

American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745) 
 

 

a hard, smooth seed coat, which delays water and 
oxygen absorption, slowing germination. 

 

Table 1. Laboratory Germination of Greater Celandine Seeds (20-22°C) 

# 
Seeds 

Sown 

Sowing 

Date 

Germination 

Date 

Germinated 

Seeds 

Duration 

(days) 

Germination (%), 

M±m 

1 50 07.12.2024 15.01.2025 46 39 91.4 

2 50 07.12.2024 15.01.2025 48 39 91.4 

3 50 07.12.2024 15.01.2025 47 39 91.4 

4 50 07.12.2024 15.01.2025 42 39 91.4 

     Average: 

45.7±1.3 
 

 

Figure 1. Seed germination under laboratory conditions. 

Initial data showed 60% germination within 12 days at 
23°C. Total germination reached 70% after 30 days. 
Seeds germinated slowly at 20-22°C, requiring 39 days 
for completion, but achieved a high germination rate 
(91.4%). 

In the second variant, seeds were germinated at 25-
30°C on river sand. Germination started on January 12, 
2025, and by January 15, 2025, most seeds had 
germinated, with an average germination rate of 93%. 

Table 2. Laboratory Germination of Greater Celandine Seeds (25-30°C) 

# 
Seeds 

Sown 

Sowing 

Date 

Germination 

Date 

Germinated 

Seeds 
Duration (days) 

Germination (%), 

M±m 

1 50 22.12.2024 15.01.2025 48 24 93.0 

2 50 22.12.2024 15.01.2025 42 24 93.0 

3 50 22.12.2024 15.01.2025 46 24 93.0 

4 50 22.12.2024 15.01.2025 50 24 93.0 

     Average: 

46.5±1.7 
 

Figure 2. Seed germination under different laboratory conditions. 



American Journal of Applied Science and Technology 36 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajast 

American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745) 
 

 

River sand provided better conditions for germination 
due to stable moisture and temperature. 

Field Germination 

Field germination was studied by sowing seeds in  

January, February, and March. Seedlings emerged in 
mid-April, regardless of the sowing date, and were 
counted by the end of April. 

 

Table 3. Field Germination of Greater Celandine Seeds 

Sowing Date Seeds Sown Seedlings Emerged Germination (%) 

January 100 24.5±3.2 24.5 

February 100 19.2±1.4 19.2 

March 100 17.7±0.9 17.7 

 

Figure 3. Field germination progress until August. 

Field germination was relatively low (17.7-24.5%), 
influenced by the seeds' anatomical structure and 
variable environmental factors. 

CONCLUSION 

Greater Celandine can produce high-quality seeds 
under Samarkand's soil and climatic conditions. 
Laboratory germination reached 91-93%, while field 
germination ranged from 17-24%, depending on 
environmental factors. The optimal germination 
temperature in laboratory conditions is 25-30°C, and 
January is the most suitable sowing month. 

REFERENCES 

Dospekhov B.A. Methodology of Field Experiments. M., 
"Kolos", 1979. - 475 p. 

Kuleshov N.N. Agronomic Seed Science. M., Selkhozgiz, 
1963. - 312 p. 

Leurda I.G., Belskykh L.V. Determining Seed Quality. M., 
"Kolos", 1974. - 100 p. 

International Seed Testing Rules. M., "Kolos", 1984. - 
310 p. 

Kholmatov H.H., Qosimov A.I. Medicinal Plants. 
Tashkent, "Ibn Sina", 1994. - 365 p. 

 

 


