Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 34 American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation (ISSN – 2771-2753) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 34-40 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) OCLC – 1121105677 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi ABSTRACT The article contains information about the development of livestock farming in our republic, the introduction of cattle breeding, increasing the production of cattle breeds, cattle products, and increasing the productivity of animals. KEYWORDS C husbandry, Ubre Blanca, Kazakh white, Santa Gertrude, Hereford breeds, Simmental, Kostroma breeds. INTRODUCTION Cattle breeding is the main field of animal husbandry, and its milk and meat sectors have a special place in providing the population with important food products. Thick, heavy hides can be obtained from cattle, which can be used to make the best shoes. In addition, a lot of manure is obtained from cattle, which helps to increase the fertility of the land. The development of this sector in Uzbekistan is related to the specific characteristics of agriculture, irrigated agriculture has a positive effect on the development of cattle breeding. Therefore, cattle breeding is the main direction of animal husbandry in all irrigated regions of Uzbekistan. It is not without reason that 70% of the income of livestock products falls on this sector. In terms of milk productivity, cattle surpass all livestock. The fact that the milk yield of cows in the advanced farms of the republic is 4000-5000 kg indicates that there are huge untapped opportunities in this field. Milking of 110.5 kg of milk in one night from a cow named Ubre Blanca in Cuba shows that we do not use cows to their full potential. Research Article THE IMPORTANCE OF LIVESTOCK IN THE ECONOMY AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS Submission Date: April 20, 2024, Accepted Date: April 25, 2024, Published Date: April 30, 2024 Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume04Issue04-06 E.K. Zoldasbaeva 2nd year student of biology education, Nukus State Pedagogical Institute named after Ajiniyaz, Uzbekistan Journal Website: https://theusajournals. com/index.php/ajbspi Copyright: Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the creative commons attributes 4.0 licence. https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01 https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q= https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query= https://theusajournals.com/ https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume04Issue04-06 https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume04Issue04-06 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajbspi https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajbspi https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajbspi https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajbspi Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 35 American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation (ISSN – 2771-2753) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 34-40 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) OCLC – 1121105677 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi Cattle can be raised successfully in all regions of Uzbekistan, but the characteristics of agriculture, soil, geographical location, natural and climatic conditions of each region require selection of its direction and breeds . The unique structure of the gastrointestinal tract of cattle is capable of consuming and digesting coarse and bulky food with a large amount of fiber. Therefore, cattle can consume a lot of the above nutrients and give a lot of cheap livestock products with a small amount of feed. While digesting 55-60% of the fiber contained in the diet of cattle, this indicator is 30-18% in horses and pigs. Cattle can be fed mainly blue forages during the summer and coarse and succulent forages in the winter. Even in the diet of the most productive cows, 75-80% of volume food can be made. The long life of cattle allows them to be used in the farm for many years. Some high-value bulls are reported to last 16-20 years, and cows 20-23 years. The main goal is to get more offspring from famous animals. But breeding and goods 10-12 years for cows and 7-8 years for bulls is considered suitable, then they do not justify themselves economically due to the decrease in the productivity and fertility of animals. In Uzbekistan, this sector is considered the main sector of animal husbandry and occupies a special place in the production of livestock products. The development of this industry cannot be said to be the same in all regions of the republic. There are more than 6.5 million cattle in the republic, of which more than 2.8 million are cows. On average, 1,600 kg of milk is obtained from one cow in the republic, which indicates that the opportunities in this field are not fully utilized. The average weight of cattle handed over to the state is 259 kg, which cannot be said to be at the level of today's requirements. This figure is 300-350 kg in several regions of the republic. In order to develop cattle breeding in the country , it is necessary to provide cattle with enough food, improve breeding work, and open a wide way for the development of this field in farms of different types of ownership. Increasing the production of livestock products, increasing the productivity of animals, production of products food consumption for it is necessary to increase efficiency based on reducing the cost of products based on reduction. In order to develop cattle breeding in the country, taking into account the forms of ownership, it is necessary to improve production processes on the basis of scientific achievements and advanced experiences, in order to improve the production of cattle products in them, milk and beef. Issues of demarcation of cattle breeds in the republic determination, future improvement of the bred breeds development of guidelines, and breeding requires the creation of a new system (line) and families of breeds that are being bred in farms. The use of cross-breeding and cross-breeding methods in https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01 https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q= https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query= Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 36 American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation (ISSN – 2771-2753) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 34-40 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) OCLC – 1121105677 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi improving breeding work in cattle breeding should serve as the key to increase herd quality and animal productivity in a short period of time. If necessary, in order to increase the proportion of purebred animals in the republic, it is necessary to purchase a limited amount of cattle belonging to bright future breeds from foreign countries in the coming years. does. The quality of herds improvement in limited periods requires the widespread use of recognized bulls, after passing control on the productivity of their progeny, based on the widespread introduction of artificial insemination in farms of all types of ownership. One of the important areas of development of the industry is the problems of proper breeding of young cattle. To do this, it is necessary to drive cows in time, feed and keep cows, organize their birth, and organize the rearing of calves during the milk period and beyond at the standard level. For this purpose, after filling the herd , it is necessary to separate the born calves into groups for meat, and organize their rearing . Feeding the female calves specially allocated for replenishing the herd on the basis of separate rations, organizing rational storage and organizing them to be released at the age of 16-18 months when they reach the weight of 340-350 kg, gives the opportunity to fill the herd of cows at the expense of the first born cows. In order to increase the milk productivity of cows, wean them in time before giving birth, arrange rest for cows before giving birth, organize the birth of cows in special departments, and feed them for 90-100 days. (razdoy) should have a special place. Organizing feeding of cows based on their live weight and productivity should be the main tool in realizing the potential of cows and milk productivity. Increasing the production of beef can be organized in farms of all types of ownership. Farms specializing in meat production should be distinguished in this area. In this regard, increasing the number of farms engaged in specialized meat cattle breeding will give positive results. For this purpose, it is possible to organize large and small farms of various types of ownership in the areas where there are natural meadows and pastures. These farms have a number of cattle breeds suitable for the conditions of Uzbekistan. To increase meat production, it is necessary to organize the work of proper growing of calves, maturing and fattening of the bodies. During the growing period of calves, it is desirable that their daily weight gain is 600-700 grams, and during the period of growing and fattening bodies, it is 800-1000 grams . ¬can be transferred to sht. Transferring fattened bulls and cows to meat after fattening in all farms allows to gain 80-100 kg of additional weight from each head of animal. Today's cattle originated from a species that was widespread in the steppes of ancient Asia and Europe, and was completely destroyed in the 16th century. The species was domesticated in ancient Greece before https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01 https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q= https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query= Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 37 American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation (ISSN – 2771-2753) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 34-40 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) OCLC – 1121105677 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi 7000 BC . As a result of long-term artificial selection, the body structure and behavior of the species have changed. Today there are many breeds of cattle that differ from each other in terms of wool color, productivity, body size, adaptation to local conditions . A cow's baby is called a calf. Adult female calves over one year old are called heifers, heifers that have given birth are called cows, and male cattle are called bulls or oxen. Cows differ from the ancient type in their docility, fertility, variety of wool color, and familiarity with their owner. Cattle are divided into breeds bred for milk, meat and milk-meat according to the nature of their use on the farm. Sersut breeds make up the main part of cattle. Red Steppe, Bushuyev, Black-Ola, and Schwitz cows bred in Uzbekistan give 3,000-6,000 kg of milk per year. Carnivorous breeds are raised mainly for the purpose of producing quality meat ¬. They do not give much milk, but they mature quickly. Shorthorn, Kazakh white, Santa-gertrude, Hereford breeds are bred from cows for meat. The average weight of Shorthorn cows is 650 kg, and that of bulls exceeds 1000 kg. Young bulls gain weight up to 1 kg per day, their weight reaches 450-500 kg at the age of 1.5-2.0 years. Cows raised for milk and meat produce a lot of milk and their meat is of good quality. Swiss Simmental and Russian Kostroma breeds are bred for this purpose. Simmental cows can produce up to 4000 kg of milk per year. The weight of their bulls is 850 kg, and their cows are 550-650 kg. Leather is also taken from cattle. Leather shoes and leather haberdashery are made from their skin. A variety of drugs, glue, soap and other products used in medicine are made from the waste of poultry houses. In some countries in South Asia, bulls are used as work animals for plowing and carting. Increase in the number of livestock in Uzbekistan. (at the beginning of the year, thousand heads) Animals Type Years 1917 1941 1961 1991 2012 Total cattle 1342 1672.3 2231.7 4508.8 9642.0 Including cows 487 621.6 873.9 1856.4 3878.2 Sheep and goats 3821 5792.0 8901.0 9229.6 16187.1 Horses 517 456.8 200.8 105.2 184.6 Birds X 5458.3 7810.3 36025.6 42731.2 Composition and nutritional value of milk of cows of different breeds (information from KV Markova) https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01 https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q= https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query= Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 38 American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation (ISSN – 2771-2753) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 34-40 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) OCLC – 1121105677 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi Breed Milk during 305 days of lactation, kg Milk content, % 100 gram right coming g 1 liter of milk wedding the Kdi fat Whit e tube rcul osis Sugar Dry substances Black 4250 3.62 3.25 4.90 12,18 95.0 2957 Red desert 3386 3.82 3.48 4.66 12.68 91.0 3125 Holstein 6510 3.60 3.25 - - - - Kostroma 4960 3.88 3.56 5.12 13.09 91.6 3251 Jersey 3038 5.87 4.08 4.48 15.40 69.5 4120 Sheep farming is a branch of animal husbandry that deals with raising sheep and goats. Sheep provide valuable raw materials (wool, skin, fur) and food products (meat, milk, fat) for light industry. Gazmol, knitted goods, carpets, skins, clothes from fur, cheese and brinza are made from sheep's wool. There are more than 1 billion sheep in the world. Sheep originated from mouflon and arhar, which were domesticated 8,000 years ago. Their young female is called sovlyk, the male is called a ram, and the newborn is called a lamb. Rams are always horned, and sovliks are hornless or have small horns. Sheep live 14-15 years, reach sexual maturity at 5-7 months. Usually sheep are used for 8-10 years. Depending on the product, sheep are divided into breeds that are bred for wool, leather, leather, meat and fat. Sheep from which wool is obtained, in turn, are divided into soft-wool, semi-soft-wool, and coarse- wool breeds. The wool of soft-wooled sheep consists of a thin and long (8-10 cm) tuft. Elegant gazalami are woven from soft wool (ru no). 10-12 kg of wool is sheared from the merino breed of soft wool sheep in a year. Merino sheep are bred in the North Caucasus, the Volga and the south of Kazakhstan. Coarse-wool sheep's wool consists of wool, tweed and other types of wool. Coarse-wool sheep, in turn, are divided into smooth-skinned, dark-skinned, meat-fat, and meat-wool breeds. The Romanov breed , distributed in the Central Inferior region of Russia and the Urals, gives the best leather. Karakol is the skin of 1-3 day old Karakol lambs. Black skin is more black. There are also blue, brown, brown and other varieties of Karakol sheep. The golden and golden skins of the Karakol skin are very valuable. The original homeland of Karakol sheep is Bukhara. In Uzbekistan, Hisar sheep are raised for meat and fat. The weight of these breeds is 150 kg, the weight of the hips is up to 25 kg. Horse breeding is a branch of animal husbandry that deals with raising and using horses. Horses were https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01 https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q= https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query= Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 39 American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation (ISSN – 2771-2753) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 34-40 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) OCLC – 1121105677 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi domesticated 4,000 years ago, were widespread in the steppes of Europe and Asia, and descended from the tarpan, which became extinct 200 years ago. Since ancient times, people have used horses for carrying goods, riding, plowing, threshing grain, and plowing. Until recently, cavalry was considered the main fighting force in the army. Even now, in remote mountainous areas, horses are used as means of transport and auxiliary labor. Horses are also bred for meat and milk and for sports competitions. In addition, horse milk is used to make curative cream, and its blood is used to make curative serum. A newborn horse is called a mare or kulun, a male is called a stallion, a female is called baytal or biya, a two- year-old horse is called a foal, a three-year-old is called a gonan, and a four-year-old is called a dunon . According to the color of the horse's hair, it is called by the names of torik, straw, ghir blue and others. Compared to other farm animals, they are adapted to run faster and have greater traction. Their upper and lower jaws have a space between the incisors and the molars. Water is transferred from this place. Riders control the horse with the help of a bridle. Horses live 25 sometimes up to 40 years. Conditioned reflexes are formed in them quickly and easily. Therefore, he learns quickly. There are more than 250 breeds of horses in the world. Breeds differ from each other in body structure and specialization in use. Depending on the use, the horse can be saddled (Arabian horse, Akhaltaka and Yovmut horses of Turkmenistan ) , a blanket attached to a cart or sled (Don and Orlov breeds of Russia, Lakai of Tajikistan, Karabayir horses of Uzbekistan), heavy load ( Vladimir, Ardenne, Braband horses) are divided into breeds. Now horse breeding is developing in the direction of breeding, breeding of working horses, productive horse breeding, sport horse breeding. The main task of breeding yearlings is to improve the quality of existing yearling breeds, to breed valuable original and purebred yearling breeds for breeding. The basis of breeding yearlings is stud farms and breeding yearling farms and farms. In Uzbekistan, there are horse factories in Tashkent, Jizzakh and Kashkadarya regions. Breeding of working horses is carried out in yearling commodity farms under breeding farms. Productive breeding consists of meat and dairy breeding. Harvesting in this direction is carried out in mountainous and sub-mountainous regions, in Karakalpakstan. Delicious and high-calorie national traditional dishes (for example, gazi) are made from goat meat, and medicinal qimiz is made from horse milk. The Equestrian Yearling is engaged in breeding fast, hardy horses for teams participating in national equestrian games, international equestrian sports and Olympic competitions. National equestrian games (such as pokkari) prepare the ground for classical equestrian games. In our republic, great attention is paid to horse sports. Currently, there are republican https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01 https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q= https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query= Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 40 American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation (ISSN – 2771-2753) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 34-40 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) OCLC – 1121105677 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi federations of equestrian sports, equestrian sports, and horse racing. REFERENCES 1. Т.Х. Икромов. “Чорвачилик асослари”. Дарслик. Ўқитувчи 1996 йил. 2. Дўсқулов С. ва бошқалар. “Чорва молларини урчитиш” Ўқув қўлланма. 3. Тошкент “Меҳнат” 1993 йил. 4. У.Ш.Балласов, Р.Ҳ.Ҳамрокулов ва бошқалар. “Чорвачиликдан амалий 5. машғулотлар”Ўқув қўлланма. Т. 1999 йил. 6. И.М.Мақсудов, О.Р.Куччиев, У.Ходжаев “Чорвачилик асослари” фанидан 7. амалий машғулотлар ўтказиш учун услубий қўлланма Тошкент 2013 й. 8. Т.Ш.Акмалхонов., С.Ш.Исамухамедов., У.Т.Ходжаев., Б.Ш.Юсупов. 9. “Чорвачиликдан амалий машғулотлар” Ўқув қўлланма. Тошкент - 2009 йил. 10. Marlen Felius, Peter A. Koolmess, Bert Theunissen. On the Breeds of Catttle Historic and Current Classifications 2011 Tutorial 11. Stecen Lesson and J.O.Summers. Broiler Breeder. Production Kanada 2011 Textbook 12. Rosalee Sinn, Paul Rudenberg, Barbara Carter. Raising CGoats for Milk and Meat. 2008 Textbook 13. Writtent by Herman R. Purdy. R. John Dawes and Dr.Robert Hough, Revisions by Don Hutzel. Breds of Cattle. Updated ERevised 2nd edition 2008. Tutorial 14. Н.И. Куликова, В.А. Кузнецов, О.Н. Ерёменко Основы разведения сельскохозяйственных животных и частная зоотехния. практикум Кроснодар 2013 г. 15. Ф.К.Аметзянова, Д.Р.Шарипов, А.Р.Кашаева, С.Ф.Шайнуллин Методика составлелия и Анализ рационов для коров методическое указания дисцилинам по «Кормоприизводство и кормление животных» и «Кормление животных» Казан 2018 г. https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01 https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q= https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query=