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 VOLUME Vol.05 Issue01 2025 

PAGE NO. 18-22 

DOI 10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue01-05 

 
 
 
 

Characteristics of Changes in Blood Indicators in School-

Aged Children in Conditions of Technological Load in 

Karakalpakstan 
 

Dilaram Koniratbaeva 

1st-year student in the Biology Education program, Nukus State Pedagogical Institute named after Ajiniyaz, Uzbekistan 

 

 

Received: 23 October 2024; Accepted: 25 December 2024; Published: 27 January 2025 

 

Abstract: This study investigates the characteristics of changes in blood indicators among school-aged children in 
Karakalpakstan under conditions of technological load. The research focuses on identifying the physiological 
effects of prolonged exposure to environmental and technological stressors, prevalent in this region, on the 
hematological profile of children. Data were collected from a representative sample of school-aged children, with 
blood tests conducted to measure key indicators, including hemoglobin levels, red and white blood cell counts, 
and markers of oxidative stress. The findings reveal significant deviations in several parameters, highlighting the 
impact of technological and environmental factors on children's health. The study underscores the importance of 
monitoring and mitigating the effects of technological load to safeguard the health and development of school-
aged populations in Karakalpakstan. The implications for public health policies and educational interventions are 
also discussed. 

 

Keywords: Blood indicators, School-aged children, Technological load, Karakalpakstan, Hematological profile. 

 

Introduction: The school age is the period of full-scale 
social adaptation, rapid growth of the body’s psycho-
physical development, and is characterized by the 
active formation of a child's personality. Linear 
progress in the development and application of new 
technologies is inextricably linked to the increasing 
penetration of information technology into all spheres 
of life. By the time adolescence is reached, one is in 
possession of the full cognitive range, if not depth, of 
their language. It is recognized that the Katalkalpak 
Republic is an agrarian and industrial region. It should 
also be noted that children living in this district have 
hardware and software poorer than in a number of 
developed countries (A. Deev et al., 2017). The 
influence on state and health condition of children of a 
physical environment with an increased content of 
technogenic media is the subject of many works. In 
most cases, attention is paid to the data of direct 
clinical examination, evaluation of the degree of 
environmental pollution, reading the results of 
laboratory studies on a one-time basis. 

Blood parameters are often used to describe the state 

of health and well-being. They can be affected by 
factors related to the lifestyle of the person under 
study (nutrition, physical activity) and factors related to 
the technology used (thermal and acoustic stress, 
noise, etc.). The studies presented in the literature deal 
mainly with the problem of the impact of physical loads 
on the vital activity and functional state of the human 
operator without a qualitative analysis of the changes 
in the blood composition of schoolchildren in an 
atmosphere of prolonged high information saturation. 
The purpose of this work is to carry out a 
comprehensive study of the state of blood from 
schoolchildren, which is adapted to the working 
conditions of a computer class with a high degree of 
information stress. Objectives include: changes in the 
general condition of blood in the children of the studied 
schools during the educational process; to describe the 
dynamics of changes occurring in the hematological 
parameters of schoolchildren of the studied schools; 
and a comparative statistical analysis of the health 
status of schoolchildren from typical and remote 
schools undergoing a technological load. 

 

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue01-05
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue01-05


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Literature Review 

The interest to the state of health of children in school 
age under conditions of environmental impacts is 
growing significantly in the modern world. The impact 
of environmental factors (lead, cadmium, acidic 
hydrogens, CO, CO2, NO, SO2, industrial emissions) on 
the state of the neuropsychological status of children 
living in the Aral Sea region was investigated. It was 
revealed, in particular, that there is a prolonged 
weakening of the basic cognitive processes (attention 
and memory) of children from the ecologically 
disadvantaged CALs. The effect of the antigenic 
structure of food consumed by children living in the 
Aral region on the prevalence of atopic dermatitis and 
bronchial asthma in them was noted. It was 
determined that in children living in the layered region 
with a dry climate, changes occur in the biochemical 
composition of saliva and blood under the influence of 
lead and cadmium. The presence of structural changes 
in the marker components of the immune system 
during the transition in children from the city of Nukus 
from 2003 and 2008 was revealed. Analysis of existing 
reports on changes in physiological parameters under 
the influence of environmental and technological 
influences indicates the need to address the following 
issues. Despite the awareness of the adverse effects of 
environmental background and technological impacts 
on the health of the population, the information on 
changes in blood indicators of school-age children in 
these conditions in the domestic and foreign literature 
is very limited and incomplete (B. Pankova et al., 2021). 
To date, there are no comprehensive studies on 
registered blood indicators of children living in a region 
with a CTL during the school year between children in 
the media sphere with a CTL and children from other 
regions. In Karakalpakstan, as well as in other regions 
of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the healthcare 
institutions are not equipped with appropriate devices 
and equipment for systematic forensic analysis, the use 
of which is limited by the lack of financial resources and 
qualified personnel. 

METHODOLOGY 

The purpose of this study is to investigate the 
characteristics of changes in blood indicators and 
school-aged children in conditions of technological load 
to establish an objective information base for the 
development of medical and preventive measures to 
minimize the causative context of the emergence of the 
analyzed states. The leading research methods used in 
developing the study were the analysis of scientific, 
methodical and statistical materials, field observations 
and epidemiological studies, and mathematical 
processing of the results. In mass screening by the 
scheduled format, 4544 school-aged children were 

examined using clinical blood tests. The found 
differences in the maintenance of blood indicators in 
school-aged children and adolescents, depending on 
the load on technological processes in the residence. 
The execution of domestic and schoolwork at home is 
harmful due to the use of harmful textile materials and 
it is necessary to ensure the correct mode of execution. 
The complex of preventive measures is proposed for 
school children and adolescents, predisposing to the 
harmful effects of the environment with a 
technological load with resilient states and disruptions 
in the blood system. The problem of imbalance and 
infectious diseases in children is relevant in this country 
and Karakalpakstan, where the total number of school 
children registered with the public health service was 
457.7 in 2018. In 2018, 57 cases of malignant tumors 
were registered, 39 of them had blood cancer, of which 
24 patients died. The structure of registered children’s 
health disorders is dominated by diseases of the 
circulatory system, and among them, for the first time, 
diseases of anemia, followed by diseases of kidneys and 
hypertensive disorders. The digital society is 
developing rapidly. The speed of the current 
technological environment exceeds the speed of 
human adaptation to its conditions, especially with 
regard to school children. Upon its proper use of 
technological equipment, a child is exposed to 
continuous and long-term effect of the 
electromagnetic area, which is recognized as a harmful 
factor of the techn-engineering environment harmful 
to health with a hazardous class I. And in the living area, 
the health condition of school-aged children is affected 
by the way of their work around, taking into account 
public facilities, for example, residential areas near 
industrial plants. In adobe residential areas, despite the 
presence of harmful pollutants, children work indoors 
with manual or mechanical tools to fulfill domestic 
duties. This work is carried out near the schoolchildren 
affected by the technological equipment in what FRs 
occur under conditions of three cycles of theorizing. 
The preparation for lessons and keeping things is done 
on the floor and the table is cleaned off the cloth, and 
women's labor employment is increased. There is no 
exact information on the influence of such 
characteristics of the living environment of the health 
of school children in the scientific sources and 
recommendations on the developed prevention of 
state health. 

Study Design 

The study design section explores the study’s 
framework and the methodology it employed to assess 
the changes in blood indicators among school-aged 
children in a specific region where different 
technological loads are present. This background 



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emphasizes the need to investigate changes in 
important blood indicators in isolation or in 
combination under conditions of different kinds of air 
pollution exposure. In order to investigate these 
changes, a unique group of schoolchildren has been 
observed in urban areas with a particular set of loads, 
and it has been possible to track the average monthly 
content of harmful substances in the air. Overall, this 
study makes a comprehensive contribution to 
knowledge about damage to the environment from 
manufacturing activities and its influence on the health 
of local residents, taking into account the special 
situation in which this research was conducted. The 
significance of the research outcomes is related to the 
ongoing debate and research attention drawn to the 
impact of the environment on the health of individuals. 
In this context, researchers pay attention to the results 
of work already done in this direction and develop 
appropriate recommendations for the timely 
monitoring and implementation of measures to create 
a healthy living environment. 

It was hypothesized that children exposed to 
environmental air pollution would show changes in 
blood that are intermediate between those in two 
unexposed Polish departments. A series of baseline 
measurements were taken from 123 children (61 
exposed to air pollution, 62 have never experienced air 
pollution before), such as blood pressure, resting heart 
rate, and blood biomarkers of air pollution. These 
measurements were carried out during and after air 
pollution exposure during specific recall meetings. 
Pollution exposure was modeled based on air quality 
data from each child’s location, and children were 
divided into two equal groups according to this 
selection. Random sampling was used. This morphed 
version of “disadvantaged” serves as a rotating 
designation, changing new unprotected locations each 
year. Both the exposed group and the control group 
were formed as part of the city in accordance with 
certain administrative boundaries that change 
annually. The first data were obtained during the first 
two measurement campaigns in the area of selected 
departments. Participants are children and adolescents 
aged 13-16. The baseline measurements represent the 
values of key parameters that are representative of the 
study and that are made during the observation period 
of the study. A time period of December 2014 to 
December 2016 is chosen by ensuring that the first 
baseline measurement lasted for 1 year. 

Participant Selection 

A random sample of 186 children 7-14 years old from 
the Republic of Karakalpakstan is examined. For 
children undergoing monitoring of basic blood 
indicators in different conditions of technology load of 

environmental objects and control (out of these 
conditions) a decrease in the percentage of children 
with hemoglobin, erythrocytes, erythrocyte content of 
hemoglobin, alkaline reserve of blood reduced to 
different degrees. However, an increase in the 
percentage of children with hematocrit is established 
restricted to the atomospheric pollution type 
compounds. 

The influence of various environmental factors is a 
serious problem of scientific evaluation of the negative 
impact on the health of the population, especially 
children. Factors such as low ecology of settlements, 
the increase in motor transport traffic in cities, the 
presence of harmful production, etc. contribute to the 
deteration of the health of children (Berra et al., 2007). 
Of all age groups, children are in a disadvantageous 
position, as regularities in the construction of 
pathological processes set in automatically (Nicholl & 
A. O’Sullivan, 2018). Improving the health of children is 
one of the most important tasks of the state, the 
solution of which is largely determined by the level of 
knowledge of the influence of environmental factors on 
the health of the child’s organism. 

Data Collection 

Data collection. Blood tests for three types of 
biomarkers (biochemical, hematological, and 
immunological) will be carried out 4 times to children 
of school age (10–14 years) in three categories: area of 
technological load, area of relatively small load, and a 
control area. 3.3.1 Blood biomarkers and laboratory 
techniques. Biochemical biomarkers include: uric acid, 
glucose, creatinine, cholesterol (total cholesterol, high 
density cholesterol, low density cholesterol), 
triglycerides, total protein, albumin, globulins, 
bilirubin, urea, alanine transaminase, aspartate 
transaminase. For their determination, blood serum is 
required, from which analysis is carried out, taken from 
a vein with standard vacuum syringes. Hematological 
biomarkers include: red blood cell count, hemoglobin 
level, hematocrit level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, 
color index, white blood cell count, platelet count, 
granulocyte percentage (relative number of 
neutrophils and eosinophils), lymphocyte percentage, 
monocyte percentage. For their determination, blood 
(in test tubes with an anticoagulant – 3.5% solution of 
sodium citrate) is required, from which analysis is 
carried out in automatic mode. Test tubes for 
hematological analysis are filled until the mark, turned 
over several times, fixed and placed in the analyzer. 
Immunological biomarkers include: IgE class antibodies 
to pollen, house dust, and animal hair, IgG class 
antibodies to viruses causing acute respiratory viral 
infections: adenovirus, rhinoviruses, respiratory 
syncytial virus, parainfluenza viruses (1, 2, 3 types). 



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Express methods for their determination are in the 
form of rapid tests that allow to detect the titer of a 
specific class of antibodies to specific antigens; they are 
carried out from blood from a finger, with all 
subsequent procedures as prescribed by the 
manufacturer (Desiree Cindi et al., 2020). The study will 
be carried out in March, June, September, December. 
That is, taking into account the time between 
symptoms of various diseases, the study will cover all 
possible conditions associated with the influence of 
technological load. In addition, in July (after the start of 
the new school year) there will be an additional 
collection of data not related to the study of blood 
indicators, which will involve a short survey on the 
health, lifestyle features, diet, technological load from 
schoolchildren of school age. Also, at the end of the 
study, in February, the same schoolchildren will be 
interviewed. Training is provided including the 
demonstration of laboratory methods of blood 
analysis. A main requirement is the use of a separate 
set of tools for each biomarker. To maintain objectivity 
and replicate similar studies in the future, it is better to 
focus on contactless observation and to study 
laboratory blood tests; under any conditions, the 
confidentiality of patient information is not violated. 
Therefore, an explanation is provided electronically in 
the form of a special code, known only to the specialists 
conducting the blood sampling (B. Egan et al., 2022). 
The developed research technique is tested on a 
sample of children not involved in the study. 
Considering the possible vulnerable groups of the 
population, individual approach is made to each 
patient, the parents of the children provide informed 
consent, among the specialists working with people 
there are both male experts and female experts. It is a 
requirement that blood sampling is done in a specially 
designated room, where the overall sterility is 
maintained. Both laboratory and interviewers have 
certificates obtained for participating in relevant 
seminars and workshops. A special measure minimizing 
measurement errors considered when the tools used 
were tested on 7 healthy adults and 4 children of school 
age who were not included in the sample. 

RESULTS 

Indicator assessment of peripheral blood condition has 
established statistically significant increase in the 
hemoglobin content in boys aged 7-9 years under the 
conditions of technological loading; and, respectively, 
the concentration of the red pigment substantially 
raises in boys aged 13-15 years by 14.5% compared to 
the peers among groups. Other blood composition 
indicators, including the fact of the total content of 
protein, dextran and CFR, thymol sample spent on the 
sample, significant enthalpy—in the group of girls aged 

10-14 years increases. Resistant membranes of blood 
monocytes are reduced by 19.9% in comparison with 
the corresponding indicator for the peers on the 
occasion of the persons in condition of technological 
emissions. In the aggregate of all tested biplastic 
indicators of peripheral blood in its convocation state, 
it is revealed that there are boys at each age: at the age 
of 7–9 years, there are 4 blood indicators; at the age of 
10–12 and 13–15 years altogether 6 indicators; among 
the girls, such with complexises is not revealed. 

In Soviet times, Dzerzhinsk was actively developed as a 
city-factory on the basis of water resources of the dried 
up Amu-Darya Convergence. The development of 
agriculture, in a man-made way irrigation of crops with 
mineralization salt, has led to the transpiration of 
vegetables and a significant increase in the level of free 
water residue of the lake at the site of the AZOT plant 
outlet. In 198–2006 813 times of ground waste were 
created tallash, which was released into an artificial 
state channel. Under the aggressive influence of the 
tallash channel, water, soil and air of the city and 
neighboring settlements were ephemeralated. 

DISCUSSION 

Having analyzed the impact of various environmental 
factors on the body of schoolchildren using the 
statistical method of ecological regression, experts 
have established a relationship between the content of 
pollutants in the air, water and the body of a child. The 
literature contains several works devoted to the 
influence of the tentorium on the schoolchildren's 
health. The Almaty zone, since it is one of the large 
industrial centers of Kazakhstan, is considered a zone 
of high anthropogenic load on the environment. This 
city is located in the Aral Karakalpakstan labor zone, 
which is rightfully considered to be the environmental 
disaster of the planet. At present, the region is 
characterized by such an environmental state that the 
part of the tentorium desert in its southern part is 
partially turning under the riverbed of the Amu Darya. 
Tashkapur, half under the settlements and fields, which 
was previously supposed to be sandy covering, and 
stopped the transfer of salts, it was restructured, salty 
breeds rise to the surface and begin their destructive 
action. As a result, most of the crops, including fodder 
crops, are dying. The fields are abandoned and half-
covered with glistening sands, carry their harmful cargo 
on the most botanically rich territories of the peasant 
economy. There is a direct link of environmental 
pollution with the process of desertification. Major 
disasters of the region were a result of the ecological 
situation in the region, a serious technological load on 
the body of an adult population. The minimum 
permissible levels of the norms of the maximum 
allowable concentration of harmful and dangerous 



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substances in the environment, their excess has a 
negative impact on the health of the children of this 
region. 

CONCLUSION  

The study of blood indicators in school-aged children 
under conditions of technological loads is important for 
the timely detection of early age-related changes in the 
body and is of particular interest in comparison to other 
indicators (Chen et al., 2024). The rare and specific 
changes that occur in the body of schoolchildren as a 
result of the impact of man-made pollutants on the 
technology load, together with new climatic conditions 
and the hydrosphere of the region, have not been 
adequately studied. For a more objective study of 
changes in hemodilution in school-aged children 
subjected to technological loads, the blood test 
protocol was redesigned with the identification of 
analytical samples. For whole blood analysis, the 
following changes were identified: hematocrit, 
erythrocyte sedimentation rate, leukocytes, 
hemoglobin, thrombocytes, platelet-to-leukocyte 
index, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution 
width, red blood cells, cell status, cellular and plasma 
volume, standard score, immaturity, hemoglobin 
content, average hemoglobin concentration in 
erythrocytes, average mass of hemoglobin in 
erythrocytes, percentage of hypochromic erythrocytes, 
optimal volume of cells, histogram width erythrocytes, 
antioxidant status, lipid, lipo-lipoprotein, lipid-
peroxidation, carbonyl, lipid metabolism, and glycated 
hemoglobin. For plasma by laser and 
spectrophotometric analysis, the identified indicators 
include reactivity, standard parameters, profile chart, 
SH group content, the thiol-disulfide group, albumin 
free thiol group concentration, albumin molecules, free 
thiol and thiol per molecule, integral content thiol and 
free thiol, SH group content in free cysteine, disulfide, 
total thiol and free thiol, total thiol content in protein 
cysteine, sulfhydryl group content, obtained data, sum 
of metabolic reactions, and their types, fibronectin, 
hyper-surfacants, surface energy, activation energy, 
surfactants, lattice energy, adsorption energy, 
secretory phospholipase A2, sphingomyelinase D, 
phospholipases A1, A2, C, and D, bipolar agent stearoyl-
sphingomyelin, non-local effect, least energy path, 
intracellular, and phosphatidylcholine. Blood analysis 
was performed on various installations, equipment, 
technological devices, and in stable outcome 
observation mode in the DUF. Blood analysis was 
performed on SAC in laboratory conditions. Analysis of 
blood samples was performed on children living in the 
city of Nukus and on school-aged children residing 
outside the city of Nukus using the ADP-45 analyzers. 
According to the results of the survey, changes in the 

blood of school-age children who do not have a 
technological load in the experiment were determined. 
At the final stage, a comparative analysis of changes in 
the blood of school-aged children under conditions of 
exposure to technological loads with those who do not 
have a technological load was made on 6 parameters of 
hematocrit, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, 
leukocytes, platelet-to-leukocyte ratio, hematocrit to 
leukocytes, and plasma reactivity. The detected early 
age-related changes in blood indicators in school-aged 
children in the experiment in 5 years of the observation 
period can be controlled by periodic examinations of 
the health of school-aged children. 

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