American Journal of Business Management, Economics and Banking ISSN (E): 2832-8078 Volume 11, | April, 2023 P a g e | 64 www.americanjournal.org DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN UZBEKISTAN (1991-2023) Doston Oblokulov O‘Ktamovich Bukhdu Historical And Original Study Department Master's Student A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S This article discusses the stages of tourism development in Uzbekistan. It is mentioned that tourism is a developed sector. tourism, historical and cultural monuments, infrastructure, state, modernization. Introduction There are many historical monuments and cities that are worthy of praise in our country. No tourist will regret visiting these places. Our tourist destinations have their own nationality. Our nationality and historical and cultural monuments are also very famous in other countries and certainly have their place. In particular, in April 2021, a presentation of Uzbekistan's pilgrimage tourism potential was held in Dagestan. On the instructions of Deputy Prime Minister, Chairman of the State Tourism Development Committee, Aziz Abduhakimov, promotional activities in the direction of "Travel to the Land of Imams" have started in Dagestan. When we talk about the tourism potential of our country, we are reminded of the historical monuments that stand tall in front of our eyes, our historical cities that have a national and modern color. Uzbekistan is proud of its ancestral architectural monuments that have survived to this day. The Ichan-Qala complex in Khiva, historical centers in Bukhara, Shahrisabz and Samarkand cities are included in the special list of UNESCO's "World Heritage". Unique monuments and architectural structures in these cities reflect the past and play a major role in the history of the country. Among our historical and cultural cities, famous all over the world and attracting the attention of tourists, there is no mistake if we include such cultural centers as Tashkent, Samarkand, Khiva, Termiz, Karakalpakstan, Bukhara. In these settlements, our national traditions, historical monuments, traditions and customs that have been indelible since time immemorial, national atlases and addresses, which have become famous all over the world, cannot fail to attract people with their uniqueness. Our country has a great potential for the development of international tourism. Twenty years ago, no one knew Uzbekistan as a promising tourism area. If we look at the development history of each country, it is definitely related to tourism. Each country provides its tourism sector with sufficient needs to introduce its country to the whole world. Every country that invests in its development will occupy the highest level among developed countries in the coming years. We should introduce the legacy of our ancestors to the whole world. Today, the government is doing great work in the areas of modernization of the tourism sector, improvement of transport and hotel infrastructure in the state, and improvement of the regulatory and legal framework in tourism. American Journal of Business Management, Economics and Banking Volume 11 April, 2023 P a g e | 65 www.americanjournal.org After the country gained independence, the development of tourism became a priority issue with the direct initiatives of the First President, and it is still implementing its future plans. The development of tourism in the Republic of Uzbekistan is divided into five stages: The first stage. This stage includes the year 1992. This stage is characterized by the initial formation of national tourism in our republic. At this stage, the national company "Uzbekturizm", considered the leader in tourism infrastructure, was founded. The second stage. This stage includes the years 1993-1995. In this, the national development model of tourism was developed. At this stage, the volume of providing tourist services increased. Germany will open its first representative offices in countries such as Great Britain, USA, United Arab Emirates and Russia. The third stage includes the period of 1995-1997. In this, the process of privatization in the field of tourist services began. At the beginning of 1996, about 90% of the total amount of tourist objects in the system of the national company "Uzbekturizm" was taken out of state control. The fourth stage includes the year 1998. At this stage, opportunities were created to increase the export potential, to ensure a stable flow of foreign currency and tourist investments. Reshaping of the service infrastructure, in particular, the border, customs and airport services that welcome tourists from abroad has begun. The fifth stage includes the period from 1999 to the present. At this stage, the position of tourism consultant was introduced in the diplomatic missions of Uzbekistan in foreign countries. Speaking about the development of tourism infrastructure in Uzbekistan, it is important to dwell on the division of the country into main tourism regions. Today, there are four main tourist regions in the Republic, they are Fergana, Samarkand-Bukhara, Tashkent and Khorezm tourism regions. Fergana tourism region includes Fergana valley. Its tourist resources consist of archeological excavations and architectural monuments, favorable natural conditions, products of traditional folk crafts and art, industrial and agrarian complexes. The existence of a wide network of roads and railways here also provides an opportunity to use the Fergana region for tourism purposes, to place tourism bases and recreation centers in its entire territory. Tashkent tourism region has universal opportunities for the development of all types of tourism in the future. Cultural monuments in this tourism region, today's life of the capital region, constructions, new cities and villages, modern culture, nature of the region, rich landscape, colorful flora and fauna are important factors that make it attractive. The network of automobiles and railways connects tourism centers in the region of Tashkent tourism with each other and allows the development of railway and automobile tourism around the city. Samarkand-Bukhara tourism region includes Samarkand, Bukhara and Navoi regions. The world-famous architectural monuments of Samarkand and Bukhara are the basis for the development of tourism in this region. In addition, the railway and wide network of highways passing through the Zarafshan river, low passes and good roads passing through the Zarafshan mountain range are very favorable factors for the development of tourism in the region. In the future, the development of existing opportunities in these regions may lead to further expansion of the market of tourism services in our country. In the economic literature, issues related to historical and cultural tourism have been studied by a number of scientists and defined in different ways. Richard Greg, a Dutch researcher, defines historical-cultural tourism as "people going to cultural, interesting places far from their usual place of residence in order to gather new information and experience to satisfy their cultural needs." American Journal of Business Management, Economics and Banking Volume 11 April, 2023 P a g e | 66 www.americanjournal.org Russian expert Y.V. Kolotova defines tourism as "the potential of the socio-cultural environment, which includes all the possibilities of the country, connected with the traditions and customs, the characteristics of the household." Scientists and researchers of our country I. Tokhliyev, R. Amriddinova, Sh. The scientific works of Roziyev, O. Khamidov, N. Ibadullayeva, F. Aziztoyeva, B. Mamatov and others have covered many issues related to the theoretical and practical aspects of the development of tourism, but some issues related to the development of historical and cultural tourism have not been sufficiently studied. therefore, some problems remain relevant even today. In particular, N. Tokhliyev: "Tourism is one of the types of active recreation in French. "Tourism is defined as the departure of an individual from the place of permanent residence for a period of 1 year without engaging in paid activities at the destination for health, educational, professional or other purposes." Researcher Sh. Roziyev explained the indicative management methodology that realizes the mutual integration of the concepts, methods and subjects of tourism activity created in the improvement of the organizational-economic mechanism of historical-cultural tourism. Now, if we talk about the history and periods of development of tourism, the history of tourism goes back to the beginning of the 19th century. First, organized tourism was established from England to France (1815). The English priest Thomas Cook, considered the founder of tourism, organized the first railway tourism in 1843. After that, he created his own private tourism enterprise and in 1866 the first tour groups were sent to the USA. In conclusion, the development of the tourism sector in Uzbekistan is organized on a very large scale. References 1. A.F.Saidov “Turizm –tinchlik va farovonlik timsoli. 2. SH.R.Fayziyeva .”O`zbekistonda turizm rivojlanishining iqtisodiy mexanizmini takomillashtirish “.Nomzodlik dissertatsiyasi.Toshkent .2006. 3. Международный туризм сократился в 2020 году до уровня 1990 год. 4. Erkayeva Barno Abdurahimovna “ O’ZBEKISTONDA TARIXIY-MADANIY TURIZMNI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING IJTIMOIY-IQTISODIY JIHATLARI ”. 5. Richards . G. “Cultural tourism in Europe. CABI, Wallingford. (1996) [1,c.45] [5 6. Колотова Е. В. Рекреационное ресурсоведение: Учеб. Пособие.- M.:PMATC. 7. Ro’ziyev Sh. “ O’zbekistonda tarixiy- madaniy turizmni rivojlantirishning tashkiliy- iqtisodiy mexanizmini indikativ boshqarish metodikasi”.