Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 46 American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation (ISSN – 2771-2753) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 46-50 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) OCLC – 1121105677 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi ABSTRACT Molecular allergological diagnostics is a modern method of determining sensitization, which allows to diagnose specific IgE with higher accuracy than traditional diagnostic methods, especially skin tests. This study was conducted in order to determine the types of allergenic molecules to which patients with allergic diseases are sensitive. KEYWORDS Allergic diseases, molecular allergology, diagnostics. INTRODUCTION Allergic diseases are an urgent global problem that negatively affects the health of adults and children today. Despite the fact that modern medicine is developing year by year, and new technologies are coming in, there are still many problems that are waiting to be solved in terms of making an accurate diagnosis of allergic diseases in patients. In the history of diagnosis of allergic diseases, in the second half of the 19th century, skin testing with extracts of potential allergenic sources began to be used [1]. In 1967, specific IgE was detected in the blood serum of a patient with myeloma, and tests for in vitro diagnosis of allergic diseases began to appear. It is no exaggeration to say that a real revolution in allergology took place at the Research Article RESULTS OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS OF ALLERGENS CAUSING ALLERGY AMONG THE POPULATION OF UZBEKISTAN Submission Date: April 20, 2024, Accepted Date: April 25, 2024, Published Date: April 30, 2024 Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume04Issue04-08 N.N. Alimova Tashkent Medical Academy Republican Scientific Specialized Center Of Allergology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Vafoyeva N.I. Tashkent Medical Academy Republican Scientific Specialized Center Of Allergology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Journal Website: https://theusajournals. com/index.php/ajbspi Copyright: Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the creative commons attributes 4.0 licence. https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01 https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q= https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query= https://theusajournals.com/ https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume04Issue04-08 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajbspi https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajbspi Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 47 American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation (ISSN – 2771-2753) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 46-50 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) OCLC – 1121105677 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi end of the 20th century, when the first recombinant allergen was cloned [2, 3]. In recent years, molecular allergology methods based on detection of specific IgE have appeared instead of traditional allergen extracts, which are a modern method of determining sensitization. The molecular components used today are purified or recombinant proteins, which provide a higher level of standardization than allergen extracts and allow the detection of specific IgEs with high sensitivity [4]. This study was conducted in order to determine which allergenic molecules are sensitive to allergenic molecules by the molecular diagnostic method. Material and methods. A prospective observational single-center study was conducted in January-April 2024 at the Republican Scientific Center of Allergology with the participation of 68 patients. The presence of specific IgE in relation to the type of allergen in the patient was determined immunologically using the ISAC (ImmunoCAP) device in the venous blood serum sample. It was analyzed how many patients included in the study were sensitized to each allergen. Results. According to the results of the immunological analysis, sensitivity to allergenic molecules of plants such as soybean (44%), solyanka (38%), and chenopodium (34%) was the highest among patients. Sensitivity to some allergen molecules (Cannabis - Can s 3, European house mite - Derp 10 and 11, Aspergillus fumigatus molecules, etc.) was not detected in any of the patients. Material and methods A prospective observational single-center study was conducted in January-April 2024 at the Republican Scientific Specialized Allergology Center. 68 children and adults suffering from various allergic diseases were included in the study. Clinical and demographic data of patients are given in Table 1. Table 1. Clinical and demographic data of patients Indicator n % Total number of patients 68 100 Sex a woman 31 46 male 37 54 Age https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01 https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q= https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query= Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 48 American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation (ISSN – 2771-2753) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 46-50 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) OCLC – 1121105677 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi 1-7 18 26 7-18 12 18 >18 38 56 Diagnosis Allergic rhinitis 29 42.6 Bronchial asthma 15 22.0 Atopic dermatitis 5 7.35 Bubbles 6 8.82 Drug allergy 2 2.94 Insect allergy 2 2.94 Bronchitis 5 7.35 Others 4 5.88 A detailed allergy anamnesis was collected for the study from patients who applied to the outpatient clinic of the center and received inpatient treatment. Standard clinical and biochemical blood tests were performed. If necessary, examinations such as chest x- ray, determination of external respiratory function were performed. For the purpose of molecular diagnostics, venous blood was taken from patients, and the presence and amount of specific IgE against the type of allergen in the patient was determined immunologically using the ISAC (ImmunoCAP) device. Using this method, the presence or absence of sensitivity to 294 different allergens from 165 sources was determined. It was analyzed how many patients included in the study were sensitized to each allergen. Results According to the results of immunological analysis, sensitivity to allergenic molecules of plants such as soybean, solyanka, and chenopodium was the highest among patients. Table 2 lists the names of allergenic molecules to which sensitivity was determined in more than 10% of patients. Table 2. Allergens to which sensitization was detected in most patients https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01 https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q= https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query= Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 49 American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation (ISSN – 2771-2753) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 46-50 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) OCLC – 1121105677 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi Allergen source Allergen molecule Number of encounters in patients % Soya Gly m 5 30 44.1 Solyanka Sal k 26 38.2 Chenopodium (Common mar) Ama r 23 33.8 Solyanka Sal k 1 17 25 Kiwi Act d 2 16 23.5 Timofeyevka Phl p 1 15 22.0 Cat Fel d 1 13 19.1 Date palm Pho d 2 12 17.6 Timofeyevka Phl p 2 15 22.0 Ambrosia Amb a 1 14 20.5 Bees Api m 1 12 17.6 Perennial weed Lol p 1 11 16.1 Paspalum/ Buckwheat Pas n 12 17.6 An ordinary bee Ves v 11 16.1 Cynodon dactylon Cyn d 1 10 14.7 Timofeyevka Phl p12 11 16.1 Cypress Cup a 1 10 14.7 Erman Shugoh Art v 11 17.7 Erman Shugoh Art v 1 11 16.7 Melon Cuc m 2 11 16.7 Cynodon dactylon Cyn d 10 14.7 Ambrosia Amb a 10 14.7 American house dust mite Der f 2 10 14.7 Japanese cryptomeria Cry j 1 7 10.2 Stinging nettle Urt d 8 11.7 https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01 https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q= https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query= Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 50 American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation (ISSN – 2771-2753) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 46-50 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) OCLC – 1121105677 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi Sensitivity to other allergens has been identified in a relatively small number of patients. Sensitivity to some allergen molecules (Cannabis - Can s 3, European house mite - Derp 10 and 11, Aspergillus fumigatus molecules, etc.) was not detected in any of the patients. CONCLUSIONS The use of molecular diagnostics provides additional information about allergens and specifies which plant dusts, food sources of trigger allergens to avoid in patients. Among the population of our republic, sensitivity to Soya - Gly m 5, Solyanka - Sal k, Chenopodium Ama r molecules in patients suffering from allergic diseases is more common than to other allergenic molecules. REFERENCES 1. Valenta R, Karaulov A, Niederberger V, Gattinger P, van Hage M, Flicker S, Linhart B, Campana R, Focke-Tejkl M, Curin M, Eckl-Dorna J, Lupinek C, Resch-Marat Y, Vrtala S, Mittermann I, Garib V, Khaitov M, Valent P, Pickl WF. Molecular Aspects of Allergens and Allergy. Adv Immunol. 2018;138:195-256. doi: 10.1016/bs.ai.2018.03.002. Epub 2018 Apr 26. PMID: 29731005. 2. Harwanegg C, Hiller R. Protein microarrays for the diagnosis of allergic diseases: state-of-the- art and future development. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2005;43(12):1321-6. doi: 10.1515/CCLM.2005.226. PMID: 16309367. 3. Martorano L, Erwin EA. Aeroallergen Exposure and Spread in the Modern Era. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2018 Nov-Dec;6(6):1835-1842. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.08.014. PMID: 30390901. 4. Mari A. When does a protein become an allergen? Searching for a dynamic definition based on most advanced technology tools. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008 Jul;38(7):1089-94. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.03011.x. PMID: 18477011; PMCID: PMC2607534. https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01 https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q= https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query=