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 VOLUME Vol.05 Issue01 2025 

PAGE NO. 20-25 

DOI 10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue02-06 

 
 
 
 

Development of composition and technology of capsule 

drug form extracted based on "cobalt-30 neo" substance 
 

K.R Ramazonova 

Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research 

 

I.A Xodjaeva 

Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research 

 

 

 

Received: 17 December 2024; Accepted: 19 January 2025; Published: 21 February 2025 

 

Abstract: The fractional composition, dispersibility, bulk density, and residual moisture of the γ-cyclodextrin 
derivative of Cobalt-30, the "Cobalt-30 neo" substance, were determined according to the applicable regulations. 
In developing the composition and technology of the capsules, the type and number of excipients were selected, 
taking into account the technological properties of the mass. The composition and technology of the "Cobalt-30" 
capsule were developed, and all these aspects were thoroughly studied in the article. 

 

Keywords: "Cobalt-30 Neo", dispersibility, bulk density, residual moisture, capsule drug form, excipients. 

 

Introduction: One of the urgent and important issues 
of the modern pharmaceutical industry is to increase 
the solubility of drugs, control the concentration and 
rate of release of active substances from the drug form. 
In order to solve this problem, various excipients are 
used, as well as methods of incorporating drugs into 
nano-sized materials are being used. In particular, the 
cyclodextrin (CD) complex is increasingly attracting the 
attention of scientists among many nanoscale agents. 
Nowadays, cyclodextrin molecules are widely used by 
scientists to create various drug forms. The use of 
cyclodextrin and its derivatives makes it possible to 
increase the stability of substances, reduce side effects, 
active substances to easily pass through biological 
barriers, and to achieve high effectiveness in small 
doses. Today, a derivative of cyclodextrins with high 
solubility and drug solubilizing activity - hydroxypropyl-
γ-cyclodextrin (HP-γ-CD) is also widely used. In this 
regard, Cobalt-30, a substance used in leukopoiesis and 
hepatitis diseases, was synthesized as a supramolecular 
complex compound with HP-γ-CD.  

The purpose of the work: to develop a capsule drug 
form with optimal composition and scientific basis 
based on the complex combination of Cobalt-30 with 

HP-γ-CD. 

Relevance of the topic. Currently, among ready-to-use 
drugs produced on an industrial scale, capsule drugs 
take the leading place. The capsule form of the drug is 
precisely dosed, has a rapid effect on the body and is 
highly bio-efficient, and has the ability to prolong and 
control the action of the active substance. 

When choosing the composition and technology of 
certain capsules, it is of great practical importance to 
study the technological properties of the mass to be 
placed inside the capsule. Also, the technological 
properties of the substance "Cobalt-30 Neo" have a 
significant impact on the choice of the type of drug, the 
composition of excipients and the technology of 
obtaining the drug. If the technological features of the 
substance, such as fractional composition, 
dispersibility, bulk density, and residual moisture, are 
within the standard limits, the capsule fills evenly with 
the substance, ensuring a consistent average capsule 
weight. Moreover, the quantitative analysis meets the 
required standards, ensuring the stability of the 
capsule. 

Experience part. The experiments were based on 
determining the physicochemical features and 

 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue02-06
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue02-06
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue02-06
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue02-06


American Journal of Applied Science and Technology 21 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajast 

American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745) 
 

 

technological properties of the mass to be 
encapsulated. The structural - mechanical properties of 
the substance, specifically, the shape and size of the 
particles, were determined according to the methods 
given in the section 2.9.37 "Optical microscopy" of the 
State Pharmacopoeia of the Republic of Uzbekistan. 
The size and shape of the particles are one of the main 

indicators that directly affect the technological 
properties of the mass to be encapsulated. 
Physicochemical properties of particles were 
determined using an ADF U300P microscope with a 
magnification of 10 to 600 times (Figure 1). 

 

  
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 1. Magnified images of the substance "Cobalt-30 Neo" under an electron microscope

Looking at Figure 1, it can be seen that the substance 
"Cobalt-30 Neo" is a polydisperse powder composed of 
various particles, and it is mainly composed of plate-
shaped irregular particles of similar length and width. 
At the next stage of the research, the technological 
properties of the substance "Cobalt-30 Neo" were 
studied, and the results of the fractional composition 
analysis are presented in Table 1. The fractional 
composition of the substance was determined 
according to the method presented in the scientific 
literature. To determine the fractional composition, 
100 g of substance was placed in a set of sieves of  

different diameters and then sieved. For this purpose, 
100 g of mass was placed on the uppermost sieve and 
a mechanical oscillatory motion was created for 5 
minutes. Then the sieves were opened, the masses on 
the sieve were weighed individually with an accuracy of 
0.01g, and the obtained results were written in the 
form of Table 1. The ones that remained on the sieve 
were marked with (+), and the ones that passed 
through the sieve were marked with (-). Fractional 
composition was expressed in µm, %. 

 

Table 1 

Results of determining the fractional composition of the substance 

"Cobalt-30 Neo" (n=5) 

Fractional composition:  Units of measure Obtained results 

 

    +1000 

-1000   +500 

-500     +355 

-355     +250 

-250     +180 

µ km, %  

54,75 

25,7 

11,7 

3,71 

2,35 



American Journal of Applied Science and Technology 22 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajast 

American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745) 
 

 

            -180 1,79 

Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that 
54.75% of the substance consists of particles larger 
than +1000 µm. The proportion of -1000+500 µm 
particles is 25.7%, while the -500+355 µm fraction 
accounts for 11.7%. Additionally, -355+250 µm 
particles make up 3.71%, -250+180 µm particles 
represent 2.35%, and particles smaller than 180 µm 
constitute 1.79%, as shown by the experimental 
results. It is known that if the particles of the substance 
and the mass to be encapsulated are of the same size 

or the difference between their sizes is not large, the 
amount of the active substance in the capsules filled 
during the encapsulation process and the average 
weight of the capsules will be the same and there will 
be minimal deviations from it.  

For the development of capsule drug forms, residual 
moisture, dispersibility and bulk density of the 
substance "Cobalt-30 Neo" were determined. The 
results are presented in Table 2. 

Table 2 

Results of determination of technological properties of "Cobalt-30 Neo" substance (n=5) 

 

Examined parameters Units of measure Obtained results 

Dispersibility g/s 3,4 

Bulk density kg/m3 450 

Natural deviation angle degree 43 

Residual moisture % 4.45 

According to the results of determining the 
physicochemical features and technological properties 
of the substance "Cobalt-30 Neo", it is necessary to 
improve the fractional composition, dispersibility and 
bulk densities. Various excipients were used for this 
purpose, which are widely employed in the 
pharmaceutical industry today. When choosing the 
composition of the "Cobalt-30 Neo" capsule, corn 
starch and microcrystalline cellulose were used as 

fillers, sodium croscarmellose and sodium starch 
glycolate as lubricants and dissolution enhancers, while 
calcium stearate and magnesium stearate were used as 
anti-friction agents. Taking into account the humidity of 
the substance, it was first dried at 60⁰C for 1 hour and 
then ground in a mill. 6 different compositions were 
prepared with ground substance and various excipients 
approved for use in medical practice (Table 3). 

 
Table 3 

Suggested compositions for "Cobalt-30 Neo" capsules 

 

№ The substances taken for the 

capsule mass, mg 

Compositions, mg 

1 2 3 4 5 6 

Substance, mg 

1. "Cobalt-30 Neo" 81.7 81.7 81.7 81.7 81.7 81.7 

Excipients, mg 

2. Magnesium stearate 2.5  2.5  2.5  

3. Calcium stearate  2.5  2.5  2.5 

4. Sodium croscarmellose 7.5 7.5  7.5   

5. Corn starch 158.3 158.3   158.3  

6. Sodium starch glycolate   7.5  7.5 7.5 

7. Microcrystalline cellulose   158.3 158.3  158.3 

8. The mass quantity for per capsule 250±10 250±10 250±10 250±10 250±10 250±10 



American Journal of Applied Science and Technology 23 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajast 

American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745) 
 

 

The technological properties of the prepared 
compositions were determined according to the above 
methods, and the obtained results are presented in 

Table 4.  

 

Table 4 

The results of determining the technological parameters of the mass contained in the “Cobalt-30 Neo” 

capsule 

Examined parameters Obtained results 

Т-1 Т-2 Т-3 Т-4 Т-5 Т-6 

Fractional composition, µm, 

%: 

+1000 

-1000   +500 

-500     +355 

-355     +250 

-250     +180 

-180 

 

2,6 

9,4 

64.09 

18,35 

4,3 

1,26 

 

2,34 

9.1 

65,22 

17,5 

4,6 

1,24 

 

2,1 

9.8 

67.73 

15,8 

3,4 

1,17 

 

2,8 

9.4 

65,11 

17,3 

4,2 

1,19 

 

2,2 

9,8 

63,48 

18,7 

4.54 

1,28 

 

2.95 

9,51 

64,08 

18,1 

4.11 

1,25 

Dispersibility, g/s 3,85 3,91 4,5 4,28 3,95 4,19 

Bulk density, kg/m3 502 512 569 525 528 523 

Natural deviation angle, degree 43 45 35 42 40 37 

Residual moisture, % 4,14 4,16 4,07 4,11 4,15 4,1 

Disintegration time, min 13,33 13,33 9,24 10,3 11,33 9,55 

From the results presented in Table 4, it can be seen 
that all compositions have different technological 
properties. The bulk density was 502-569 kg/m3, the 
natural deviation angle was 35-45 degrees. The residual 
moisture index in the mass to be encapsulated did not 
exceed 5% in all compositions and was found to be 
significantly improved compared to the initial 
substance and was in the range of 4.07-4.16%. 
However, the dispersibility of the prepared masses was 
relatively low in the 1,2,5-contents, and the samples 
containing corn starch were 3.85 g/s, 3.91 g/s, and 3.95 
g/s, respectively. A mass with low dispersibility 
increases the likelihood of sticking to the hopper of the 
encapsulating machine. 

The disintegration time of the capsules was determined 
according to the method given in State Pharmacopoeia 
of the Republic of Uzbekistan and did not exceed 20 

minutes, as required by the pharmacopoeia. 

Based on the above results, the technological 
properties of the studied compositions were analyzed. 
The number of excipients selected for composition № 
3 demonstrated the most optimal indicators, including 
dispersibility, natural deviation angle, fractional 
composition, and residual moisture. 

To prove the scientific justification of the selected 
composition for the "Cobalt-30 Neo" capsule and to 
preliminarily assess its compliance with ND 
requirements, a comparative study of the technological 
properties of the "Cobalt-30 Neo" substance and the 
selected composition was conducted. The results are  

recorded in Table 5. 

 

Table 5 

Comparative study of the technological properties of the substance “Cobalt-30 Neo” and the selected 

composition 

Examined parameters Units of measure Obtained results 

“Cobalt-30 Neo” 

substance 

 

Selected 

composition 

(№3) 

Fractional composition 

+1000 

-1000   +500 

-500     +355 

-355     +250 

µm, % 

 

 

54,75 

25,7 

11,7 

3,71 

 

2,1 

9.8 

67.73 

15,8 



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American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745) 
 

 

-250     +180 

            -180 

2,35 

1,79 

3,4 

1,17 

Dispersibility g/s 3,4 4,5 

Bulk density kg/m3 450 569 

Natural deviation angle degree 43 35 

Residual moisture % 4.45 4,07 

Based on the results, it was determined that the 
fractional composition of the substance "Cobalt-30 
Neo" was 11.7% of 0.355-0.5 mm particles, and the 
fractional composition of the selected capsule mass 
was 67.73%. This shows that the result is shifted in a 
positive direction, leading to an improvement in the 
dispersibility of the mass and the possibility of 
obtaining a high-quality capsule increases. It was 
proved that the dispersibility of the mass to be 
encapsulated changed from 3.4 g/s to 4.5 g/s, the bulk 
density from 450 g/ cm3 to 569 g/ cm3, and the residual 
moisture from 4.45% to 4.07%. 

Due to the correct selection of excipients in the 
selection of the composition of the "Cobalt-30 Neo" 
capsule, it was scientifically proven that the residual 
moisture of the mass decreased, its dispersibility 
improved and other technological indicators changed 
in a positive direction. The selected composition was 
recommended for further research on the 
development of capsule technology. 

Thus, the composition of the drug "Cobalt-30 Neo" for 
1 capsule was selected: 

"Cobalt-30 Neo"                                 81.7mg 

Sodium starch glycolate                     7.5mg 

Magnesium stearate                            2.5mg 

Microcrystalline cellulose                  158.3mg 

The average mass is 250mg 

Technology: To prepare the capsule mass, residual 
moisture in "Cobalt-30 Neo" was dried to the optimum 

level at a temperature of 60ºС, ground and sieved using 
a 0.5 µm sieve. The excipients listed above were also 
sieved using a 0.5 µm sieve and thoroughly mixed with 
the substance. Capsules were filled by direct 
encapsulation method in UXF-300 type mechanical 
encapsulation equipment. The technological scheme of 
obtaining "Cobalt-30 Neo" capsules is presented in 
figure 2. 

When filling the "Cobalt-30 Neo" capsule mass into 
hard gelatin capsules, № 2 gelatin capsules were used. 
The description of the technological process is 
presented in Figure 2. 

It is known that the direct encapsulation method of the 
mass to be encapsulated without granulation is 
practically economical and has the following 
advantages: it does not require additional equipment 
(granulator, mixer), reduces energy consumption, and 
increases work efficiency. The composition of the 
capsule offered on the basis of "Cobalt-30 Neo" shows 
good technological properties and allows direct filling 
of the capsule. The proposed capsule composition 
based on "Cobalt-30 Neo" exhibits good technological 
properties, allowing for direct capsule filling. In the 
development of the above technology, the shape of the 
powder particles and losses during grinding were taken 
into account. The quality parameters of the hard № 2 
dark yellow gelatin capsules obtained according to 
formulation 3 were determined. The results are 
presented in Table 6. 

 

Table 6 

Results of evaluation of the quality of "Cobalt-30 Neo" capsules 

 

External 

parameters 

Average weight and 

its deviation 

g, % 

Solubility, %                      

(not less than 

75%) 

Disintegration

, minutes 

(not less than 

20 minutes) 

 

Quantitative 

analysis, 

Cobalt-30 mg 

(13,5-16,5 mg) (±10%)  

Dark yellow hard 

gelatin capsules  

№ 2 

 

 

-7,35%; +9.8% 

 

90% 

 

9,24 min 

 

15.3 mg 



American Journal of Applied Science and Technology 25 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajast 

American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745) 
 

 

The obtained capsules complied with the requirements 
specified in State Pharmacopoeia of the Republic of 
Uzbekistan in terms of appearance, deviation from 
average weight and dissolution time. 

CONCLUSION 

According to the results of the experiment, by studying 
the technological properties of the "Cobalt-30 neo" 
capsule, an alternative composition suitable for the 
preparation of the capsule medicine was selected and 
its technology was developed. 

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