American Journal of Business Management, Economics and Banking ISSN (E): 2832-8078 Volume 9, | Feb., 2023 P a g e | 115 www.americanjournal.org ANALYSIS AND SOLUTIONS OF THE GENDER FACTOR IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE MODERN UZBEK URBAN ECOSYSTEM Khaydarova Khilola Khislatovna Basic PhD Student of the Department of Sociology of the National University of Uzbekistan Е-mail: hilolahaydarova@mail.ru A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S The article describes the gender relations characteristic of the Uzbek society. The importance of paying special attention to the problems of managing urban ecosystems and a gender approach in their solution is also emphasized. As part of the topic, gender relations in the households of Uzbeks were analysed, as well as the impact of gender relations on the urban ecosystem. In addition, the article examines and analyses the views of scientists on gender approaches. gender, management, city, urban ecosystem, own territory, foreign territory. INTRODUCTION Social factors are very important in the management of the urban ecosystem, as are gender factors. In the daily life of the city, women and men have different views, different experiences, different lifestyles and different physical strengths. This is especially true for Uzbek families living in the city. However, it should be noted that the opinion and work of both are very important in managing the urban ecosystem. The urban ecosystem provides a range of services to the urban population, including provision, regulation, cultural services, and ancillary services [1:60]. Women and men use urban ecosystem services differently. For example, not many men use the kitchen in the house, so its convenience is of little interest to him. But they are more concerned about where to fill their car. The main reason we use this as an example is that the convenience of the urban ecosystem is perceived differently by women and men. Therefore, women and men are interested in the problems of the urban ecosystem in different ways. For example, uneven city roads, the inconvenience of a playground under high-rise buildings, the absence of trees that provide shade on hot days, the absence of a vodka shop or beauty salon near the residence, and other similar problems. Different perceptions of problems testify to the importance of a gender approach in the management of the urban ecosystem. METHODOLOGY & EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS The gender approach to the management of the urban ecosystem makes it possible to ensure the preservation of the state of the urban ecosystem, the formation of its structure and the formation of gender roles in the processes that take place in it. The inhabitants of the city satisfy all their natural and social needs with their labours on the way to a good and happy life. mailto:hilolahaydarova@mail.ru American Journal of Business Management, Economics and Banking Volume 9 Feb., 2023 P a g e | 116 www.americanjournal.org However, gender differences also make meeting these needs difficult for some genders. For example, there are professions where it is difficult for women to work. Most urban women are involved in housework and child rearing, as well as government work. However, there are women who do not work in the government, prefer to stay at home, or women who are prohibited from working. Particular attention is paid to the profession of a woman in Uzbek farms. Because women are obedient to their husbands, they can only work if their husbands want to. This is due to the fact that men do not consider the profession worthy of their wives, that some women are not physically fit or the distance between the office and home, and others cannot work because their working day drags on late and they are afraid of human gossip. Of course, religion also plays a big role in this. The state of the urban ecosystem can be favourable for one sex and unfavourable for the other. The main reason for this is the diversity of city streets, the presence of different flora, different fauna, a diverse service system, in some cases the presence of different people, and so on. Therefore, both sexes form the concept of "my territory" and "foreign territory". In many cases, “my territory” becomes the house, territory, place of work of a person. For Uzbek women, the house is the area that considers itself the safest, and Uzbek men consider the house a place of rest. But those of them who have been abused and cannot find love at home think the opposite. Places that are little or not visited at all are called "foreign territories". It is the "foreign zone" in the urban ecosystem that women cannot consider safe for themselves. The urban ecosystem must be accessible to all segments of the population. However, in some public places, by its design, it is less safe for women than for men [2:16]. RESULTS The gender perspective also manifests itself in social factors such as health, behaviour and interaction in the urban ecosystem. For example, if we look only at health, we see that the number and causes of death for women and men are often different. Say, in 2021, 79,599 women and 94,942 men died in Uzbekistan [3]. The mortality rate of Uzbek women, as well as Russian women, is lower than male mortality [4:46]. Of these, the largest number of deaths among women was in Tashkent (9323), and among men - in Samarkand (10624) [3]. Causes of death and age differ between the sexes. For example, unfavourable trends in female mortality have been identified in women in the age group of 35-44 years [4:50]. The causes of death of the sexes are various diseases, for example, heart disease, cancer, diabetes, stroke, poisoning, various viral diseases and various accidents. And in some cases, the second sex is the cause that causes the disease. For example, women are more likely to experience violence from members of the opposite sex. The violence of a woman who gives birth to people who are an important element of the urban ecosystem will also have an impact on the next generation, which will ensure the future of the urban ecosystem. According to some studies, there is also a gender difference in the stress of city dwellers. For example, scientists argue that the first cause of stress in women is family problems, and the second is problems at work. Problems in the city's ecosystem can lead to further stress. In men, on the contrary, first of all, problems at work cause stress, followed by problems in city life, problems in the family [5:13]. The main reason we are considering this issue is that people under stress cannot have a positive impact on the urban ecosystem. This may lead to other problems in the urban ecosystem. The issue of health in an urban ecosystem depends not only on the urban population, but also on other systemic elements present in the ecosystem. The ecosystem of the city, together with the urban American Journal of Business Management, Economics and Banking Volume 9 Feb., 2023 P a g e | 117 www.americanjournal.org population, has its own nature, flora, fauna, architecture and zones. When managing the urban ecosystem, it is important to apply a gender approach and take into account the attitude of all genders to the nature of the city. We must not forget that reform is for the individual. If the reform is carried out, but the townspeople are indifferent to it, then this will be a one-sided approach and will be ineffective. Of course, there is a lot of research being done on this. One such study caught our attention. Respondents were asked how often they take care of nature. Of course, there were gender differences in the responses of the respondents. Judging by these answers, women are more likely to worry about their nature (49%), and men sometimes (43%). However, regardless of age and gender, in everyday life there are people who prefer to treat it indifferently (7.7% of men and 4.1% of women), causing damage to the urban ecosystem [6:29]. However, this is not a positive situation, either religiously or secularly. To solve some problems in the urban ecosystem, both sexes have to protect nature. Another element of the urban ecosystem is its architecture. Architecture in the urban ecosystem can be divided into two structures: modern and ancient. In the architecture of almost all cities there are both ancient and modern buildings. In particular, the Republic of Uzbekistan also has such cities as Samarkand, Khiva and Bukhara, which combine historical and modern architecture. As of March 28, 2022, the population of Uzbekistan is 35,435,302 people. 17607802 of them are women. In terms of the permanent population of Uzbekistan, the largest number of women is in the Samarkand region [3]. As a historical city, Samarkand is rich in various monuments. Women and men together contribute to the enrichment of the ecosystem of Samarkand. Although women do not do as much manual labour as men, their mental labour and ideas play an important role in enriching the urban ecosystem. Enriching the urban ecosystem without losing its historicity is very important in management. CONCLUSIONS When we talk about the management of the urban ecosystem, we must take into account not only open areas, places that are visible to everyone, but also closed areas. For example, if an apartment in the city is littered from the inside, this also affects the urban ecosystem and the urban atmosphere. The maintenance and disposal of garbage in a simple family is also of great importance in society. But not all genders take it seriously, and this has been confirmed in some studies. When asked about the distribution of waste and garbage in the family, representatives of both sexes answered in the negative (45.1% of men and 39.2% of women). Only 7% of men and 8.2% of women answered in the affirmative [6:29]. In conclusion, the urban ecosystem must serve the well-being of all genders. However, all genders must come together and put an end to the problems of the urban ecosystem, ensuring social consolidation. 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