American Journal of Business Management, Economics and Banking ISSN (E): 2832-8078 Volume 16, | Sep., 2023 P a g e | 181 www.americanjournal.org THE INFLUENCE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY USAGE ON THE EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND ITS IMPACT ON INVESTMENT DECISIONS: A SURVEY STUDY Ali T.M. Kadawi University of Sfax/Tunisia alitalall522@gmail.com Khamoussi Halioui University of Sfax Higher School of Commerce, Tunisia khamoussi.halioui@gmail.com A B S T R A C K E Y W O R D S The study aimed, on its theoretical side, to explain the impact of using information technology with its various multiple techniques on the efficiency and effectiveness of accounting information systems and how it reflects on investment decisions. This was achieved through reviewing the most important previous studies related to the research topic. Additionally, the study reviewed the significant technological innovations resulting from the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Regarding the practical aspect of the study, a questionnaire was formulated, consisting of two main axes, each containing five questions. The study's sample consisted of academic professionals working in the faculties of management and economics at Iraqi universities, specializing in accounting and finance. The study's results revealed positive and statistically significant differences in the use of information technology techniques on the efficiency and effectiveness of accounting information systems, with a positive impact on improving investment decision-making. Accounting Information System, Information Technology, Investment Decision Introduction In the dynamic landscape of contemporary business and finance, the synergy between Information Technology (IT) and Accounting Information Systems (AIS) plays a pivotal role in shaping the efficiency and effectiveness of financial reporting and disclosure mechanisms (Al-Okaily et al., 2020). This study embarks on an exploration of this symbiotic relationship, with a specific focus on its ramifications for investment decisions (Inv. Dec.). Through a comprehensive survey study, we aim to American Journal of Business Management, Economics and Banking Volume 16 Sep, 2023 P a g e | 182 www.americanjournal.org unravel the intricacies of how IT usage influences AIS and, subsequently, the decisions made by investors. The proliferation of IT solutions and digital innovations has ushered in a new era for AIS. Traditional manual processes have given way to automated systems, data analytics, and real-time reporting capabilities (Djanegara et al., 2018). While these advancements hold the promise of enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of AIS, they also present challenges related to data security, system reliability, and adaptation to evolving technological landscapes (Thabit, 2019). As organizations increasingly rely on AIS-generated financial information, it becomes crucial to understand how these transformations affect Inv. Dec. (Abernathy et al., 2020). This study aims to investigate the influence of IT usage on the efficiency and effectiveness of AIS by assessing the extent to which IT adoption impacts the efficiency of financial data processing within AIS, examining the role of IT in enhancing the effectiveness of AIS in terms of data accuracy, timeliness, and relevance, and analyzing how IT-induced improvements in AIS influence Inv. Dec. made by various stakeholders. In an era where data-driven decision-making is paramount, our findings may offer valuable insights for organizations seeking to optimize their AIS and harness the power of IT for more informed investment strategies. Ultimately, this study contributes to the broader discourse on the intersection of technology, accounting, and finance in the contemporary business landscape. 1. Literature Review and Hypotheses Development: 1.1 IT Techniques: Information Technology (IT) is an omnipresent force that has revolutionized the way we live, work, and interact with the world (Dos Santos et al., 1993). In an era marked by unprecedented technological advancements, IT has emerged as the driving force behind innovation and progress (Van Niekerk and Rudman, 2019), (Thabit, 2021). IT encompasses a vast and dynamic field that involves the use of computers, software, networks, and digital systems to acquire, store, process, and transmit information (Zhu and Liu, 2023). It empowers individuals, organizations, and societies to harness the power of data and knowledge for a multitude of purposes, ranging from communication and decision-making to entertainment and scientific exploration (Khorashadi et al., 2017). The evolution of IT is characterized by exponential growth and rapid innovation. Each decade has witnessed groundbreaking developments, from the birth of the internet in the 1960s to the proliferation of smartphones, artificial intelligence, and cloud computing in recent years (Janvrin and Wang, 2019). These advancements have not only expanded the capabilities of IT but have also led to its integration into virtually every aspect of our daily lives. IT has left an indelible mark on society, the economy, and culture. In the business world, IT has streamlined operations, enhanced productivity, and facilitated global commerce through e-commerce platforms (Thabit et al., 2021). It has transformed healthcare with electronic medical records and telemedicine, revolutionized education with online learning, and reshaped entertainment with streaming services (Jarah et al., 2023). Furthermore, IT has spurred innovation across various industries, from autonomous vehicles to renewable energy solutions (Wu et al., 2019). It has opened new frontiers in scientific research, enabled efficient data analysis, and accelerated the pace of discovery (Janvrin and Wang, 2019), (Thabit et al., 2020). The fusion of IT with artificial intelligence and machine learning promises even greater possibilities, from self-learning algorithms to personalized medicine. American Journal of Business Management, Economics and Banking Volume 16 Sep, 2023 P a g e | 183 www.americanjournal.org Due to the intertwining of IT with every aspect of life, it was necessary for the field of accounting, with all its systems, to adapt to the developments that emerged in the business environment as a result of adopting Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies (I4), represented by Metaverse technology. This has produced a range of modern and new technologies that have directly impacted AIS. The most important of these technologies, as indicated by many researches, can be presented as follows in Table 1. Table 1: The Most Common IT Techniques IT Technique Application in AIS References Internet of Things (IoT) It involves physical components embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data and information with other devices and systems over the Internet (Faccia and Petratos, 2021) (Ionescu, 2019) Block chain It is an advanced database technology that serves as an open ledger allowing for transparent sharing of information within a business network (Fullana and Ruiz, 2021) (ALSaqa et al., 2019) (Sarwar et al., 2021) (Inghirami, 2019) Robots It is an automated software application that performs repetitive tasks on a network, following specific instructions to mimic human behavior but in a faster and more accurate manner than humans (Tsoraya et al., 2023) (Pebrina et al., 2022) (Vasarhelyi, 2013) Cryptocurrencies They are currencies whose value is determined by the principles of supply and demand and are conceptually similar to commodities like gold (Yen and Wang, 2021) (Cazazian, 2022) (Paulsson and Brady, 2022) (Mosteanu and Faccia, 2020) Cloud Computing It's a modern and crucial technology that allows renting infrastructure services and storing data and applications on servers or data centers (Moudud-Ul-Huq et al., 2020) (Brandas et al., 2015) (Shkurti and Muça, 2014) (Schmidt and Gal, 2020) Big Data Analysis It involves the use of advanced analytical techniques to analyze and understand large and diverse datasets, including structured, unstructured, and semi-structured data. (Huerta and Jensen, 2017),. (Bhimani and Willcocks, 2014) (Gartner and Hiebl, 2017), (Vasarhelyi et al., 2015) Data Mining Techniques It is a technique that involves computer-assisted analysis for processing and exploring a large dataset using data mining tools and methods, enabling units to discover hidden patterns and relationships in the data (Rodger, 2003) (Chahadah et al., 2018) (Xiao et al., 2010) (Musa et al., 2019) Digital Assets It encompasses digital documents, audio content, moving images, and other digital data that is currently in circulation or will be stored on digital devices such as personal computers, laptops, media players, data storage devices, and communication devices (De Haes et al., 2016) (Vasarhelyi and Greenstein, 2003) (Farhan and Kawther, 2023) Chat GPT Website This website is one of the modern online platforms used for answering various text-based questions and automating many tasks, such as composing email messages and obtaining information in the fields of accounting and auditing. (Wood et al., 2023) (Al-Ghatrifi et al., 2023) (Eulerich et al., 2023) From Table 1, we can see that each type of technology produced by the IT revolution mentioned above has directly or indirectly impacted AIS. Ultimately, this impact will focus on improving the efficiency and effectiveness of AIS, which is the foundation for providing accounting information disclosed American Journal of Business Management, Economics and Banking Volume 16 Sep, 2023 P a g e | 184 www.americanjournal.org through financial statements and reports to both internal and external users. This improvement will reflect on enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of their Inv. Dec. 1.2 Efficiency and Effectiveness of AIS: Accounting Information Systems (AIS) play a pivotal role in modern organizations, serving as the backbone of financial management and decision-making processes. The efficiency and effectiveness of AIS are critical factors that can significantly influence an organization's success. This literature review explores various aspects of AIS efficiency and effectiveness, highlighting key concepts, factors, and the impact of technological advancements. 1.2.1 Efficiency in AIS: Efficiency in AIS refers to the ability of the system to process financial transactions and generate financial reports accurately, quickly, and with minimal resource consumption. Several factors contribute to AIS efficiency (Djanegara et al., 2018), (Zhu and Liu, 2023), (Jarah et al., 2023): − Automation: Automation of routine accounting tasks, such as data entry and reconciliation, reduces the likelihood of errors, speeds up processes, and saves time and resources. − Data Integration: Efficient AIS should seamlessly integrate data from various sources within an organization, minimizing duplication and ensuring data consistency. − Scalability: Scalable AIS systems can adapt to an organization's changing needs without a significant increase in costs or resource allocation. − User-Friendly Interfaces: User-friendly interfaces and intuitive design enhance the efficiency of AIS by reducing the learning curve for users and improving data input accuracy. 1.2.2 Effectiveness in AIS: Effectiveness in AIS refers to the system's ability to provide timely, relevant, and accurate information to support decision-making. Key factors contributing to AIS effectiveness include (Al-Okaily et al., 2020), (Fullana and Ruiz, 2021), (Inghirami, 2019): − Data Accuracy: Accurate data is fundamental for effective decision-making. AIS must maintain data integrity to ensure the information generated is reliable. − Timeliness: AIS should provide real-time or near-real-time access to financial information, allowing organizations to respond quickly to changing circumstances. − Customization: Effective AIS systems allow for the customization of financial reports and dashboards to meet the unique needs of users and decision-makers. − Security: Ensuring the security of financial data is crucial for maintaining the trust of stakeholders and protecting sensitive information from unauthorized access. 1.3 IT and AIS IT has revolutionized the way businesses process, store, and analyze financial data. Traditional manual accounting processes have been replaced by sophisticated AIS that incorporate IT components such as databases, software applications, and hardware infrastructure. These systems are designed to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of financial data management (Thabit and Jasim, 2019), (Musa et al., 2019). 1.3.1 Enhanced Efficiency The utilization of IT in AIS streamlines routine accounting tasks such as data entry, ledger maintenance, and reconciliation. Automation reduces the risk of errors inherent in manual processes, leading to American Journal of Business Management, Economics and Banking Volume 16 Sep, 2023 P a g e | 185 www.americanjournal.org improved efficiency. Additionally, IT enables real-time data processing, allowing organizations to access up-to-date financial information, thereby expediting decision-making processes. 1.3.2 Improved Accuracy Accuracy is paramount in accounting, and IT plays a crucial role in achieving this. Through features like data validation and automatic calculations, IT minimizes the chances of human error in financial reporting. Moreover, IT-based AIS can cross-verify data, enhancing data accuracy and integrity. 1.4 AIS and Inv. Dec. AIS plays a crucial role in providing the financial information necessary for investors to make informed decisions about allocating their capital. some researchers mentioned to key ways in which the efficiency and effectiveness of AIS influence Inv. Dec. (Abernathy et al., 2020), (Alawaqleh and Al-Sohaimat, 2017): 1.4.1 Timely Access to Information: − Efficiency: An efficient AIS processes financial data quickly and provides investors with up-to-date information. Timely access to financial reports and data is essential for investors to assess a company's current financial health and performance. Delayed or outdated information can lead to suboptimal Inv. Dec. − Effectiveness: An effective AIS ensures that financial data is accurate and reliable. Investors can trust the information they receive, which is crucial for making informed Inv. Dec. Accurate data allows investors to assess a company's financial position accurately, leading to more confident investment choices. 1.4.2 Data Accuracy and Integrity: − Efficiency: An efficient AIS reduces the likelihood of errors in financial data processing. Automation and streamlined processes minimize the risk of human error, which can lead to incorrect financial reporting. Reliable financial data is essential for investors to evaluate a company's financial health and make Inv. Dec. − Effectiveness: An effective AIS not only maintains data accuracy but also ensures data integrity. Data integrity means that financial data is protected from unauthorized changes or tampering. Investors can have confidence that the financial information they rely on for Inv. Dec. has not been compromised. 1.4.3 Advanced Analysis and Insights: − Efficiency: An efficient AIS can process large volumes of data quickly, allowing for more in-depth analysis. Investors can use advanced analytics to identify trends, patterns, and anomalies in financial data. This deeper analysis provides valuable insights into a company's financial performance and growth prospects. − Effectiveness: An effective AIS is capable of generating comprehensive financial reports and conducting complex data analysis. These reports provide investors with a holistic view of a company's financial health, including key performance indicators, profitability ratios, and liquidity ratios. Such insights are critical for making well-informed Inv. Dec. American Journal of Business Management, Economics and Banking Volume 16 Sep, 2023 P a g e | 186 www.americanjournal.org 1.4.4 Transparency and Compliance: − Efficiency: An efficient AIS can help organizations streamline compliance processes, reducing the administrative burden associated with regulatory requirements. This can lead to cost savings for the company, potentially benefiting investors indirectly through improved financial performance. − Effectiveness: An effective AIS ensures that the company complies with accounting standards and regulations. Compliance enhances transparency in financial reporting, making it easier for investors to assess a company's adherence to industry standards. Transparent financial reporting builds trust and confidence among investors. Generally, the efficiency and effectiveness of AIS have a direct impact on Inv. Dec. An efficient AIS provides timely access to accurate financial data, while an effective AIS ensures data integrity and offers advanced analysis capabilities. These attributes collectively enable investors to assess a company's financial health, make informed investment choices, and manage risk effectively. Companies with well-designed and well-operated AIS are more likely to attract and retain investors, which can have a positive impact on their access to capital and overall growth. H1: There is a statistically significant impact of using IT on Inv. Dec via enhancing the efficiency of AIS. H2: There is a statistically significant impact of using IT on Inv. Dec via enhancing the effectiveness of AIS. 2. The Research Framework: Figure 1 show the research framework, illustrating the proposed relationships between the variables. Information Technology (IT), the Independent variable (INDV), can directly affect Investment Decisions (Inv. Dec.), the dependent variable (DV). Moreover, IT (INDV) can also indirectly impact Inv. Dec. (IV) through efficiency and effectiveness of AIS Figure 1: The Study Framework (Modified by adding H1 and H2) 3. Methodology: In order to evaluate the proposed hypotheses, it is essential to collect data from real-world scenarios. This study employs a quantitative approach, and the data were collected from academics specialized in the fields of accounting and finance working in the faculties and higher schools of management and economics at Iraqi universities. In total, (42) electronic forms were distributed, and (37) valid forms suitable for statistical analysis were collected. The researchers used the statistical software package (SPSSv26) to analyze the responses and obtain the results. The data collection phase extended over 30 Information Technology (IT) Efficiency of AIS Investment Decisions (Inv. Dec.) Effectiveness of AIS H1 H2 H1 H2 American Journal of Business Management, Economics and Banking Volume 16 Sep, 2023 P a g e | 187 www.americanjournal.org days, for June 2023. The questionnaire employed a "5-point Likert scale" to facilitate respondent comprehension. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to test the reliability and consistency of the questionnaire, and the results were high, indicating that the alpha values for all the questions were greater than (0.5). This means that the consistency in responses was high, demonstrating the validity of the questionnaire items, as shown in Table 2: Table 2: The reliability coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) Hypothesis The Context of Hypothesis No. of Paragraphs Cronbach's alpha H1 There is a statistically significant impact of using IT on Inv. Dec via enhancing the efficiency of AIS 5 0.756 H2 There is a statistically significant impact of using IT on Inv. Dec via enhancing the effectiveness of AIS 5 0.944 Total 10 0.890 4. Results: 4.1 Demographic Profile Table 3 shows the demographic picture of the research sample with regard to the four characteristics (educational qualification, scientific title, academic specialization, years of experience) and the proportions of each variable in the sample. Table 3: The Demographic Profile Variable Sources of Variation Frequency Percentages (%) Educational Qualification Doctorate 9 24 Master's degree 26 70 Postgraduate Diploma 2 6 Educational Title Professor 5 14 Asst. Professor 8 22 Lecturer 15 40 Asst. Lecturer 9 24 Academic Discipline Accounting 23 62 Finance 14 38 Years of Service Less than 10 years 5 13 10-20 years 15 41 21-30 years 10 27 More than 30 years 7 19 American Journal of Business Management, Economics and Banking Volume 16 Sep, 2023 P a g e | 188 www.americanjournal.org Hypothesis Testing and Analysis 5.2.1. Test of Hypothesis 1: There is a statistically significant effect of using IT on the efficiency of AIS, which positively impacts Inv. Dec. By measuring the opinions of the study's sample groups regarding the first hypothesis questions, the following becomes evident: Table 4: Analysis of Study Sample Responses Regarding the First Hypothesis No Paragraphs The arithmeti c mean Stander deviatio n Agree and strongly agree Neutra l Do not agree Strongly Disagree 1 The input devices produced by IT contribute to covering all the data prepared for processing 3.97 0.99 30 4 3 2 IT software is characterized by a high level of flexibility in conducting operational processes and updates, which benefits Inv. Dec. makers 4.16 1.08 36 1 0 3 Networks and communications contribute to providing and updating information outputs accurately and quickly for Inv. Dec. makers 4.03 1.01 30 5 2 4 IT has led to the immediate feedback imposed on the elements of AIS, contributing to the instant detection of errors 4.35 1.16 37 0 0 5 IT contributes to achieving accuracy in accounting measurement processes due to the rarity of errors in the outputs 4.24 1.12 34 2 1 overall average 4.15 1.07 It can be observed from Table (4) that the degree of agreement with the statements of the first hypothesis all came with an 'agree' response, indicating that most of the statements have a statistically positive significance from the perspective of the study sample. The overall arithmetic mean for the first hypothesis as a whole was (4.15), with a standard deviation of (1.07). Therefore, the first hypothesis will be accepted as is. It is worth noting that the fourth question ranked first with the highest acceptance rate (100%) with an average score of (4.35) and a standard deviation of (1.16). To check if there are significant differences between the respondent’s perceptions with regard to the first hypothesis, we used the ANOVA test for the five items crossed with the four profile characteristics. Table 5 below shows the following results. American Journal of Business Management, Economics and Banking Volume 16 Sep, 2023 P a g e | 189 www.americanjournal.org Table 5 : Analysis of variance for personal variables regarding the first hypothesis Variable Sources of Variation Sum of Squares Degrees of Freedom Mean Squares F- Value Sig. Significance Educational Qualification Among categories 8211.216 2 4105.608 5.940 0.003 There are significant differences among the academic qualification categories in favor of the Ph.D. Within categories 264020.955 34 691.154 All 272232.171 36 - Educational Title Among categories 7196.124 3 2398.708 3.448 0.017 There are significant differences among academic title categories in favor of the title prof. Within categories 265036.047 33 695.633 All 272232.171 36 - Academic Discipline Among categories 12594.272 4 3148.568 4.437 0.002 There are significant differences among scientific specialization categories in favor of the accounting specialization Within categories 269637.900 32 709.573 All 272232.171 36 - Years of Service Among categories 4291.773 3 1430.591 2.034 0.109 There are no significant differences among the categories of years of service Within categories 267940.399 33 703.256 All 272232.171 36 - The results of table (5) indicate, through the level of significance, that there are statistically significant differences in the answers of the research sample with regard to the first hypothesis, according to the three first demographic variables: academic qualification (PhD); academic title (professor); and the scientific specialization (accounting). However, there are no statistically significant differences in the years of service, as the value of (Sig) is (0.109), which is greater than the level of significance (0.05). 5.2.2. Test of Hypothesis 2: There is a statistically significant impact of using IT in its various forms on the effectiveness of AIS and this has a positive effect on Inv. Dec. Table 6 : Analysis of Study Sample Responses Regarding the Second Hypothesis No. Paragraphs The arithmetic mean Stander deviation Agree and strongly agree Neutral Do not agree Strongly Disagree 1 IT, in its various technologies, has influenced the appropriateness of accounting information and has reflected positively on the decision-making orientations of Inv. Dec. makers 4.08 1.04 30 5 2 2 IT has influenced the property of accurate representation of economic events in accounting information, and this has had a positive impact on the Inv. Dec. making orientations 4.32 1.15 35 1 1 3 IT has influenced the property of predictive value of accounting information, and this has reflected positively on assisting Inv. Dec. makers in predicting future events 4.22 1.10 34 2 1 American Journal of Business Management, Economics and Banking Volume 16 Sep, 2023 P a g e | 190 www.americanjournal.org 4 IT has influenced the property of comparability of accounting information with previous and subsequent events, and this has reflected positively on improving Inv. Dec. 3.97 0.99 31 3 3 5 IT has influenced the property of timely information in accounting and has resulted in not withholding any information from Inv. Dec. makers. 4.38 1.17 37 0 0 overall average 4.19 1.09 Table (6) shows that the degree of agreement with the statements of the second hypothesis all came with an 'agree' response, indicating that most of the statements have a statistically positive significance from the perspective of the study sample. The overall arithmetic mean for the second hypothesis as a whole was (4.19), with a standard deviation of (1.09). Therefore, the second hypothesis will be accepted as is. It is worth noting that the fifth question ranked first with the highest acceptance rate (100%) with an average score of (4.38) and a standard deviation of (1.17). To check if there are significant differences between the respondent’s perceptions with regard to the second hypothesis, we used the ANOVA test for the five items crossed with the four profile characteristics. Table 7 below show the following results. Table 7 : Analysis of variance for personal variables with respect to the second hypothesis Variable Sources of Variation Sum of Squares Degrees of Freedom Mean Squares F- Value Sig. Significance Educational Qualification Among categories 2273.714 2 1136.859 5.102 0.007 There are significant differences among the academic qualification categories in favor of the Ph.D. Within categories 85116.425 34 222.819 All 87390.141 36 - Educational Title Among categories 1487.561 3 495.854 2.199 0.088 There are no significant differences between the scientific title categories Within categories 85902.580 33 225.466 All 87390.140 36 - Academic Discipline Among categories 3811.412 4 952.853 4.173 0.003 There are significant differences between the academic qualification categories in favor of accounting Within categories 86778.730 32 228.365 All 87390.140 36 - Years of Service Among categories 1688.556 3 562.852 2.502 0.059 There are no significant differences between the categories of years of service Within categories 85701.584 33 224.939 All 87390.140 36 - American Journal of Business Management, Economics and Banking Volume 16 Sep, 2023 P a g e | 191 www.americanjournal.org It is noted from Table (7) that the results indicate, through the level of significance, that there are statistically significant differences in the answers of the sample members regarding the second hypothesis according to the first and the third demographic variables (educational qualification (PhD) and academic discipline (accounting) ) where the value of (sig) was respectively (0.007) and (0.003), Whereas, there are no statistically significant differences with regard to the second and the fourth demographic variables (educational title and years of services) where the values of (sig) are respectively (0.088) and (0.053), both of which are greater than the level of Significance (0.05). Conclusions and Recommendations: 4.2 Conclusions: Based on the descriptive and analytical aspects of the study, the researchers have arrived at the following conclusions: 1. The use of IT in its various forms has positively impacted the efficiency and effectiveness of AIS by increasing speed, storage capacity, accuracy, and reducing costs and staff requirements. 2. The use of IT has affected the elements of AIS, resulting in high accuracy and suitability of accounting information, an increase in the number of beneficiaries, and a positive impact on the orientations and decisions of investors. 3. The use of IT techniques in the development of AIS enables decision-makers to access accounting information from anywhere and at any time. 4. The arithmetic mean for both hypotheses was high according to the responses of the surveyed sample. This indicates the acceptance of both hypotheses related to the study. Specifically: a) There is a statistically significant impact of using IT in its various forms on the efficiency of AIS, and this reflects positively on Inv. Dec. This hypothesis had an overall arithmetic mean of (4.15) with a standard deviation of (1.07). b) There is a statistically significant impact of using IT in its various forms on the effectiveness of AIS, and this reflects positively on Inv. Dec. This hypothesis had an overall arithmetic mean of (4.19) with a standard deviation of (1.09). 5. The results of the variance test (Anova test) showed that there were statistically significant differences in the answers of the study sample members regarding the first hypothesis according to the variable of academic qualification, doctorate, academic title of professor, and academic specialization in accounting, where the value (and Sig) of these variables was less than the level of significance (0.05). 6. The results of the (Anova test) showed that there were statistically significant differences in the answers of the study sample members regarding the second hypothesis according to the variable of academic qualification, doctorate, and academic specialization in accounting, as the value reached (Sig) and these two variables were less than the level of significance (0.05). 4.3 Recommendations: 1. It is imperative for economic entities to leverage various IT techniques to support the efficiency and effectiveness of their AIS, benefiting Inv. Dec. makers through the following: a) Utilizing cloud computing technology in digital storage operations. American Journal of Business Management, Economics and Banking Volume 16 Sep, 2023 P a g e | 192 www.americanjournal.org b) Harnessing block chain technology for transparent information exchange as it provides an open ledger. c) Employing big data analytics technology for analyzing and understanding vast and large datasets. d) Utilizing robotics technology to perform accounting tasks faster and more accurately than humans. e) Leveraging data mining technology for processing large datasets and discovering hidden relationships in data. f) Utilizing the capabilities of AI-driven platforms like GPT-3 for obtaining diverse and real-time answers to text-based questions related to accounting domains. 2. It is essential to continue conducting research and studies by researchers in the accounting field in light of the advancements occurring in the field of IT and introducing new variables that have not been addressed in existing research and studies to serve the accounting profession. 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