American Journal of Business Management, Economics and Banking ISSN (E): 2832-8078 Volume 11, | April, 2023 P a g e | 110 www.americanjournal.org WAYS TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION 1. Narinbayeva Gulnora Karimovna, 2. Zhalilov Shokhjakhon Kholbozor Ogli, 3. Nurmukhammadov Islombek Oybek Ogli E-mail: shoxjahon.jalilov@mail.ru, Tel: +998942919339 1.Independent researcher, Tashkent State Agrarian University, Uzbekistan, 2 Independent researcher, Tashkent State Agrarian University, Uzbekistan 3 Independent researcher, Tashkent State Agrarian University, Uzbekistan A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S The article discusses ways to improve the efficiency of agricultural production. In Uzbekistan, horticulture is one of the leading branches of agriculture and occupies a special place in providing the population with food. Introduction Uzbekistan has significant agricultural potential. The agrarian reform carried out in the country had a serious impact on the development of the industry: a diversified agriculture was formed, the sectoral structure was transformed, the size and forms of state support for agricultural producers changed. Thanks to the ongoing reforms, sustainable growth of the economy of Uzbekistan, including agriculture, has been achieved. For the growth of production volumes, a legislative framework has been created, which is being improved based on the realities of life. At present, agriculture works for a large number of consumers and satisfies their needs. Therefore, agricultural enterprises should not only harvest to the maximum extent, but also profitably sell it. In this regard, the manufacturer needs to solve the problems of managing, marketing products, and should also organize the sale of products at the most optimal price in order to get high revenue. In order to carry out large sales, it is necessary to have a good harvest of products with high quality, which will contribute to the presence of demand in the food market. But at the same time, one should also take into account the factor of demand for agricultural products, which also plays an important role in the implementation. The problem of efficiency is the eternal problem of mankind. It flows from the very essence of human existence. The efficiency of agricultural production is the most important quality characteristic at all levels of management. Under the economic efficiency of production is understood the degree of use of production potential, which is revealed by the ratio of the results and costs of social production. The American Journal of Business Management, Economics and Banking Volume 11 April, 2023 P a g e | 111 www.americanjournal.org higher the result at the same cost, the faster it grows per unit cost of socially necessary labor, or the lower the cost per unit of useful effect, the higher the production efficiency. In order to increase the efficiency of production and sales of agricultural products, it is necessary to reduce production costs, improve technology, introduce new varieties of crops, improve product quality and production volume, which will increase the profit of the enterprise and its profitability. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW: A number of scientific papers by Andreychuk V.G., M.K. Bazarova, Burobkina I.N., Vasilenko Yu., Gryadova S.I., Zelepukhina A., Zinchenko A.P., Kuznetsova V.I., Nikiforova P.V., Pastukhova A.K., Saifulina R.C., Svobodina V A., Sergeeva S.S., Surkova I.M., Chebotareva A.A., Shaikina V.V., Sheremet A.D., Shuklina Z.N., Khamrokulov R.Kh., Yusupov Yu.B., Khakimov R. et al. . 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One of the most urgent problems of accelerating the development of agriculture in modern conditions is to increase the efficiency of the industry. Numerous studies on the problem of production efficiency, and in particular in agriculture, convincingly indicate that, due to the different intended use of its components, this category is very complex. It should reflect the effectiveness of diverse human activities in the process of production of material and spiritual goods1. Production efficiency is a complex economic category that reflects a complex of natural, economic, scientific, technical and social conditions for the functioning of the productive forces and production relations. Production efficiency is an economic category that reflects the essence of the process of expanded reproduction. It is necessary to distinguish between the concepts of effect and economic efficiency. Effect - means the result that leaves behind some phenomenon, process, event. In relation to the economic sphere of human activity, the word “effect” should be understood as the result of his work and the result of material, monetary costs. The effect is the result of activities carried out in agriculture. So, the effect of the use of fertilizers is expressed in the form of an increase in yield, but this does not indicate the profitability of the use of fertilizers. Profitability can only be judged on the basis of a comparison of the effect obtained with the costs of achieving it. Consequently, not the effect, but economic efficiency characterizes the profitability of using fertilizers. Economic efficiency - the degree of realization of economic interests, is determined by comparing the effect (result) obtained with the resources or costs used. The production of agricultural products is the main function of agriculture and its ____________________________________________________________________________ 1Nechaev, V. I. Reserves for increasing grain production and improving its efficiency: a regional aspect / V. I. Nechaev // Ed. Academician of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences I. T. Trubilin. - Moscow: Agri Press, 2002. - 284 p. primary links - enterprises. In the production process, production resources are used - land, labor, fixed and circulating assets, and the result is a product with its consumer properties. Quantitatively, the economic efficiency of production can be expressed in different ways. In some cases, it manifests itself in the growth of production volumes with unchanged resources and costs, in American Journal of Business Management, Economics and Banking Volume 11 April, 2023 P a g e | 112 www.americanjournal.org others - in a decrease in production costs for the same amount of production, and thirdly - in both an increase in production volumes and a reduction in production costs. At present, the position is widespread, according to which, for a deeper study of the economic category of efficiency, it is divided into several types, which together make up a single whole. As a result of the implementation of comprehensive measures aimed at the structural transformation and diversification of the industry, as well as the rational use of resources, Uzbekistan managed to maintain the growth trend of agricultural production at an average level of 6.8% over the period 2016- 2018. and 6.8% in 2019-2021. (Table 2.1). Table 2.1 Dynamics of GDP and agriculture growth in the Republic of Uzbekistan in % to January - December of the previous year2 Indicators 2016 year 2017 year 2018 year 2019 year 2020 year 2021 year Average growth for 2016-2021 yy. GDP growth 108,3 108,2 108,0 108,1 108,0 107,8 108,1 Growth rates of agricultural production 106,6 107,2 106,8 106,9 106,8 106,6 106,8 Growth rates of crop production 105,6 107,4 106,4 106,9 106,7 106,2 106,5 Growth rates of livestock production 107,9 107,1 107,4 107,0 106,8 107,1 107,2 According to the State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Statistics, the total volume of agricultural production in 2021 amounted to 48,087.5 billion soums, or 6.6% more than the same period in 2020. Thanks to selfless work and the introduction of modern agricultural technologies, it was possible to raise the khirman of the republic to more than 3 million 300 thousand tons of raw cotton and get a record harvest of cereal crops in the history of agriculture in Uzbekistan - 8 million 263 thousand tons. In 2021, 11272.5 thousand tons of vegetables were grown (145.1% compared to __________________________________________________________________ 2Agriculture of Uzbekistan. Statistical collection. - T .: State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on statistics, 2016, 2020, 2021; http://www.finance.uz/; http://www.stat.uz 2017), 2958.3 thousand tons of potatoes (143.8%), 2045.2 thousand tons of melons (144.2%), 3042.7 thousand tons of fruits and berries (148.2%) and 1735.3 thousand tons of grapes (143.9%) (Table 2.2). The most important direction of sustainable and effective development of agriculture is its transfer to intensive farming methods through the introduction of modern agricultural technologies and equipping with high-performance agricultural machinery. Table 2.2 Production of crop products in the Republic of Uzbekistan thousand tons3 Indicators 2017 y. 2018 y. 2019 y. 2020 y. 2021 y. Attitude 2021 y. 2017 y., % Cereals 7519,5 7807,8 8050,0 8173,5 8263,8 109,9 Raw cotton 3460,1 3361,2 3400,0 3361,3 3300 95,4 Potato 2057,1 2250,4 2452,4 2696,9 2958,3 143,8 Vegetables 7767,4 8518,4 9286,7 10129,3 11272,5 145,1 Food melons 1418,4 1558,3 1696,1 1853,6 2045,2 144,2 Fruits and berries 2052,8 2261,1 2490,6 2746,1 3042,7 148,2 Grape 1206,0 1322,1 1441,2 1579,3 1735,3 143,9 American Journal of Business Management, Economics and Banking Volume 11 April, 2023 P a g e | 113 www.americanjournal.org To this end, the entire system of agricultural engineering was radically reorganized, the holding company Uzagroprommashholding was formed, and enterprises in the industry were optimized and specialized in the production of specific types of agricultural machinery and mechanization in demand. On the optimized areas of the Tashkent Tractor Plant, a new enterprise was established - Tashkent Plant of Agricultural Machinery LLC, which focuses on the production of new models of tractors, trailers and cotton harvesters. The consistent implementation of measures to further increase the potential of the livestock industry, as well as the systemic state support provided, contributed to the growth in the number of livestock and the saturation of the domestic consumer market with livestock products. (Table 2.3). In general, the livestock sector of agriculture was characterized by the following results: - as of January 1, 2021, the number of cattle reached 12.2 million heads (an increase of 20% compared to 2017). _______________ 3Agriculture of Uzbekistan. Statistical collection. - T .: State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on statistics, 2021; Table 2.3 Growth in livestock production and livestock in the Republic of Uzbekistan4 Indicators 2017 y. 2018 y. 2019 y. 2020 y. 2021 y. Attitude 2021 y. 2017 y., % Meat in live weight, thousand tons 1672,9 1787,8 1906,5 2033,4 2171,8 129,8 Milk, thousand tons 7310,9 7885,5 8432,8 9027,8 9703,3 132,7 Egg, million pieces 3873,7 4388,1 4950,0 5535,4 6111,7 157,8 Cattle, thousand tons 10141,3 10607,3 10994,6 11641,3 12165,3 120,0 Sheep and goats, thousand heads 17128,8 17717,6 18447,4 19118,8 19749,2 115,3 Bird, thousand heads 47485,8 52363,2 56195,0 61349,2 65758,9 138,5 - the number of sheep and goats amounted to 19.7 million heads (growth by 15.3%), birds - 65.8 million heads (by 38.5%); - as a result of the implementation of measures to increase the productivity of agricultural production in 2021, the volume of meat production increased by 29.8%, milk - by 32.7%, eggs - by 57.8%; - the share of dekhkan farms in the total number of cattle was 94.1%, cows - 94.6%, sheep and goats - 83.7%, birds - 64.1% (2015). High growth rates of agriculture were in Andijan (174.4%), Surkhandarya (167.4%) and Bukhara (160%) regions (Table 2.4). Tashkent (12.6% in January - December 2017 and 126% in January - December 2021), Samarkand (13.2% and 11.8%) and Andijan (9.6%) have a high share in the total volume of agricultural production. % and 10.8%) areas. An important step in the reforms was the diversification of the sectoral orientation of agriculture. Today, our state exports more than 180 types of fresh and processed fruits and vegetables. Grown fruits and vegetables today can be found in the markets not only of neighboring countries, but also in Norway, Thailand, Indonesia, the USA, Japan, Mongolia, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia and even distant American Journal of Business Management, Economics and Banking Volume 11 April, 2023 P a g e | 114 www.americanjournal.org Brazil. In general, more than 120 countries of the world have the opportunity to enjoy the excellent taste of Uzbek fruits and vegetables. As you know, the development of the agro-industrial complex depends on the rational use of not only land, but also water resources, the reserves of which, unfortunately, are declining all over the world, while the population of the planet is growing. With this in mind, independent Uzbekistan has carried out radical changes in the water sector, aimed at improving the ameliorative condition of irrigated lands, ____________________________________________________________________ 4Agriculture of Uzbekistan. Statistical collection. - T .: State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on statistics, 2021; http://www.finance.uz/; http://www.stat.uz; http://finansist.uz/agriculture- development-uzbekistan-2021 ensuring the rational and careful use of limited water resources, and increasing land fertility. This, in particular, is facilitated by the widespread introduction of the principles of integrated water resources management, the involvement of modern technologies in the industry, automated control systems and water distribution management. The state pays great attention to ensuring the safety of channels, their modernization, technical and technological renewal. At the expense of funds from various sources, more than 5,000 kilometers of canals, about 100,000 kilometers of irrigation and flume networks, 10,000 hydraulic structures throughout the country are annually repaired. This helps to increase the efficiency of water resources management, improve their supply to consumers, and reduce losses in irrigation networks. The priority areas for sustainable development of agriculture are: - deepening structural reforms in agriculture and diversification of agricultural production; - accelerating the processes of modernization, technical and technological renewal of agriculture, infrastructure facilities and agricultural processing industries; - improvement of mechanisms for efficient use of land and water resources in agriculture; - development and improvement of the infrastructure of the agro-food market; - taking measures to liberalize agricultural policy and strengthen the protection of the rights of private agricultural producers, in order to increase the financial sustainability of farms. The production of agricultural products is the main function of agriculture and its primary links - enterprises. In the production process, production resources are used - land, labor, fixed and circulating assets, and the result is a product with its consumer properties. The implementation of these measures together will make it possible to increase crop yields and livestock productivity, and ensure the accelerated development of processing industries in rural areas. This will improve the food security of the population, saturate the domestic market and increase the export potential of the agricultural sector, which will lead to an increase in employment and incomes for a significant part of the rural population. The implementation of measures in accordance with the above priorities will create the necessary ground for ensuring stable development of the economy, strengthening the country's food security, meeting the needs of the population in food and consumer goods to the fullest extent, and, ultimately, will lead to an increase in the welfare and improvement of living conditions of the population. In the economic activity of an organization, reserves are understood as unused production opportunities (lost profits). Any, even a fairly high, level of production hides certain reserves for increasing its efficiency. Reserves can be identified by their classification according to areas of American Journal of Business Management, Economics and Banking Volume 11 April, 2023 P a g e | 115 www.americanjournal.org activity, system analysis by establishing cause-and-effect relationships that determine production and economic indicators. From the point of view of practical significance, the classification of reserves allows: - detail the assessment of the state of production in the areas of activity of the organization; - determine the market position of the organization in the internal and external spheres, taking into account industry affiliation and the level of competition in the industry5; - identify reserves for production growth and cost reduction, including the possibility of innovative development6; - assess the nature and extent of the impact of reserves on the sources of their occurrence on the results of operations; - summarize the reserves by the terms of possible practical use (current, medium-term, prospective); - Establish ways to use reserves. 4.CONCLUSION: Thus, when assessing the efficiency of agricultural production, it is advisable to single them out in separate positions: • land resources, expressed by the area of agricultural land; • labor resources, expressed by the average annual number of employees, hours worked and payroll fund; • fixed production assets, expressed by their average annual cost and depreciation charges; • material resources, expressed by the average annual cost of working capital, stocks of working capital, material production costs. The priority areas for the formation of an effective system of state support and sustainable development of the agricultural sector are: - development and implementation of a strategy for innovative renewal of the ________________________________________ 5Vorozheykina T.M. Influence of the state of the regional food market on the organization of the relationship of its participants // Economics of agricultural and processing enterprises. - 2008. - No. 8. - S. 70-72. 6Ilyenkova N.D. Risk of non-demand for products: analysis of the impact of material resources // Economics and commerce. - 1996. - No. 1. - S. 141-156. reproduction process in the agricultural sector and, on this basis, ensuring the competitiveness of strategic goods - grain, fruits, vegetables, fruits, potatoes, meat, milk - and those economic structures and regions that will ensure the development of the agro-food sector of the economy; - development and implementation of agricultural production based on the maximum use of the potential for sustainability of territorial biosystems (naturally formed sets of plants and animals) and natural and climatic conditions, i.e. stimulation of the system of intensification of agricultural production in Uzbekistan and its regions; - promoting the inclusion of agricultural entrepreneurial structures in the system of market relations using economic forms, methods and levers of state regulation to focus them on the production of competitive goods and achieve sustainable competitive advantages in the national and international food markets; American Journal of Business Management, Economics and Banking Volume 11 April, 2023 P a g e | 116 www.americanjournal.org - creation of conditions for sustainable material and technical support of structures focused on adaptation to the natural and climatic potential and market relations through innovative updating of its technical base. List of Used Literature 1. Zolotarev A. A., Ovchinnikova E. A. Factors of increasing the efficiency of intensification in crop production Agrarian science. - 2008. -№12. - S. 2-3. 2. Ivanov Yu.N. "Economic Statistics". Moscow, 2010. 3. Kovalenko N.Ya., Agirbov Yu.I., Serova N.A. etc. Agricultural Economics / Textbook - M; YURKNIGA, 2009. 4.Economy of branches of the agro-industrial complex: textbook / I.A. Minakov, M.I. Kulikov, O.V. Sokolov. - M.: KolosS, 2008. - p. 273. 5. Ergashev E. I. Modernization of agricultural sectors // Young scientist. - 2015.- No. 7. - pp. 520- 523 6. N.S. Dexkanova, SH.X. Jalilov, Development of multi-profile farms in Uzbekistan. Bulletin of modern science. Moscow, 2016. 7. G.K. Narinbaeva, SH.X. Jalilov, Z.T. Sidikov. The current state of fruit and vegetable growing development in the republic of Uzbekistan. Asian Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management May, 2022. 8. G.K. Narinbaeva, SH.X. Jalilov, M.U.Mirzaev, D.Z.Khaitbaeva, The role of farmers in the economy and prospects for their development in Uzbekistan. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development, June, 2022. 9. Z.T. Sidikov, G.K. Narinbaeva, SH.X. Jalilov, Organizational-economic possibilities of increase of Employment of rural population in Uzbekistan. World Economics & Finance Bulletin (WEFB) January, 2023.