Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 8 American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation (ISSN – 2771-2753) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 8-15 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) OCLC – 1121105677 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi ABSTRACT Allergic diseases(AD) are one of the most urgent problems of modern medicine. The prevalence of bronchial asthma in children and adults in the Bukhara region was studied. The primary incidence of bronchial asthma in the age structure of the population was studied according to the coupons of an outpatient patient (form No. 025-12u) for 2015–2019 in 10 age groups (1–5 years, 5–9 years, 10–14, 19, 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60 and older) in the city of Bukhara and twelve districts of the Bukhara region.The study of the distribution of indicators of the incidence of bronchial asthma in the Bukhara region revealed that the areas of risk for this pathology are areas with industrial zones: Karakul, Karulbazar and the city of Kagan. The risk groups for the incidence of bronchial asthma are children under 9 years of age and adults aged 60 years and older. The prevalence of bronchial asthma ranges from 5.5 per 1,000 population in relatively clean areas of residence to 33.5 per 1,000 population in industrialized areas. Thus, the study showed that the highest incidence of general morbidity with bronchial asthma in children and adults is observed in the city of Kagan with the operation of an oil extraction plant, in the Karaulbazar district with an oil refinery and in the Karakul district with a Kandim gas processing plant. An increased risk of primary incidence of bronchial asthma exists for children aged 3 to 9 years and for adults 60 years of age and older. KEYWORDS Bronchial asthma, prevalence, distinctive features. INTRODUCTION Research Article PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ALLERGIC DISEASES Submission Date: April 11, 2024, Accepted Date: April 16, 2024, Published Date: April 21, 2024 Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume04Issue04-02 Babadjanova Z. Kh DSc, dotsent, Bukhara State Medical Institute, Uzbekistan Journal Website: https://theusajournals. com/index.php/ajbspi Copyright: Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the creative commons attributes 4.0 licence. https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01 https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q= https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query= https://theusajournals.com/ https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume04Issue04-02 https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume04Issue04-02 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajbspi https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajbspi https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajbspi https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajbspi Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 9 American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation (ISSN – 2771-2753) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 8-15 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) OCLC – 1121105677 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi Allergic diseases (AD) are one of the most urgent problems of modern medicine. This is due to the high level of their prevalence, the ongoing growth of severe clinical manifestations, which often cause a deterioration in the quality of life, disability, and in some cases deaths among the population [1] The most serious allergic disease is bronchial asthma (BA), which is currently considered as not only a medical but also a social problem [5]. All over the world, including in Uzbekistan, there is a tendency to increase the incidence of bronchial asthma and its more severe course. Epidemiological studies indicate that in different regions of the world bronchial asthma affects from 4 to 8.2% of the population [1,4]. At the same time, in the adult population, the frequency of bronchial asthma varies within 5%, and in the children's population it increases to 5-12% [2]. Introduction: The study of the prevalence and risk factors for the development of the incidence of bronchial asthma in children and adults in the Bukhara region. METHODS A descriptive ecological epidemiological study was carried out. According to the statistical reporting form No. 12 “Information on the number of diseases registered in patients living in the service area of a medical institution”, the primary and general morbidity of the child (0–17 years) and adult (18 years and older) population in the cities and districts of Bukhara regions for 2015–2019. The primary incidence of bronchial asthma in the age structure of the population was studied according to the coupons of an outpatient patient (form No. 025-12u) for 2015–2019 in 10 age groups (1–5 years, 5–9 years, 10–14, 19, 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60 and older) in the city of Bukhara and twelve districts of the Bukhara region. To analyze the emission density of pollutants from stationary sources (solids, To describe the incidence, the average, minimum (min) and maximum (max) values for the corresponding time periods were used. In the spatial analysis, the average annual incidence rate in the whole of Bukhara region was taken as a control level. When studying the incidence in the age structure, the control level was taken as the average long-term incidence of the entire child (0–17 years) and the entire adult (18 years and older) population for each city and district separately. Comparison of the average incidence of bronchial asthma in the territories and in age groups with control levels was carried out using the ratio of indicators. Differences were considered epidemiologically pronounced if the ratio of indicators exceeded the value equal to 1.25. For the reason that, RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS A comparative analysis of the overall incidence of bronchial asthma in the cities and districts of the Bukhara region (Table 1) among the child population revealed an excess of the incidence rate compared to the regional level in the districts Karakul, Alat and Vobkent at 1.3; 1.2 and 1.1 times, respectively. Among https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01 https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q= https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query= Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 10 American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation (ISSN – 2771-2753) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 8-15 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) OCLC – 1121105677 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi the adult population (Table 1), an excess of the overall morbidity rate compared to the regional level was observed in districts Gijduvan and Alat, Vobkent, Karaulbazar, the city of Bukhara at 1.5; 1.4; 1.4; 1.3 and 1.32 times, respectively. In other territories, the overall incidence of bronchial asthma among children and adults did not exceed the average level. General and primary incidence of bronchial asthma in the city and districts of the Bukhara region for 2015–2019 (per 10,000 of the corresponding age group) Table1. Territory Children (0-17 years old) Adults (18 years and older) The average Min Max OP The average Min Max OP General morbidity City of Bukhara 108.2 95.5 120.9 0.76 113.9 105.6 122. 3 1.32 City of Kagan 105.4 88.5 122.3 0.75 123.7 108.6 138. 8 1.08 Bukhara district 112.2 105.5 118.9 0.81 117.1 101.6 132. 6 1.17 Gijduvan district 139.7 120.2 159.3 1.05 156.4 101.5 211. 2 1.48 Kagan district 108.4 98.5 118.3 0.76 89.1 65.6 112. 6 0.86 Peshkunsky district 145.7 112.6 178.9 1.09 118.8 87.9 149. 3 0.92 Vobkent district 127.2 86.2 168.2 1.17 145.2 112.3 178. 2 1.41 https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01 https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q= https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query= Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 11 American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation (ISSN – 2771-2753) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 8-15 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) OCLC – 1121105677 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi Alatsky district 165.6 123.1 208.2 1.22 155.5 115.2 195. 8 1.44 Karakul district 202.4 198.3 233.1 1.39 125.0 107.6 149. 1 1.12 Karaulbazar district 128.7 92.5 165.0 1.08 143.3 108.3 178. 2 1.31 Zhondor district 106.3 84.3 128.2 0.77 120.5 98.3 142. 6 1.09 Shofirkan district 102.4 78.1 126.7 0.74 127.7 102.3 153. 1 1.26 Romitan district 154.1 122.0 186.2 1.06 122.5 105.6 139. 4 1.11 Risk groups for the primary incidence of bronchial asthma in the city and districts of the Bukhara region (average for 2015–2019, per 10,000 of the corresponding age group) Table 2. Age group C it y o f B u k h ar a C it y o f K ag an B u k h ar a d is tr ic t G ij d u v an d is tr ic t K ag an d is tr ic t P es h k u n sk y d is tr ic t V o b k en t d is tr ic t A la ts k y d is tr ic t K ar ak u l d is tr ic t K ar au lb az ar d is tr ic t Z h o n d o r d is tr ic t S h o fi rk an d is tr ic t R o m it an d is tr ic t Child population (0–17 years old) Everyt hing 15.2 13.2 10.1 7.9 12.4 7.3 8.8 13. 2 18.2 14.2 8.5 8.8 9.8 1–4 g 7.8 11.2 9.8 8.8 14.1 7.9 10.2 12. 4 16.7 15.2 10.6 11.7 9.6 https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01 https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q= https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query= Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 12 American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation (ISSN – 2771-2753) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 8-15 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) OCLC – 1121105677 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi 5–9 g 11.6 15.8 12.8 10.1 18.9 9.1 8.6 14. 3 21.5 13.1 9.8 8.8 10.8 10–14 g 12.6 17.3 10.2 11.3 10.6 8.5 12.6 11. 4 18.5 12.1 14.2 16.0 12.8 15–17 g 21.5 10.5 11.2 16.3 12.6 10.9 7.2 19. 8 25.3 28.6 11.0 9.7 13.5 Adult population (18 years and older) Everyt hing 19.2 16.2 14.5 11.3 15.1 16.2 12.5 17. 2 22.6 19.3 9.8 7.8 12.5 18-19 15.9 13.6 8.9 7.5 24.3 9.5 8.8 12. 3 25.5 15.5 12.1 7.9 16.0 20-29 26.2 17.8 12.6 15.3 36.2 14.2 14.4 15. 8 43.4 23.2 13.5 12.5 10.6 30-39 16.8 21.5 18.6 12.0 28.4 13.4 18.5 26. 8 38.9 18.4 9.6 10.1 19.3 40-49 21.5 24.3 10.4 18.8 15.5 22.5 20.3 36. 6 45.6 33.1 16.6 19.3 25.3 50-59 18.2 28.1 10.6 22.3 30.1 13.7 41.2 25. 2 19.2 12.5 10.3 12.1 9.6 60 and over 11.3 13.8 18.3 19.2 12.3 13.4 11.4 13. 1 16.3 26.1 17.6 10.3 16.3 According to researchers, the frequency of clinically diagnosed bronchial asthma in industrial regions based on the ISAAC program at the age of 7-8 years was 3.6±0.7%, at the age of 13-14 years - 9.7±0.8%. The true prevalence of BA among the child population in Chirchik, Almalyk, Angren averaged 6.6%, which is https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01 https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q= https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query= Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 13 American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation (ISSN – 2771-2753) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 8-15 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) OCLC – 1121105677 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi almost 3 times higher than official statistics (average 2.3%) (2). The study of the distribution of indicators of the incidence of bronchial asthma in the Bukhara region revealed that the areas of risk for this pathology are areas with industrial zones: Karakul, Karulbazar and the city of Kagan. The risk groups for the incidence of bronchial asthma are children under 9 years of age and adults aged 60 years and older. The prevalence of bronchial asthma ranges from 5.5 per 1,000 population in relatively clean areas of residence to 33.5 per 1,000 population in industrialized areas. The researchers, having analyzed the case histories of patients with bronchial asthma, found that at the time of admission to the hospital, 72.1% of the inhabitants of the industrial territory of Karakul had 5 or more asthma attacks, while in relatively clean areas (in the control group) - 56% (p < 0 .05). In addition, 21 The conjugated analysis of hygienic indicators characterizing the state of the habitat, and indicators of the health of the population, performed on the territory of the Korakul district, made it possible to assess the contribution of the technogenic load to the formation of environmentally caused diseases. The incidence of bronchial asthma in children was statistically significantly higher in areas with a high level of air pollution (p<0.05). Indeed, the long stay of children in the home, the use of modern finishing materials, heating, humidification and ventilation technologies in residential buildings have changed indoor air quality and increased its impact on the respiratory system. Living in dusty, poorly ventilated, damp rooms, keeping and breeding various animals and birds at home significantly affect the incidence of bronchial asthma. In addition, cigarette smoking, including the passive form, increases the risk of developing and aggravates the course of bronchial asthma. Bronchial asthma can occur at any age. Approximately half of the patients develop the disease in the first 10 years of life, another third - up to 40 years. The results of this study showed that the risk groups for the incidence of bronchial asthma in the districts of the Bukhara region are children in the age groups of 3–4, 5–6 and 7–9 years, which is consistent with the data of a study performed in the Tashkent region, where the highest prevalence of bronchial asthma occurs at the age of 5 up to 9 years [1]. At the same time, the authors note the highest rate of new cases of bronchial asthma among children aged 2 to 4 years in girls and from 1 to 4 years in boys. Apparently, this age is critical for the clinical manifestation of the disease. In this regard, the development of bronchial asthma in children, as an environmentally determined disease, is genetically determined and depends on the genetic characteristics of the organism, which determine the formation of the disease only in hereditarily predisposed individuals. 5-6 and 7-9 years old, which is consistent with the data of a study performed in the Tashkent region, where the highest prevalence of bronchial asthma occurs at the https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01 https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q= https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query= Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 14 American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation (ISSN – 2771-2753) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 8-15 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) OCLC – 1121105677 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi age of 5 to 9 years [1]. At the same time, the authors note the highest rate of new cases of bronchial asthma among children aged 2 to 4 years in girls and from 1 to 4 years in boys. Apparently, this age is critical for the clinical manifestation of the disease. In this regard, the development of bronchial asthma in children, as an environmentally determined disease, is genetically determined and depends on the genetic characteristics of the organism, which determine the formation of the disease only in hereditarily predisposed persons. 5-6 and 7-9 years, which is consistent with the data of a study performed in the Tashkent region, where the highest prevalence of bronchial asthma occurs at the age of 5 to 9 years [1]. At the same time, the authors note the highest rate of new cases of bronchial asthma among children aged 2 to 4 years in girls and from 1 to 4 years in boys. Apparently, this age is critical for the clinical manifestation of the disease. In this regard, the development of bronchial asthma in children, as an environmentally determined disease, is genetically determined and depends on the genetic characteristics of the organism, which determine the formation of the disease only in hereditarily predisposed persons. where the highest prevalence of bronchial asthma falls on the age of 5 to 9 years [1]. At the same time, the authors note the highest rate of new cases of bronchial asthma among children aged 2 to 4 years in girls and from 1 to 4 years in boys. Apparently, this age is critical for the clinical manifestation of the disease. In this regard, the development of bronchial asthma in children, as an environmentally determined disease, is genetically determined and depends on the genetic characteristics of the organism, which determine the formation of the disease only in hereditarily predisposed individuals. where the highest prevalence of bronchial asthma falls on the age of 5 to 9 years [1]. At the same time, the authors note the highest rate of new cases of bronchial asthma among children aged 2 to 4 years in girls and from 1 to 4 years in boys. Apparently, this age is critical for the clinical manifestation of the disease. In this regard, the development of bronchial asthma in children, as an environmentally determined disease, is genetically determined and depends on the genetic characteristics of the organism, which determine the formation of the disease only in hereditarily predisposed persons. this age is critical for the clinical manifestation of the disease. In this regard, the development of bronchial asthma in children, as an environmentally determined disease, is genetically determined and depends on the genetic characteristics of the organism, which determine the formation of the disease only in hereditarily predisposed persons. this age is critical for the clinical manifestation of the disease. In this regard, the development of bronchial asthma in children, as an environmentally determined disease, is genetically determined and depends on the genetic characteristics of the organism, which determine the formation of the disease only in hereditarily predisposed persons. https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01 https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q= https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query= Volume 04 Issue 04-2024 15 American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation (ISSN – 2771-2753) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 04 PAGES: 8-15 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 705) (2023: 6.534) (2024: 7.7) OCLC – 1121105677 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi Comparison of incidence rates in the age structure of the adult population with that of the entire adult population revealed the highest incidence of the disease in the population of 60 years and older (see Table 2). Similar results were obtained in Tashkent, where the highest prevalence of bronchial asthma among the adult population falls on the age group of 60–69 years (1.24–1.26%) [2]. Gerontological features of the incidence of asthma in the literature are poorly reflected and studied, since it is believed that the occurrence of a primary incidence of bronchial asthma in the elderly is a rare phenomenon. In accordance with the models of the development of diseases, it can be assumed that the occurrence of bronchial asthma in the older population occurs according to accumulation or ontogenetic mechanisms. CONCLUSION Thus, the study showed that the highest incidence of general morbidity with bronchial asthma in children and adults is observed in the city of Kagan with the operation of an oil extraction plant, in the Karaulbazar district with an oil refinery and in the Karakul district with a Kandim gas processing plant. An increased risk of primary incidence of bronchial asthma exists for children aged 3 to 9 years and for adults 60 years of age and older. Pollutants, in particular chemical impurities, contained in the emissions of industrial enterprises Karaulbazar and Karakul, being a component of a sufficient cause, contribute to an increase in the frequency of seeking medical help for bronchial asthma. REFERENCES 1. Asher MI, Keil U., Anderson HR et al. International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC): rationale and methods // Europ. Respir. J. - 1995. - Vol. 8. - R. 483-491. 2. Mirrahimova MH, Khalmatova BT Prevalence and risk factors ofbronchial asthma in childrenliving in the industrial zones oftashkent region// Central Asia Journal of Medicine journal.tma.uz. 2018. Issue 4, Article 7. Vol. - R. 67-76. 3. Abelevich M.M., Tarasova A.A., Kolpashchikova I.F. Epidemiology of bronchial asthma in children of the Nizhny Novgorod region // Improving the quality of life in asthma and allergies: Sat. scientific works. - St. Petersburg, 2016. - P. 3. 4. Allakverdieva L.I., Eyyubova A.A., Ismailov T.A., Akhmedova I.A. Influence of environmental environmental factors on the prevalence and course of bronchial asthma in children in Sumgatite // Pulmonology. - 2012. - No. 4. - S. 25. 5. Akhrarov Kh.Kh et al. Trigger factors of atopic dermatitis in preschool children // Ros. magazine leather and veins. Bol. - 2017. - T. 20, No. 6. - S. 347- 351. https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01 https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q= https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query=