Volume 04 Issue 06-2024 45 American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation (ISSN – 2771-2753) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 06 PAGES: 45-53 OCLC – 1121105677 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi ABSTRACT Reducing perinatal morbidity and mortality is one of the main tasks of the maternal and child health care system. Congenital anomalies contribute significantly to these indicators and occupy leading positions in terms of prevalence. According to the World Health Organization, 25% of newborns are born with developmental defects. In light of this data, increasing the efficiency of early medical care and reducing growth and development-related disorders in newborns is crucial. Congenital anomalies of the digestive tract occupy a primary place, corresponding to 21.7%-25%. Currently, perinatal studies of the problem of mother and child with congenital digestive tract anomalies are considered separately, which is significant for perinatal diagnostics, the ability to predict congenital digestive tract anomalies, and determining tactics. This is of great importance for both pediatricians and surgeons. As a first step in Research Article TYPES AND STRUCTURE OF SURGICAL DISEASES IN NEWBORNS ACCORDING TO DATA FROM A REGIONAL CENTER Submission Date: June 14, 2024, Accepted Date: June 19, 2024, Published Date: June 24, 2024 Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume04Issue06-08 Mavlyanov F.Sh. Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand Regional Children's Multidisciplinary Medical Center, Samarkand, Uzbekistan Azizov M.K. Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand Regional Children's Multidisciplinary Medical Center, Samarkand, Uzbekistan Tursunov S.E. Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand Regional Children's Multidisciplinary Medical Center, Samarkand, Uzbekistan Mavlyanov Sh.K. Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand Regional Children's Multidisciplinary Medical Center, Samarkand, Uzbekistan Journal Website: https://theusajournals. com/index.php/ajbspi Copyright: Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the creative commons attributes 4.0 licence. https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01 https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q= https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query= https://theusajournals.com/ https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume04Issue06-08 https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume04Issue06-08 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajbspi https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajbspi https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajbspi https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajbspi Volume 04 Issue 06-2024 46 American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation (ISSN – 2771-2753) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 06 PAGES: 45-53 OCLC – 1121105677 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi creating a system for assessing and improving medical services provided to the younger generation, it is important to optimize medical care for newborns with surgical diseases. KEYWORDS Perinatal studies, indicators and occupy leading positions, determining tactics. INTRODUCTION To study the types and frequency of nosological forms of surgical diseases in newborns that required surgical treatment within the first day of life. METHODS The material for the study was a retrospective analysis of official data from annual reports of the heads of neonatology and newborn surgery departments of the Samarkand Regional Children's Multidisciplinary Medical Center for the period from 2017 to 2022. The study was multi-stage. The program and methodology of the study are presented in Table 1. Table 1. Program and Methodology of the Study Stages Work Content Observation Objects and Research Methods Information Sources and Observation Volume I Study of the morbidity level of surgical pathology among newborns hospitalized Neonatology and neonatal surgery patients Official data from annual reports (2017-2022) II Clinical and statistical characteristics of gastrointestinal surgical diseases in hospitalized newborns Neonatal surgery and neonatology ICU patients Retrospective and prospective controlled study of diagnosis and treatment results (2017-2022) https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01 https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q= https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query= Volume 04 Issue 06-2024 47 American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation (ISSN – 2771-2753) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 06 PAGES: 45-53 OCLC – 1121105677 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi The level of surgical pathology among newborns was analyzed at the first stage of the study using hospitalization data. During the second stage of the analysis, the results of diagnosis and treatment were examined. As a result, the clinical-statistical characteristics of congenital gastrointestinal surgical diseases in 335 children, which led to hospitalization, were identified. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Based on the statistical data registry from annual reports (2017-2022), 14,994 newborns were hospitalized at the Samarkand Regional Children's Multidisciplinary Medical Center, with 2,012 infants having surgical pathology (Table 2). Table 2: Number of Newborns with Surgical Diseases (2017-2022) Hospitalization Period Number of the children Other Pathologies Urogenital System Pathology Total 2017 2281(91,6%) 209 (8.4%) 2490 (100%) 2018 2288 (87.5%) 326 (12.5%) 2614 (100%) 2019 2129 (82.9%) 438 (17.1%) 2567 (100%) 2020 1703 (81.7%) 380 (18.3%) 2083 (100%) 2021 2026 (77.7%) 580 (22.3%) 2606 (100%) 2022 2346 (89.1%) 288 (10.9%) 2634 (100%) Total 12982 (86.6%) 2012 (13.4%) 14994 (100%) It is evident that the actual incidence of surgical diseases might be significantly higher than the registered statistical data. The increase in the level of medical care and the rise in morbidity are not only due to an increase in the number of diseases among newborns but also due to the improvement in the quality of medical care provided. The study showed that surgical pathology among infants and young children (up to 1 year old) averaged 13.4%. As the studies indicated, congenital intestinal obstruction ranked first in the structure of morbidity based on hospitalization data (42.1%), followed by https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01 https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q= https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query= Volume 04 Issue 06-2024 48 American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation (ISSN – 2771-2753) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 06 PAGES: 45-53 OCLC – 1121105677 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi anorectal malformations (21.5%). A significant number of newborns had anterior abdominal wall defects and necrotizing enterocolitis, accounting for 11.9% and 10%, respectively (Table 3). Table 3: Nosological Forms of Gastrointestinal Surgical Diseases in Newborns Final Diagnosis Number of Infants Jejunal Atresia 8 Ileal Atresia 42 Small Bowel Atresia, Necrosis, Perforation, Peritonitis 5 Cecal Atresia 1 Small Bowel Membrane 3 Duodenal Atresia 4 Aberrant Duodenal Vessel 1 Duodenal Membrane 10 Ladd's Syndrome 25 Annular Pancreas 18 Meconium Ileus 3 Embryonic Adhesions of the Duodenum 6 Hirschsprung's Disease, Acute Form 16 Necrotizing Enterocolitis 34 Lower ARM (Anorectal Malformation) 40 Upper ARM 31 Esophageal Atresia 25 Congenital Pyloric Stenosis 23 Gastroschisis 8 https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01 https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q= https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query= Volume 04 Issue 06-2024 49 American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation (ISSN – 2771-2753) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 06 PAGES: 45-53 OCLC – 1121105677 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi Omphalocele 32 Total 335 Among the infants, there were 217 boys and 118 girls. As shown in the table below (Table 4), the number of patients from rural areas significantly exceeded those from urban areas. The majority of children (79.1%) had a normal body weight at the time of hospitalization. By gestational age at birth, there were 251 full-term infants, 59 preterm, and 22 post-term newborns. Table 4: General Characteristics of Patients Gender Total Boys 217 (64.8%) 335 (100%) Girls 118 (35.2%) Address City 9 335 (100%) Village 326 Weight at Admission Normal 265 (79.1%) 335 (100%) Low 68 (20.3%) Very Low 2 (0.6%) Gestational Age Full-term 251 335 (100%) The study of the routing of newborns with surgical diseases found that the vast majority of patients (76.4%) were rehospitalized from the maternity hospital. Within the first 48 hours of birth, 194 infants were hospitalized. 141 patients were hospitalized more than 48 hours after birth. 83.6% of the children underwent surgery within 24 hours of admission (Table 5). https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01 https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q= https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query= Volume 04 Issue 06-2024 50 American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation (ISSN – 2771-2753) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 06 PAGES: 45-53 OCLC – 1121105677 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi Table 5 Routing of Hospitalized Newborns Pathways to Hospitalization Number of Patients Percentage Rehospitalization from Maternity Ward 256 76.4% From Home 79 23.6% Total 335 100% Time from Birth to Hospitalization Number of Patients Percentage Within 48 Hours 194 57.9% More than 48 Hours 141 42.1% Total 335 100% Time from Hospitalization to Surgery Number of Patients Percentage Within 24 Hours 280 83.6% More than 24 Hours 55 16.4% Total 335 100% Surgical treatment was performed on 333 newborns. Surgery was not conducted on 2 patients due to parental refusal of the proposed treatment. Surgical intervention was performed on 194 newborns within 48 hours from birth. The remaining infants underwent surgery more than 48 hours after birth. From the time of admission to surgery, 83.6% of the patients were operated on within 24 hours, and 55 newborns were operated on later. The following surgical procedures were performed on the 333 newborns (Table 6). Table 6 Types of Operations Performed on Newborns with Congenital Intestinal Obstruction https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01 https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q= https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query= Volume 04 Issue 06-2024 51 American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation (ISSN – 2771-2753) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 06 PAGES: 45-53 OCLC – 1121105677 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi Operation Name Number of Patients Abdominal Drainage 13 Membrane Resection of the Duodenum, Naso-Intestinal Intubation 7 Membrane Resection of the Small Intestine 3 Partial Resection of the Small Intestine, T-shaped Ileal-Ileal Anastomosis 19 Duodeno-Duodenal Anastomosis, Naso-Intestinal Intubation 26 Ladd's Operation 25 Partial Resection of the Small Intestine, Ileal-Ascendostomy Anastomosis 1 Embryonic Adhesions of the Duodenum, Naso-Intestinal Intubation 6 Laparotomy, Jejuno-Jejunal Anastomosis, Naso-Intestinal Intubation 3 Laparotomy, Colostomy 7 Perineal proctoplasty 42 Left-sided Maydl colostomy 42 Laparotomy, cecal resection, ileostomy 1 Partial resection of small intestine, ileostomy 42 Esophago-esophagostomy 25 Laparotomy, pyloromyotomy 23 Gastroschisis repair 7 https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue03-01 https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q= https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query= Volume 04 Issue 06-2024 52 American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation (ISSN – 2771-2753) VOLUME 04 ISSUE 06 PAGES: 45-53 OCLC – 1121105677 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi Omphalocele repair 32 Laparotomy, gastric perforation closure 5 Laparotomy, small intestine perforation closure, appendicostomy 2 Laparotomy, cecostomy 1 Resection of embryonic adhesions in the abdominal cavity 1 Total 333 Naso-intestinal intubation 45 Ileostomies 45 Colostomies 50 T-shaped anastomoses 20 CONCLUSIONS Based on the conducted research, surgical diseases among pathological conditions in newborns constitute 13.4%. In our view, this frequency represents a significant medical and social issue that requires increased attention from the medical system at all levels. A clear classification and detailed study of the epidemiological features of these pathologies in different regions and population groups are essential steps in optimizing medical care, developing effective preventive measures, and rationally allocating healthcare resources. Only a comprehensive approach that considers the epidemiological, clinical, and social aspects of this problem will achieve significant progress in the field of neonatal surgery. The established increase in the incidence of surgical diseases in newborns necessitates the justification of modern, cost-effective approaches to organizing medical care, treatment methods, and rehabilitation of patients. 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