id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
ajema-7935	1	1	65	65	NUM
ajema-7935	1	2	a	a	DET
ajema-7935	1	3	journal	journal	NOUN
ajema-7935	1	4	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	1	5	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	1	6	american	american	PROPN
ajema-7935	1	7	journal	journal	PROPN
ajema-7935	1	8	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	1	9	engineering	engineering	NOUN
ajema-7935	1	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	1	11	mechanics	mechanic	NOUN
ajema-7935	1	12	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	1	13	architecture	architecture	NOUN
ajema-7935	1	14	www	www	NOUN
ajema-7935	1	15	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	2	1	grnjournal.us	grnjournal.us	PROPN
ajema-7935	2	2	american	american	PROPN
ajema-7935	2	3	journal	journal	PROPN
ajema-7935	2	4	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	2	5	engineering	engineering	NOUN
ajema-7935	2	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	2	7	mechanics	mechanic	NOUN
ajema-7935	2	8	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	2	9	architecture	architecture	NOUN
ajema-7935	2	10	volume	volume	NOUN
ajema-7935	2	11	3	3	NUM
ajema-7935	2	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	2	13	issue	issue	NOUN
ajema-7935	2	14	6	6	NUM
ajema-7935	2	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	2	16	2025	2025	NUM
ajema-7935	2	17	issn	issn	X
ajema-7935	2	18	(	(	PUNCT
ajema-7935	2	19	e	e	NOUN
ajema-7935	2	20	):	):	PUNCT
ajema-7935	2	21	2993	2993	NUM
ajema-7935	2	22	-	-	SYM
ajema-7935	2	23	2637	2637	NUM
ajema-7935	2	24	eliminating	eliminate	VERB
ajema-7935	2	25	problems	problem	NOUN
ajema-7935	2	26	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	2	27	shortcomings	shortcoming	NOUN
ajema-7935	2	28	encountered	encounter	VERB
ajema-7935	2	29	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	2	30	optimizing	optimize	VERB
ajema-7935	2	31	train	train	NOUN
ajema-7935	2	32	operating	operating	NOUN
ajema-7935	2	33	modes	mode	NOUN
ajema-7935	2	34	m.sh	m.sh	PROPN
ajema-7935	2	35	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	3	1	shadmonxodjayev	shadmonxodjayev	PROPN
ajema-7935	3	2	d.m	d.m	PROPN
ajema-7935	3	3	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	4	1	insapov	insapov	PROPN
ajema-7935	4	2	a.t	a.t	PROPN
ajema-7935	4	3	.	.	PROPN
ajema-7935	4	4	ziyamukhamedov	ziyamukhamedov	PROPN
ajema-7935	4	5	tashkent	tashkent	PROPN
ajema-7935	4	6	state	state	PROPN
ajema-7935	4	7	transport	transport	PROPN
ajema-7935	4	8	university	university	PROPN
ajema-7935	4	9	(	(	PUNCT
ajema-7935	4	10	tashkent	tashkent	PROPN
ajema-7935	4	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	4	12	uzbekistan	uzbekistan	PROPN
ajema-7935	4	13	)	)	PUNCT
ajema-7935	4	14	abstract	abstract	NOUN
ajema-7935	4	15	:	:	PUNCT
ajema-7935	4	16	optimizing	optimize	VERB
ajema-7935	4	17	train	train	NOUN
ajema-7935	4	18	operating	operating	NOUN
ajema-7935	4	19	modes	mode	NOUN
ajema-7935	4	20	is	be	AUX
ajema-7935	4	21	essential	essential	ADJ
ajema-7935	4	22	for	for	ADP
ajema-7935	4	23	achieving	achieve	VERB
ajema-7935	4	24	energy	energy	NOUN
ajema-7935	4	25	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
ajema-7935	4	26	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	4	27	punctuality	punctuality	NOUN
ajema-7935	4	28	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	4	29	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	4	30	operational	operational	ADJ
ajema-7935	4	31	sustainability	sustainability	NOUN
ajema-7935	4	32	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	4	33	modern	modern	ADJ
ajema-7935	4	34	rail	rail	NOUN
ajema-7935	4	35	systems	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	4	36	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	5	1	however	however	ADV
ajema-7935	5	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	5	3	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	5	4	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ajema-7935	5	5	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	5	6	optimization	optimization	NOUN
ajema-7935	5	7	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ajema-7935	5	8	often	often	ADV
ajema-7935	5	9	encounters	encounter	VERB
ajema-7935	5	10	critical	critical	ADJ
ajema-7935	5	11	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajema-7935	5	12	such	such	ADJ
ajema-7935	5	13	as	as	ADP
ajema-7935	5	14	data	data	NOUN
ajema-7935	5	15	latency	latency	NOUN
ajema-7935	5	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	5	17	hardware	hardware	NOUN
ajema-7935	5	18	limitations	limitation	NOUN
ajema-7935	5	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	5	20	inconsistent	inconsistent	ADJ
ajema-7935	5	21	real	real	ADJ
ajema-7935	5	22	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	5	23	time	time	NOUN
ajema-7935	5	24	decision	decision	NOUN
ajema-7935	5	25	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	5	26	making	making	NOUN
ajema-7935	5	27	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	5	28	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	5	29	limited	limited	ADJ
ajema-7935	5	30	adaptability	adaptability	NOUN
ajema-7935	5	31	to	to	ADP
ajema-7935	5	32	unpredictable	unpredictable	ADJ
ajema-7935	5	33	conditions	condition	NOUN
ajema-7935	5	34	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	6	1	this	this	DET
ajema-7935	6	2	paper	paper	NOUN
ajema-7935	6	3	examines	examine	VERB
ajema-7935	6	4	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	6	5	most	most	ADV
ajema-7935	6	6	common	common	ADJ
ajema-7935	6	7	problems	problem	NOUN
ajema-7935	6	8	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	6	9	shortcomings	shortcoming	NOUN
ajema-7935	6	10	associated	associate	VERB
ajema-7935	6	11	with	with	ADP
ajema-7935	6	12	current	current	ADJ
ajema-7935	6	13	train	train	NOUN
ajema-7935	6	14	optimization	optimization	NOUN
ajema-7935	6	15	efforts	effort	NOUN
ajema-7935	6	16	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	6	17	proposes	propose	VERB
ajema-7935	6	18	targeted	target	VERB
ajema-7935	6	19	solutions	solution	NOUN
ajema-7935	6	20	to	to	PART
ajema-7935	6	21	eliminate	eliminate	VERB
ajema-7935	6	22	or	or	CCONJ
ajema-7935	6	23	mitigate	mitigate	VERB
ajema-7935	6	24	them	they	PRON
ajema-7935	6	25	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	7	1	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
ajema-7935	7	2	is	be	AUX
ajema-7935	7	3	placed	place	VERB
ajema-7935	7	4	on	on	ADP
ajema-7935	7	5	improving	improve	VERB
ajema-7935	7	6	system	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	7	7	scalability	scalability	NOUN
ajema-7935	7	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	7	9	enhancing	enhance	VERB
ajema-7935	7	10	real	real	ADJ
ajema-7935	7	11	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	7	12	time	time	NOUN
ajema-7935	7	13	responsiveness	responsiveness	NOUN
ajema-7935	7	14	through	through	ADP
ajema-7935	7	15	ai	ai	PROPN
ajema-7935	7	16	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	7	17	iot	iot	PROPN
ajema-7935	7	18	technologies	technology	NOUN
ajema-7935	7	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	7	20	ensuring	ensure	VERB
ajema-7935	7	21	reliable	reliable	ADJ
ajema-7935	7	22	communication	communication	NOUN
ajema-7935	7	23	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ajema-7935	7	24	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	7	25	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	7	26	adopting	adopt	VERB
ajema-7935	7	27	multiobjective	multiobjective	ADJ
ajema-7935	7	28	optimization	optimization	NOUN
ajema-7935	7	29	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ajema-7935	7	30	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	8	1	by	by	ADP
ajema-7935	8	2	addressing	address	VERB
ajema-7935	8	3	these	these	DET
ajema-7935	8	4	limitations	limitation	NOUN
ajema-7935	8	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	8	6	rail	rail	NOUN
ajema-7935	8	7	operators	operator	NOUN
ajema-7935	8	8	can	can	AUX
ajema-7935	8	9	unlock	unlock	VERB
ajema-7935	8	10	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	8	11	full	full	ADJ
ajema-7935	8	12	potential	potential	NOUN
ajema-7935	8	13	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	8	14	intelligent	intelligent	ADJ
ajema-7935	8	15	train	train	NOUN
ajema-7935	8	16	operations	operation	NOUN
ajema-7935	8	17	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	8	18	achieve	achieve	VERB
ajema-7935	8	19	more	more	ADV
ajema-7935	8	20	robust	robust	ADJ
ajema-7935	8	21	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	8	22	efficient	efficient	ADJ
ajema-7935	8	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	8	24	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	8	25	resilient	resilient	ADJ
ajema-7935	8	26	railway	railway	NOUN
ajema-7935	8	27	systems	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	8	28	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	9	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
ajema-7935	9	2	:	:	PUNCT
ajema-7935	9	3	train	train	NOUN
ajema-7935	9	4	operation	operation	NOUN
ajema-7935	9	5	optimization	optimization	NOUN
ajema-7935	9	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	9	7	operational	operational	ADJ
ajema-7935	9	8	shortcomings	shortcoming	NOUN
ajema-7935	9	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	9	10	railway	railway	NOUN
ajema-7935	9	11	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
ajema-7935	9	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	9	13	realtime	realtime	NOUN
ajema-7935	9	14	control	control	NOUN
ajema-7935	9	15	systems	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	9	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	9	17	predictive	predictive	ADJ
ajema-7935	9	18	train	train	NOUN
ajema-7935	9	19	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
ajema-7935	9	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	9	21	data	datum	NOUN
ajema-7935	9	22	latency	latency	NOUN
ajema-7935	9	23	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	9	24	rail	rail	NOUN
ajema-7935	9	25	networks	network	NOUN
ajema-7935	9	26	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	9	27	energy	energy	NOUN
ajema-7935	9	28	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	9	29	efficient	efficient	ADJ
ajema-7935	9	30	transport	transport	NOUN
ajema-7935	9	31	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	9	32	ai	ai	VERB
ajema-7935	9	33	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	9	34	railway	railway	NOUN
ajema-7935	9	35	systems	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	9	36	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ajema-7935	9	37	with	with	ADP
ajema-7935	9	38	growing	grow	VERB
ajema-7935	9	39	global	global	ADJ
ajema-7935	9	40	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
ajema-7935	9	41	on	on	ADP
ajema-7935	9	42	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
ajema-7935	9	43	transportation	transportation	NOUN
ajema-7935	9	44	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	9	45	railways	railway	NOUN
ajema-7935	9	46	are	be	AUX
ajema-7935	9	47	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
ajema-7935	9	48	recognized	recognize	VERB
ajema-7935	9	49	as	as	ADP
ajema-7935	9	50	an	an	DET
ajema-7935	9	51	efficient	efficient	ADJ
ajema-7935	9	52	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	9	53	low	low	ADJ
ajema-7935	9	54	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	9	55	emission	emission	NOUN
ajema-7935	9	56	mode	mode	NOUN
ajema-7935	9	57	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	9	58	mass	mass	NOUN
ajema-7935	9	59	transit	transit	NOUN
ajema-7935	9	60	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	10	1	optimizing	optimize	VERB
ajema-7935	10	2	train	train	NOUN
ajema-7935	10	3	operating	operating	NOUN
ajema-7935	10	4	modes	mode	NOUN
ajema-7935	10	5	—	—	PUNCT
ajema-7935	10	6	such	such	ADJ
ajema-7935	10	7	as	as	ADP
ajema-7935	10	8	adjusting	adjust	VERB
ajema-7935	10	9	speed	speed	NOUN
ajema-7935	10	10	profiles	profile	NOUN
ajema-7935	10	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	10	12	minimizing	minimize	VERB
ajema-7935	10	13	energy	energy	NOUN
ajema-7935	10	14	consumption	consumption	NOUN
ajema-7935	10	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	10	16	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	10	17	improving	improve	VERB
ajema-7935	10	18	scheduling	scheduling	NOUN
ajema-7935	10	19	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
ajema-7935	10	20	—	—	PUNCT
ajema-7935	10	21	has	have	AUX
ajema-7935	10	22	become	become	VERB
ajema-7935	10	23	a	a	DET
ajema-7935	10	24	central	central	ADJ
ajema-7935	10	25	goal	goal	NOUN
ajema-7935	10	26	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	10	27	modern	modern	ADJ
ajema-7935	10	28	rail	rail	NOUN
ajema-7935	10	29	system	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	10	30	management	management	NOUN
ajema-7935	10	31	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	11	1	effective	effective	ADJ
ajema-7935	11	2	optimization	optimization	NOUN
ajema-7935	11	3	can	can	AUX
ajema-7935	11	4	reduce	reduce	VERB
ajema-7935	11	5	operational	operational	ADJ
ajema-7935	11	6	costs	cost	NOUN
ajema-7935	11	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	11	8	enhance	enhance	VERB
ajema-7935	11	9	system	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	11	10	reliability	reliability	NOUN
ajema-7935	11	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	11	12	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	11	13	contribute	contribute	VERB
ajema-7935	11	14	to	to	ADP
ajema-7935	11	15	environmental	environmental	ADJ
ajema-7935	11	16	targets	target	NOUN
ajema-7935	11	17	through	through	ADP
ajema-7935	11	18	lower	low	ADJ
ajema-7935	11	19	energy	energy	NOUN
ajema-7935	11	20	use	use	NOUN
ajema-7935	11	21	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	11	22	emissions	emission	NOUN
ajema-7935	11	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	12	1	however	however	ADV
ajema-7935	12	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	12	3	despite	despite	SCONJ
ajema-7935	12	4	significant	significant	ADJ
ajema-7935	12	5	technological	technological	ADJ
ajema-7935	12	6	progress	progress	NOUN
ajema-7935	12	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	12	8	many	many	ADJ
ajema-7935	12	9	railway	railway	NOUN
ajema-7935	12	10	operators	operator	NOUN
ajema-7935	12	11	face	face	VERB
ajema-7935	12	12	persistent	persistent	ADJ
ajema-7935	12	13	problems	problem	NOUN
ajema-7935	12	14	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	12	15	shortcomings	shortcoming	NOUN
ajema-7935	12	16	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	12	17	implementing	implement	VERB
ajema-7935	12	18	optimization	optimization	NOUN
ajema-7935	12	19	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ajema-7935	12	20	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	13	1	these	these	PRON
ajema-7935	13	2	include	include	VERB
ajema-7935	13	3	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
ajema-7935	13	4	real	real	ADJ
ajema-7935	13	5	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	13	6	time	time	NOUN
ajema-7935	13	7	data	datum	NOUN
ajema-7935	13	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	13	9	hardware	hardware	NOUN
ajema-7935	13	10	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	13	11	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ajema-7935	13	12	constraints	constraint	NOUN
ajema-7935	13	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	13	14	limited	limited	ADJ
ajema-7935	13	15	integration	integration	NOUN
ajema-7935	13	16	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	13	17	ai	ai	NOUN
ajema-7935	13	18	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	13	19	based	base	VERB
ajema-7935	13	20	control	control	NOUN
ajema-7935	13	21	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	13	22	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	13	23	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
ajema-7935	13	24	adapting	adapt	VERB
ajema-7935	13	25	to	to	ADP
ajema-7935	13	26	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
ajema-7935	13	27	conditions	condition	NOUN
ajema-7935	13	28	such	such	ADJ
ajema-7935	13	29	as	as	ADP
ajema-7935	13	30	unexpected	unexpected	ADJ
ajema-7935	13	31	delays	delay	NOUN
ajema-7935	13	32	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	13	33	passenger	passenger	NOUN
ajema-7935	13	34	load	load	NOUN
ajema-7935	13	35	fluctuations	fluctuation	NOUN
ajema-7935	13	36	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	13	37	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	13	38	weather	weather	NOUN
ajema-7935	13	39	disruptions	disruption	NOUN
ajema-7935	13	40	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	14	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
ajema-7935	14	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	14	3	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	14	4	fragmentation	fragmentation	NOUN
ajema-7935	14	5	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	14	6	railway	railway	NOUN
ajema-7935	14	7	control	control	NOUN
ajema-7935	14	8	66	66	NUM
ajema-7935	14	9	a	a	DET
ajema-7935	14	10	journal	journal	NOUN
ajema-7935	14	11	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	14	12	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	14	13	american	american	PROPN
ajema-7935	14	14	journal	journal	PROPN
ajema-7935	14	15	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	14	16	engineering	engineering	NOUN
ajema-7935	14	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	14	18	mechanics	mechanic	NOUN
ajema-7935	14	19	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	14	20	architecture	architecture	NOUN
ajema-7935	14	21	www	www	NOUN
ajema-7935	14	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	15	1	grnjournal.us	grnjournal.us	X
ajema-7935	15	2	systems	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	15	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	15	4	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	15	5	lack	lack	NOUN
ajema-7935	15	6	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	15	7	standardization	standardization	NOUN
ajema-7935	15	8	across	across	ADP
ajema-7935	15	9	technologies	technology	NOUN
ajema-7935	15	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	15	11	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	15	12	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
ajema-7935	15	13	interoperability	interoperability	NOUN
ajema-7935	15	14	between	between	ADP
ajema-7935	15	15	software	software	NOUN
ajema-7935	15	16	platforms	platform	NOUN
ajema-7935	15	17	pose	pose	VERB
ajema-7935	15	18	additional	additional	ADJ
ajema-7935	15	19	barriers	barrier	NOUN
ajema-7935	15	20	to	to	ADP
ajema-7935	15	21	successful	successful	ADJ
ajema-7935	15	22	optimization	optimization	NOUN
ajema-7935	15	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	16	1	this	this	DET
ajema-7935	16	2	paper	paper	NOUN
ajema-7935	16	3	addresses	address	VERB
ajema-7935	16	4	these	these	DET
ajema-7935	16	5	issues	issue	NOUN
ajema-7935	16	6	by	by	ADP
ajema-7935	16	7	identifying	identify	VERB
ajema-7935	16	8	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	16	9	root	root	NOUN
ajema-7935	16	10	causes	cause	NOUN
ajema-7935	16	11	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	16	12	common	common	ADJ
ajema-7935	16	13	optimization	optimization	NOUN
ajema-7935	16	14	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajema-7935	16	15	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	16	16	proposing	propose	VERB
ajema-7935	16	17	actionable	actionable	ADJ
ajema-7935	16	18	solutions	solution	NOUN
ajema-7935	16	19	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	17	1	it	it	PRON
ajema-7935	17	2	focuses	focus	VERB
ajema-7935	17	3	on	on	ADP
ajema-7935	17	4	both	both	CCONJ
ajema-7935	17	5	technical	technical	ADJ
ajema-7935	17	6	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	17	7	organizational	organizational	ADJ
ajema-7935	17	8	dimensions	dimension	NOUN
ajema-7935	17	9	—	—	PUNCT
ajema-7935	17	10	such	such	ADJ
ajema-7935	17	11	as	as	ADP
ajema-7935	17	12	upgrading	upgrade	VERB
ajema-7935	17	13	digital	digital	ADJ
ajema-7935	17	14	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ajema-7935	17	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	17	16	improving	improve	VERB
ajema-7935	17	17	algorithmic	algorithmic	ADJ
ajema-7935	17	18	robustness	robustness	NOUN
ajema-7935	17	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	17	20	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	17	21	aligning	align	VERB
ajema-7935	17	22	system	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	17	23	components	component	NOUN
ajema-7935	17	24	under	under	ADP
ajema-7935	17	25	a	a	DET
ajema-7935	17	26	unified	unified	ADJ
ajema-7935	17	27	control	control	NOUN
ajema-7935	17	28	framework	framework	NOUN
ajema-7935	17	29	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	18	1	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	18	2	aim	aim	NOUN
ajema-7935	18	3	is	be	AUX
ajema-7935	18	4	to	to	PART
ajema-7935	18	5	provide	provide	VERB
ajema-7935	18	6	a	a	DET
ajema-7935	18	7	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
ajema-7935	18	8	overview	overview	NOUN
ajema-7935	18	9	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	18	10	how	how	SCONJ
ajema-7935	18	11	existing	existing	ADJ
ajema-7935	18	12	limitations	limitation	NOUN
ajema-7935	18	13	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	18	14	train	train	NOUN
ajema-7935	18	15	operation	operation	NOUN
ajema-7935	18	16	optimization	optimization	NOUN
ajema-7935	18	17	can	can	AUX
ajema-7935	18	18	be	be	AUX
ajema-7935	18	19	eliminated	eliminate	VERB
ajema-7935	18	20	or	or	CCONJ
ajema-7935	18	21	mitigated	mitigate	VERB
ajema-7935	18	22	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	18	23	enabling	enable	VERB
ajema-7935	18	24	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	18	25	development	development	NOUN
ajema-7935	18	26	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	18	27	smarter	smart	ADJ
ajema-7935	18	28	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	18	29	more	more	ADV
ajema-7935	18	30	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
ajema-7935	18	31	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	18	32	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	18	33	future	future	ADJ
ajema-7935	18	34	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	18	35	ready	ready	ADJ
ajema-7935	18	36	railway	railway	NOUN
ajema-7935	18	37	systems	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	18	38	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	19	1	methodology	methodology	NOUN
ajema-7935	19	2	to	to	PART
ajema-7935	19	3	effectively	effectively	ADV
ajema-7935	19	4	investigate	investigate	VERB
ajema-7935	19	5	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	19	6	address	address	VERB
ajema-7935	19	7	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	19	8	existing	exist	VERB
ajema-7935	19	9	problems	problem	NOUN
ajema-7935	19	10	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	19	11	optimizing	optimize	VERB
ajema-7935	19	12	train	train	NOUN
ajema-7935	19	13	operating	operating	NOUN
ajema-7935	19	14	modes	mode	NOUN
ajema-7935	19	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	19	16	a	a	DET
ajema-7935	19	17	structured	structured	ADJ
ajema-7935	19	18	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	19	19	multi	multi	ADJ
ajema-7935	19	20	-	-	ADJ
ajema-7935	19	21	phase	phase	ADJ
ajema-7935	19	22	research	research	NOUN
ajema-7935	19	23	methodology	methodology	NOUN
ajema-7935	19	24	was	be	AUX
ajema-7935	19	25	employed	employ	VERB
ajema-7935	19	26	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	20	1	this	this	DET
ajema-7935	20	2	approach	approach	NOUN
ajema-7935	20	3	combines	combine	VERB
ajema-7935	20	4	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
ajema-7935	20	5	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	20	6	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
ajema-7935	20	7	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajema-7935	20	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	20	9	expert	expert	NOUN
ajema-7935	20	10	consultation	consultation	NOUN
ajema-7935	20	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	20	12	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	20	13	case	case	NOUN
ajema-7935	20	14	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	20	15	based	base	VERB
ajema-7935	20	16	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
ajema-7935	20	17	to	to	PART
ajema-7935	20	18	identify	identify	VERB
ajema-7935	20	19	key	key	ADJ
ajema-7935	20	20	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajema-7935	20	21	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	20	22	propose	propose	VERB
ajema-7935	20	23	targeted	target	VERB
ajema-7935	20	24	solutions	solution	NOUN
ajema-7935	20	25	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	21	1	2.1	2.1	NUM
ajema-7935	21	2	literature	literature	NOUN
ajema-7935	21	3	review	review	NOUN
ajema-7935	21	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	21	5	gap	gap	NOUN
ajema-7935	21	6	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajema-7935	21	7	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	21	8	first	first	ADJ
ajema-7935	21	9	phase	phase	NOUN
ajema-7935	21	10	involved	involve	VERB
ajema-7935	21	11	an	an	DET
ajema-7935	21	12	extensive	extensive	ADJ
ajema-7935	21	13	review	review	NOUN
ajema-7935	21	14	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	21	15	academic	academic	ADJ
ajema-7935	21	16	literature	literature	NOUN
ajema-7935	21	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	21	18	industry	industry	NOUN
ajema-7935	21	19	reports	report	NOUN
ajema-7935	21	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	21	21	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	21	22	technical	technical	ADJ
ajema-7935	21	23	standards	standard	NOUN
ajema-7935	21	24	from	from	ADP
ajema-7935	21	25	databases	database	NOUN
ajema-7935	21	26	such	such	ADJ
ajema-7935	21	27	as	as	ADP
ajema-7935	21	28	ieee	ieee	PROPN
ajema-7935	21	29	xplore	xplore	PROPN
ajema-7935	21	30	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	21	31	sciencedirect	sciencedirect	PROPN
ajema-7935	21	32	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	21	33	springer	springer	NOUN
ajema-7935	21	34	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	21	35	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	21	36	uic	uic	NOUN
ajema-7935	21	37	publications	publication	NOUN
ajema-7935	21	38	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	22	1	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	22	2	goal	goal	NOUN
ajema-7935	22	3	was	be	AUX
ajema-7935	22	4	to	to	PART
ajema-7935	22	5	assess	assess	VERB
ajema-7935	22	6	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	22	7	current	current	ADJ
ajema-7935	22	8	state	state	NOUN
ajema-7935	22	9	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	22	10	train	train	NOUN
ajema-7935	22	11	operation	operation	NOUN
ajema-7935	22	12	optimization	optimization	NOUN
ajema-7935	22	13	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	22	14	identify	identify	VERB
ajema-7935	22	15	frequently	frequently	ADV
ajema-7935	22	16	cited	cite	VERB
ajema-7935	22	17	problems	problem	NOUN
ajema-7935	22	18	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	22	19	such	such	ADJ
ajema-7935	22	20	as	as	ADP
ajema-7935	22	21	:	:	PUNCT
ajema-7935	22	22	•	•	NUM
ajema-7935	22	23	real	real	ADJ
ajema-7935	22	24	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	22	25	time	time	NOUN
ajema-7935	22	26	data	datum	NOUN
ajema-7935	22	27	unavailability	unavailability	NOUN
ajema-7935	22	28	•	•	NUM
ajema-7935	22	29	delays	delay	NOUN
ajema-7935	22	30	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	22	31	control	control	NOUN
ajema-7935	22	32	response	response	NOUN
ajema-7935	22	33	•	•	ADP
ajema-7935	22	34	poor	poor	ADJ
ajema-7935	22	35	interoperability	interoperability	NOUN
ajema-7935	22	36	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	22	37	systems	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	22	38	•	•	NOUN
ajema-7935	22	39	limitations	limitation	NOUN
ajema-7935	22	40	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	22	41	predictive	predictive	ADJ
ajema-7935	22	42	models	model	NOUN
ajema-7935	22	43	•	•	ADP
ajema-7935	22	44	fragmented	fragment	VERB
ajema-7935	22	45	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ajema-7935	22	46	management	management	NOUN
ajema-7935	22	47	a	a	DET
ajema-7935	22	48	gap	gap	NOUN
ajema-7935	22	49	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajema-7935	22	50	was	be	AUX
ajema-7935	22	51	conducted	conduct	VERB
ajema-7935	22	52	to	to	PART
ajema-7935	22	53	highlight	highlight	VERB
ajema-7935	22	54	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	22	55	disconnect	disconnect	NOUN
ajema-7935	22	56	between	between	ADP
ajema-7935	22	57	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
ajema-7935	22	58	optimization	optimization	NOUN
ajema-7935	22	59	models	model	NOUN
ajema-7935	22	60	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	22	61	their	their	PRON
ajema-7935	22	62	practical	practical	ADJ
ajema-7935	22	63	deployment	deployment	NOUN
ajema-7935	22	64	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	23	1	2.2	2.2	NUM
ajema-7935	23	2	expert	expert	NOUN
ajema-7935	23	3	interviews	interview	NOUN
ajema-7935	23	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	23	5	operator	operator	NOUN
ajema-7935	23	6	surveys	survey	NOUN
ajema-7935	23	7	to	to	PART
ajema-7935	23	8	validate	validate	VERB
ajema-7935	23	9	findings	finding	NOUN
ajema-7935	23	10	from	from	ADP
ajema-7935	23	11	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	23	12	literature	literature	NOUN
ajema-7935	23	13	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	23	14	gain	gain	VERB
ajema-7935	23	15	real	real	ADJ
ajema-7935	23	16	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	23	17	world	world	NOUN
ajema-7935	23	18	insight	insight	NOUN
ajema-7935	23	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	23	20	structured	structure	VERB
ajema-7935	23	21	interviews	interview	NOUN
ajema-7935	23	22	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	23	23	surveys	survey	NOUN
ajema-7935	23	24	were	be	AUX
ajema-7935	23	25	conducted	conduct	VERB
ajema-7935	23	26	with	with	ADP
ajema-7935	23	27	:	:	PUNCT
ajema-7935	23	28	•	•	NUM
ajema-7935	23	29	train	train	NOUN
ajema-7935	23	30	operators	operator	NOUN
ajema-7935	23	31	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	23	32	drivers	driver	NOUN
ajema-7935	23	33	•	•	NOUN
ajema-7935	23	34	system	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	23	35	engineers	engineer	NOUN
ajema-7935	23	36	•	•	NUM
ajema-7935	23	37	railway	railway	VERB
ajema-7935	23	38	it	it	PRON
ajema-7935	23	39	specialists	specialist	VERB
ajema-7935	23	40	•	•	NOUN
ajema-7935	23	41	control	control	NOUN
ajema-7935	23	42	center	center	NOUN
ajema-7935	23	43	personnel	personnel	NOUN
ajema-7935	23	44	67	67	NUM
ajema-7935	23	45	a	a	DET
ajema-7935	23	46	journal	journal	NOUN
ajema-7935	23	47	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	23	48	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	23	49	american	american	PROPN
ajema-7935	23	50	journal	journal	PROPN
ajema-7935	23	51	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	23	52	engineering	engineering	NOUN
ajema-7935	23	53	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	23	54	mechanics	mechanic	NOUN
ajema-7935	23	55	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	23	56	architecture	architecture	NOUN
ajema-7935	23	57	www	www	NOUN
ajema-7935	23	58	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	24	1	grnjournal.us	grnjournal.us	X
ajema-7935	24	2	feedback	feedback	NOUN
ajema-7935	24	3	focused	focus	VERB
ajema-7935	24	4	on	on	ADP
ajema-7935	24	5	daily	daily	ADJ
ajema-7935	24	6	operational	operational	ADJ
ajema-7935	24	7	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajema-7935	24	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	24	9	system	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	24	10	reliability	reliability	NOUN
ajema-7935	24	11	issues	issue	NOUN
ajema-7935	24	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	24	13	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
ajema-7935	24	14	usability	usability	NOUN
ajema-7935	24	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	24	16	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	24	17	failure	failure	NOUN
ajema-7935	24	18	cases	case	NOUN
ajema-7935	24	19	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	24	20	automated	automate	VERB
ajema-7935	24	21	decision	decision	NOUN
ajema-7935	24	22	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	24	23	making	making	NOUN
ajema-7935	24	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	25	1	2.3	2.3	NUM
ajema-7935	25	2	case	case	NOUN
ajema-7935	25	3	study	study	NOUN
ajema-7935	25	4	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
ajema-7935	25	5	detailed	detail	VERB
ajema-7935	25	6	case	case	NOUN
ajema-7935	25	7	studies	study	NOUN
ajema-7935	25	8	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	25	9	rail	rail	NOUN
ajema-7935	25	10	systems	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	25	11	from	from	ADP
ajema-7935	25	12	europe	europe	PROPN
ajema-7935	25	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	25	14	asia	asia	PROPN
ajema-7935	25	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	25	16	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	25	17	north	north	PROPN
ajema-7935	25	18	america	america	PROPN
ajema-7935	25	19	were	be	AUX
ajema-7935	25	20	examined	examine	VERB
ajema-7935	25	21	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	25	22	with	with	ADP
ajema-7935	25	23	particular	particular	ADJ
ajema-7935	25	24	attention	attention	NOUN
ajema-7935	25	25	to	to	ADP
ajema-7935	25	26	networks	network	NOUN
ajema-7935	25	27	that	that	PRON
ajema-7935	25	28	have	have	AUX
ajema-7935	25	29	implemented	implement	VERB
ajema-7935	25	30	optimization	optimization	NOUN
ajema-7935	25	31	technologies	technology	NOUN
ajema-7935	25	32	(	(	PUNCT
ajema-7935	25	33	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ajema-7935	25	34	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	25	35	japan	japan	PROPN
ajema-7935	25	36	's	's	PART
ajema-7935	25	37	jr	jr	PROPN
ajema-7935	25	38	east	east	PROPN
ajema-7935	25	39	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	25	40	germany	germany	PROPN
ajema-7935	25	41	's	's	PART
ajema-7935	25	42	deutsche	deutsche	NOUN
ajema-7935	25	43	bahn	bahn	NOUN
ajema-7935	25	44	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	25	45	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	25	46	france	france	PROPN
ajema-7935	25	47	's	's	PART
ajema-7935	25	48	sncf	sncf	NOUN
ajema-7935	25	49	)	)	PUNCT
ajema-7935	25	50	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	26	1	key	key	ADJ
ajema-7935	26	2	performance	performance	NOUN
ajema-7935	26	3	indicators	indicator	NOUN
ajema-7935	26	4	(	(	PUNCT
ajema-7935	26	5	kpis	kpis	PROPN
ajema-7935	26	6	)	)	PUNCT
ajema-7935	26	7	before	before	ADP
ajema-7935	26	8	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	26	9	after	after	ADP
ajema-7935	26	10	optimization	optimization	NOUN
ajema-7935	26	11	were	be	AUX
ajema-7935	26	12	compared	compare	VERB
ajema-7935	26	13	to	to	PART
ajema-7935	26	14	identify	identify	VERB
ajema-7935	26	15	what	what	PRON
ajema-7935	26	16	worked	work	VERB
ajema-7935	26	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	26	18	what	what	PRON
ajema-7935	26	19	failed	fail	VERB
ajema-7935	26	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	26	21	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	26	22	why	why	SCONJ
ajema-7935	26	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	27	1	2.4	2.4	NUM
ajema-7935	27	2	root	root	NOUN
ajema-7935	27	3	cause	cause	VERB
ajema-7935	27	4	categorization	categorization	NOUN
ajema-7935	27	5	problems	problem	NOUN
ajema-7935	27	6	encountered	encounter	VERB
ajema-7935	27	7	were	be	AUX
ajema-7935	27	8	categorized	categorize	VERB
ajema-7935	27	9	into	into	ADP
ajema-7935	27	10	four	four	NUM
ajema-7935	27	11	main	main	ADJ
ajema-7935	27	12	areas	area	NOUN
ajema-7935	27	13	:	:	PUNCT
ajema-7935	28	1	1	1	X
ajema-7935	28	2	.	.	X
ajema-7935	28	3	technological	technological	ADJ
ajema-7935	28	4	(	(	PUNCT
ajema-7935	28	5	e.g.	e.g.	ADJ
ajema-7935	28	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	28	7	sensor	sensor	NOUN
ajema-7935	28	8	failure	failure	NOUN
ajema-7935	28	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	28	10	data	data	NOUN
ajema-7935	28	11	latency	latency	NOUN
ajema-7935	28	12	)	)	PUNCT
ajema-7935	28	13	2	2	NUM
ajema-7935	28	14	.	.	X
ajema-7935	28	15	operational	operational	ADJ
ajema-7935	28	16	(	(	PUNCT
ajema-7935	28	17	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ajema-7935	28	18	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	28	19	schedule	schedule	NOUN
ajema-7935	28	20	rigidity	rigidity	NOUN
ajema-7935	28	21	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	28	22	human	human	ADJ
ajema-7935	28	23	error	error	NOUN
ajema-7935	28	24	)	)	PUNCT
ajema-7935	28	25	3	3	NUM
ajema-7935	28	26	.	.	X
ajema-7935	28	27	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ajema-7935	28	28	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	28	29	related	relate	VERB
ajema-7935	28	30	(	(	PUNCT
ajema-7935	28	31	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ajema-7935	28	32	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	28	33	outdated	outdated	ADJ
ajema-7935	28	34	systems	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	28	35	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	28	36	poor	poor	ADJ
ajema-7935	28	37	connectivity	connectivity	NOUN
ajema-7935	28	38	)	)	PUNCT
ajema-7935	28	39	4	4	NUM
ajema-7935	28	40	.	.	X
ajema-7935	28	41	algorithmic	algorithmic	ADJ
ajema-7935	28	42	(	(	PUNCT
ajema-7935	28	43	e.g.	e.g.	ADJ
ajema-7935	28	44	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	28	45	non	non	ADJ
ajema-7935	28	46	-	-	ADJ
ajema-7935	28	47	scalable	scalable	ADJ
ajema-7935	28	48	optimization	optimization	NOUN
ajema-7935	28	49	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	28	50	weak	weak	ADJ
ajema-7935	28	51	multi	multi	ADJ
ajema-7935	28	52	-	-	ADJ
ajema-7935	28	53	objective	objective	ADJ
ajema-7935	28	54	handling	handling	NOUN
ajema-7935	28	55	)	)	PUNCT
ajema-7935	28	56	for	for	ADP
ajema-7935	28	57	each	each	DET
ajema-7935	28	58	category	category	NOUN
ajema-7935	28	59	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	28	60	potential	potential	ADJ
ajema-7935	28	61	solutions	solution	NOUN
ajema-7935	28	62	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	28	63	best	good	ADJ
ajema-7935	28	64	practices	practice	NOUN
ajema-7935	28	65	were	be	AUX
ajema-7935	28	66	mapped	map	VERB
ajema-7935	28	67	using	use	VERB
ajema-7935	28	68	a	a	DET
ajema-7935	28	69	cause	cause	NOUN
ajema-7935	28	70	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	28	71	effect	effect	NOUN
ajema-7935	28	72	(	(	PUNCT
ajema-7935	28	73	ishikawa	ishikawa	PROPN
ajema-7935	28	74	/	/	SYM
ajema-7935	28	75	fishbone	fishbone	NOUN
ajema-7935	28	76	)	)	PUNCT
ajema-7935	28	77	framework	framework	NOUN
ajema-7935	28	78	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	29	1	2.5	2.5	NUM
ajema-7935	29	2	solution	solution	NOUN
ajema-7935	29	3	framework	framework	NOUN
ajema-7935	29	4	development	development	NOUN
ajema-7935	29	5	based	base	VERB
ajema-7935	29	6	on	on	ADP
ajema-7935	29	7	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	29	8	collected	collect	VERB
ajema-7935	29	9	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ajema-7935	29	10	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	29	11	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajema-7935	29	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	29	13	a	a	DET
ajema-7935	29	14	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
ajema-7935	29	15	framework	framework	NOUN
ajema-7935	29	16	was	be	AUX
ajema-7935	29	17	developed	develop	VERB
ajema-7935	29	18	to	to	PART
ajema-7935	29	19	guide	guide	VERB
ajema-7935	29	20	railway	railway	NOUN
ajema-7935	29	21	operators	operator	NOUN
ajema-7935	29	22	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	29	23	:	:	PUNCT
ajema-7935	29	24	•	•	NOUN
ajema-7935	29	25	identifying	identify	VERB
ajema-7935	29	26	bottlenecks	bottleneck	NOUN
ajema-7935	29	27	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	29	28	optimization	optimization	NOUN
ajema-7935	29	29	deployment	deployment	NOUN
ajema-7935	29	30	•	•	NUM
ajema-7935	29	31	selecting	select	VERB
ajema-7935	29	32	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ajema-7935	29	33	digital	digital	ADJ
ajema-7935	29	34	tools	tool	NOUN
ajema-7935	29	35	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	29	36	predictive	predictive	ADJ
ajema-7935	29	37	models	model	NOUN
ajema-7935	29	38	•	•	ADV
ajema-7935	29	39	enhancing	enhance	VERB
ajema-7935	29	40	integration	integration	NOUN
ajema-7935	29	41	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	29	42	communication	communication	NOUN
ajema-7935	29	43	between	between	ADP
ajema-7935	29	44	subsystems	subsystem	NOUN
ajema-7935	29	45	•	•	ADV
ajema-7935	29	46	developing	develop	VERB
ajema-7935	29	47	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
ajema-7935	29	48	control	control	NOUN
ajema-7935	29	49	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
ajema-7935	29	50	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	29	51	resilience	resilience	NOUN
ajema-7935	29	52	protocols	protocol	NOUN
ajema-7935	29	53	this	this	DET
ajema-7935	29	54	methodology	methodology	NOUN
ajema-7935	29	55	ensures	ensure	VERB
ajema-7935	29	56	that	that	SCONJ
ajema-7935	29	57	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	29	58	study	study	NOUN
ajema-7935	29	59	is	be	AUX
ajema-7935	29	60	grounded	ground	VERB
ajema-7935	29	61	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	29	62	both	both	CCONJ
ajema-7935	29	63	academic	academic	ADJ
ajema-7935	29	64	theory	theory	NOUN
ajema-7935	29	65	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	29	66	operational	operational	ADJ
ajema-7935	29	67	reality	reality	NOUN
ajema-7935	29	68	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	29	69	resulting	result	VERB
ajema-7935	29	70	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	29	71	practical	practical	ADJ
ajema-7935	29	72	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
ajema-7935	29	73	to	to	PART
ajema-7935	29	74	eliminate	eliminate	VERB
ajema-7935	29	75	common	common	ADJ
ajema-7935	29	76	shortcomings	shortcoming	NOUN
ajema-7935	29	77	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	29	78	train	train	NOUN
ajema-7935	29	79	operating	operate	VERB
ajema-7935	29	80	mode	mode	NOUN
ajema-7935	29	81	optimization	optimization	NOUN
ajema-7935	29	82	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	30	1	results	result	NOUN
ajema-7935	30	2	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	30	3	discussion	discussion	VERB
ajema-7935	30	4	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	30	5	application	application	NOUN
ajema-7935	30	6	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	30	7	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	30	8	outlined	outline	VERB
ajema-7935	30	9	methodology	methodology	NOUN
ajema-7935	30	10	yielded	yield	VERB
ajema-7935	30	11	important	important	ADJ
ajema-7935	30	12	insights	insight	NOUN
ajema-7935	30	13	into	into	ADP
ajema-7935	30	14	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	30	15	recurring	recur	VERB
ajema-7935	30	16	problems	problem	NOUN
ajema-7935	30	17	that	that	PRON
ajema-7935	30	18	hinder	hinder	VERB
ajema-7935	30	19	effective	effective	ADJ
ajema-7935	30	20	optimization	optimization	NOUN
ajema-7935	30	21	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	30	22	train	train	NOUN
ajema-7935	30	23	operating	operating	NOUN
ajema-7935	30	24	modes	mode	NOUN
ajema-7935	30	25	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	31	1	these	these	DET
ajema-7935	31	2	issues	issue	NOUN
ajema-7935	31	3	were	be	AUX
ajema-7935	31	4	grouped	group	VERB
ajema-7935	31	5	into	into	ADP
ajema-7935	31	6	four	four	NUM
ajema-7935	31	7	primary	primary	ADJ
ajema-7935	31	8	categories	category	NOUN
ajema-7935	31	9	:	:	PUNCT
ajema-7935	31	10	technological	technological	ADJ
ajema-7935	31	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	31	12	operational	operational	ADJ
ajema-7935	31	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	31	14	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ajema-7935	31	15	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	31	16	related	relate	VERB
ajema-7935	31	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	31	18	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	31	19	algorithmic	algorithmic	ADJ
ajema-7935	31	20	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	32	1	for	for	ADP
ajema-7935	32	2	each	each	DET
ajema-7935	32	3	68	68	NUM
ajema-7935	32	4	a	a	DET
ajema-7935	32	5	journal	journal	NOUN
ajema-7935	32	6	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	32	7	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	32	8	american	american	PROPN
ajema-7935	32	9	journal	journal	PROPN
ajema-7935	32	10	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	32	11	engineering	engineering	NOUN
ajema-7935	32	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	32	13	mechanics	mechanic	NOUN
ajema-7935	32	14	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	32	15	architecture	architecture	NOUN
ajema-7935	32	16	www	www	NOUN
ajema-7935	32	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	32	18	grnjournal.us	grnjournal.us	PROPN
ajema-7935	32	19	group	group	NOUN
ajema-7935	32	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	32	21	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	32	22	study	study	NOUN
ajema-7935	32	23	identified	identify	VERB
ajema-7935	32	24	root	root	NOUN
ajema-7935	32	25	causes	cause	NOUN
ajema-7935	32	26	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	32	27	real	real	ADJ
ajema-7935	32	28	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	32	29	world	world	NOUN
ajema-7935	32	30	manifestations	manifestation	NOUN
ajema-7935	32	31	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	32	32	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	32	33	practical	practical	ADJ
ajema-7935	32	34	countermeasures	countermeasure	NOUN
ajema-7935	32	35	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	33	1	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	33	2	results	result	NOUN
ajema-7935	33	3	are	be	AUX
ajema-7935	33	4	discussed	discuss	VERB
ajema-7935	33	5	below	below	ADV
ajema-7935	33	6	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	34	1	3.1	3.1	NUM
ajema-7935	34	2	technological	technological	ADJ
ajema-7935	34	3	shortcomings	shortcoming	NOUN
ajema-7935	34	4	findings	finding	NOUN
ajema-7935	34	5	:	:	PUNCT
ajema-7935	34	6	a	a	DET
ajema-7935	34	7	major	major	ADJ
ajema-7935	34	8	technological	technological	ADJ
ajema-7935	34	9	limitation	limitation	NOUN
ajema-7935	34	10	observed	observe	VERB
ajema-7935	34	11	across	across	ADP
ajema-7935	34	12	several	several	ADJ
ajema-7935	34	13	railway	railway	NOUN
ajema-7935	34	14	systems	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	34	15	was	be	AUX
ajema-7935	34	16	data	data	NOUN
ajema-7935	34	17	latency	latency	NOUN
ajema-7935	34	18	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	34	19	unreliability	unreliability	NOUN
ajema-7935	34	20	from	from	ADP
ajema-7935	34	21	onboard	onboard	ADJ
ajema-7935	34	22	sensors	sensor	NOUN
ajema-7935	34	23	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	34	24	trackside	trackside	VERB
ajema-7935	34	25	communication	communication	NOUN
ajema-7935	34	26	units	unit	NOUN
ajema-7935	34	27	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	35	1	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	35	2	systems	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	35	3	lacking	lack	VERB
ajema-7935	35	4	highresolution	highresolution	NOUN
ajema-7935	35	5	sensors	sensor	NOUN
ajema-7935	35	6	or	or	CCONJ
ajema-7935	35	7	cloud	cloud	NOUN
ajema-7935	35	8	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	35	9	integrated	integrate	VERB
ajema-7935	35	10	processing	processing	NOUN
ajema-7935	35	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	35	12	delays	delay	NOUN
ajema-7935	35	13	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	35	14	data	data	NOUN
ajema-7935	35	15	transmission	transmission	NOUN
ajema-7935	35	16	prevented	prevent	VERB
ajema-7935	35	17	effective	effective	ADJ
ajema-7935	35	18	real	real	ADJ
ajema-7935	35	19	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	35	20	time	time	NOUN
ajema-7935	35	21	control	control	NOUN
ajema-7935	35	22	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	35	23	especially	especially	ADV
ajema-7935	35	24	under	under	ADP
ajema-7935	35	25	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
ajema-7935	35	26	conditions	condition	NOUN
ajema-7935	35	27	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	36	1	discussion	discussion	NOUN
ajema-7935	36	2	:	:	PUNCT
ajema-7935	36	3	upgrading	upgrade	VERB
ajema-7935	36	4	sensor	sensor	NOUN
ajema-7935	36	5	arrays	array	VERB
ajema-7935	36	6	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	36	7	deploying	deploy	VERB
ajema-7935	36	8	edge	edge	NOUN
ajema-7935	36	9	computing	computing	NOUN
ajema-7935	36	10	devices	device	NOUN
ajema-7935	36	11	can	can	AUX
ajema-7935	36	12	drastically	drastically	ADV
ajema-7935	36	13	reduce	reduce	VERB
ajema-7935	36	14	data	datum	NOUN
ajema-7935	36	15	processing	processing	NOUN
ajema-7935	36	16	time	time	NOUN
ajema-7935	36	17	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	36	18	improve	improve	VERB
ajema-7935	36	19	control	control	NOUN
ajema-7935	36	20	loop	loop	NOUN
ajema-7935	36	21	responsiveness	responsiveness	NOUN
ajema-7935	36	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	37	1	some	some	DET
ajema-7935	37	2	operators	operator	NOUN
ajema-7935	37	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	37	4	like	like	ADP
ajema-7935	37	5	db	db	ADP
ajema-7935	37	6	netz	netz	PROPN
ajema-7935	37	7	(	(	PUNCT
ajema-7935	37	8	germany	germany	PROPN
ajema-7935	37	9	)	)	PUNCT
ajema-7935	37	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	37	11	reported	report	VERB
ajema-7935	37	12	a	a	DET
ajema-7935	37	13	20	20	NUM
ajema-7935	37	14	%	%	NOUN
ajema-7935	37	15	increase	increase	NOUN
ajema-7935	37	16	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	37	17	energy	energy	NOUN
ajema-7935	37	18	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
ajema-7935	37	19	after	after	ADP
ajema-7935	37	20	implementing	implement	VERB
ajema-7935	37	21	high	high	ADJ
ajema-7935	37	22	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	37	23	frequency	frequency	NOUN
ajema-7935	37	24	data	datum	NOUN
ajema-7935	37	25	logging	log	VERB
ajema-7935	37	26	with	with	ADP
ajema-7935	37	27	ai	ai	NOUN
ajema-7935	37	28	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	37	29	based	base	VERB
ajema-7935	37	30	controllers	controller	NOUN
ajema-7935	37	31	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	38	1	3.2	3.2	NUM
ajema-7935	38	2	operational	operational	ADJ
ajema-7935	38	3	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajema-7935	38	4	findings	finding	NOUN
ajema-7935	38	5	:	:	PUNCT
ajema-7935	38	6	operators	operator	NOUN
ajema-7935	38	7	frequently	frequently	ADV
ajema-7935	38	8	reported	report	VERB
ajema-7935	38	9	poor	poor	ADJ
ajema-7935	38	10	coordination	coordination	NOUN
ajema-7935	38	11	between	between	ADP
ajema-7935	38	12	driver	driver	NOUN
ajema-7935	38	13	actions	action	NOUN
ajema-7935	38	14	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	38	15	automated	automated	ADJ
ajema-7935	38	16	systems	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	38	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	39	1	manual	manual	NOUN
ajema-7935	39	2	overrides	override	VERB
ajema-7935	39	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	39	4	inconsistencies	inconsistency	NOUN
ajema-7935	39	5	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	39	6	driver	driver	NOUN
ajema-7935	39	7	adherence	adherence	NOUN
ajema-7935	39	8	to	to	ADP
ajema-7935	39	9	advisory	advisory	ADJ
ajema-7935	39	10	systems	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	39	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	39	12	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	39	13	lack	lack	NOUN
ajema-7935	39	14	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	39	15	real	real	ADJ
ajema-7935	39	16	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	39	17	time	time	NOUN
ajema-7935	39	18	operational	operational	ADJ
ajema-7935	39	19	awareness	awareness	NOUN
ajema-7935	39	20	led	lead	VERB
ajema-7935	39	21	to	to	ADP
ajema-7935	39	22	schedule	schedule	NOUN
ajema-7935	39	23	deviations	deviation	NOUN
ajema-7935	39	24	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	39	25	energy	energy	NOUN
ajema-7935	39	26	waste	waste	NOUN
ajema-7935	39	27	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	40	1	discussion	discussion	NOUN
ajema-7935	40	2	:	:	PUNCT
ajema-7935	40	3	human	human	NOUN
ajema-7935	40	4	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	40	5	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	40	6	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	40	7	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	40	8	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	40	9	loop	loop	NOUN
ajema-7935	40	10	designs	design	NOUN
ajema-7935	40	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	40	12	driver	driver	NOUN
ajema-7935	40	13	training	training	NOUN
ajema-7935	40	14	with	with	ADP
ajema-7935	40	15	simulation	simulation	NOUN
ajema-7935	40	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	40	17	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	40	18	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
ajema-7935	40	19	decision	decision	NOUN
ajema-7935	40	20	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	40	21	making	make	VERB
ajema-7935	40	22	interfaces	interface	NOUN
ajema-7935	40	23	can	can	AUX
ajema-7935	40	24	bridge	bridge	VERB
ajema-7935	40	25	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	40	26	gap	gap	NOUN
ajema-7935	40	27	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	41	1	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	41	2	japan	japan	PROPN
ajema-7935	41	3	’s	’s	PART
ajema-7935	41	4	jr	jr	PROPN
ajema-7935	41	5	east	east	PROPN
ajema-7935	41	6	system	system	PROPN
ajema-7935	41	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	41	8	blending	blend	VERB
ajema-7935	41	9	automation	automation	NOUN
ajema-7935	41	10	with	with	ADP
ajema-7935	41	11	predictive	predictive	ADJ
ajema-7935	41	12	driver	driver	NOUN
ajema-7935	41	13	support	support	NOUN
ajema-7935	41	14	reduced	reduce	VERB
ajema-7935	41	15	abrupt	abrupt	ADJ
ajema-7935	41	16	braking	brake	VERB
ajema-7935	41	17	events	event	NOUN
ajema-7935	41	18	by	by	ADP
ajema-7935	41	19	over	over	ADP
ajema-7935	41	20	30	30	NUM
ajema-7935	41	21	%	%	NOUN
ajema-7935	41	22	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	41	23	increasing	increase	VERB
ajema-7935	41	24	both	both	CCONJ
ajema-7935	41	25	energy	energy	NOUN
ajema-7935	41	26	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
ajema-7935	41	27	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	41	28	passenger	passenger	NOUN
ajema-7935	41	29	comfort	comfort	NOUN
ajema-7935	41	30	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	42	1	3.3	3.3	NUM
ajema-7935	42	2	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ajema-7935	42	3	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	42	4	related	relate	VERB
ajema-7935	42	5	constraints	constraint	NOUN
ajema-7935	42	6	findings	finding	NOUN
ajema-7935	42	7	:	:	PUNCT
ajema-7935	42	8	older	old	ADJ
ajema-7935	42	9	track	track	NOUN
ajema-7935	42	10	systems	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	42	11	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	42	12	legacy	legacy	NOUN
ajema-7935	42	13	hardware	hardware	NOUN
ajema-7935	42	14	limited	limit	VERB
ajema-7935	42	15	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	42	16	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ajema-7935	42	17	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	42	18	digital	digital	ADJ
ajema-7935	42	19	optimization	optimization	NOUN
ajema-7935	42	20	tools	tool	NOUN
ajema-7935	42	21	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	43	1	for	for	ADP
ajema-7935	43	2	instance	instance	NOUN
ajema-7935	43	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	43	4	inconsistent	inconsistent	ADJ
ajema-7935	43	5	power	power	NOUN
ajema-7935	43	6	supply	supply	NOUN
ajema-7935	43	7	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ajema-7935	43	8	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	43	9	non	non	ADJ
ajema-7935	43	10	-	-	ADJ
ajema-7935	43	11	uniform	uniform	ADJ
ajema-7935	43	12	signaling	signal	VERB
ajema-7935	43	13	systems	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	43	14	were	be	AUX
ajema-7935	43	15	found	find	VERB
ajema-7935	43	16	to	to	PART
ajema-7935	43	17	restrict	restrict	VERB
ajema-7935	43	18	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
ajema-7935	43	19	scheduling	scheduling	NOUN
ajema-7935	43	20	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	43	21	regenerative	regenerative	ADJ
ajema-7935	43	22	braking	braking	NOUN
ajema-7935	43	23	performance	performance	NOUN
ajema-7935	43	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	44	1	discussion	discussion	NOUN
ajema-7935	44	2	:	:	PUNCT
ajema-7935	44	3	phased	phase	VERB
ajema-7935	44	4	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ajema-7935	44	5	modernization	modernization	NOUN
ajema-7935	44	6	with	with	ADP
ajema-7935	44	7	modular	modular	ADJ
ajema-7935	44	8	upgrade	upgrade	NOUN
ajema-7935	44	9	paths	path	NOUN
ajema-7935	44	10	(	(	PUNCT
ajema-7935	44	11	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ajema-7935	44	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	44	13	retrofitting	retrofit	VERB
ajema-7935	44	14	substations	substation	NOUN
ajema-7935	44	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	44	16	deploying	deploy	VERB
ajema-7935	44	17	digital	digital	ADJ
ajema-7935	44	18	twins	twin	NOUN
ajema-7935	44	19	)	)	PUNCT
ajema-7935	44	20	is	be	AUX
ajema-7935	44	21	necessary	necessary	ADJ
ajema-7935	44	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	45	1	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	45	2	france	france	PROPN
ajema-7935	45	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	45	4	sncf	sncf	PROPN
ajema-7935	45	5	’s	’s	PART
ajema-7935	45	6	deployment	deployment	NOUN
ajema-7935	45	7	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	45	8	energy	energy	NOUN
ajema-7935	45	9	storage	storage	NOUN
ajema-7935	45	10	alongside	alongside	ADP
ajema-7935	45	11	smart	smart	ADJ
ajema-7935	45	12	braking	braking	NOUN
ajema-7935	45	13	systems	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	45	14	improved	improve	VERB
ajema-7935	45	15	energy	energy	NOUN
ajema-7935	45	16	recovery	recovery	NOUN
ajema-7935	45	17	by	by	ADP
ajema-7935	45	18	up	up	ADP
ajema-7935	45	19	to	to	PART
ajema-7935	45	20	15	15	NUM
ajema-7935	45	21	%	%	NOUN
ajema-7935	45	22	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	45	23	even	even	ADV
ajema-7935	45	24	on	on	ADP
ajema-7935	45	25	older	old	ADJ
ajema-7935	45	26	rolling	rolling	ADJ
ajema-7935	45	27	stock	stock	NOUN
ajema-7935	45	28	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	46	1	69	69	NUM
ajema-7935	46	2	a	a	DET
ajema-7935	46	3	journal	journal	NOUN
ajema-7935	46	4	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	46	5	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	46	6	american	american	PROPN
ajema-7935	46	7	journal	journal	PROPN
ajema-7935	46	8	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	46	9	engineering	engineering	NOUN
ajema-7935	46	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	46	11	mechanics	mechanic	NOUN
ajema-7935	46	12	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	46	13	architecture	architecture	NOUN
ajema-7935	46	14	www	www	NOUN
ajema-7935	46	15	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	47	1	grnjournal.us	grnjournal.us	X
ajema-7935	47	2	3.4	3.4	NUM
ajema-7935	47	3	algorithmic	algorithmic	ADJ
ajema-7935	47	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	47	5	integration	integration	NOUN
ajema-7935	47	6	limitations	limitation	NOUN
ajema-7935	47	7	findings	finding	NOUN
ajema-7935	47	8	:	:	PUNCT
ajema-7935	47	9	many	many	ADJ
ajema-7935	47	10	optimization	optimization	NOUN
ajema-7935	47	11	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
ajema-7935	47	12	used	use	VERB
ajema-7935	47	13	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	47	14	practice	practice	NOUN
ajema-7935	47	15	were	be	AUX
ajema-7935	47	16	found	find	VERB
ajema-7935	47	17	to	to	PART
ajema-7935	47	18	be	be	AUX
ajema-7935	47	19	too	too	ADV
ajema-7935	47	20	rigid	rigid	ADJ
ajema-7935	47	21	or	or	CCONJ
ajema-7935	47	22	single	single	ADJ
ajema-7935	47	23	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	47	24	objective	objective	NOUN
ajema-7935	47	25	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	47	26	nature	nature	NOUN
ajema-7935	47	27	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	48	1	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
ajema-7935	48	2	failed	fail	VERB
ajema-7935	48	3	to	to	PART
ajema-7935	48	4	adapt	adapt	VERB
ajema-7935	48	5	to	to	ADP
ajema-7935	48	6	varying	vary	VERB
ajema-7935	48	7	train	train	NOUN
ajema-7935	48	8	load	load	NOUN
ajema-7935	48	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	48	10	weather	weather	NOUN
ajema-7935	48	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	48	12	or	or	CCONJ
ajema-7935	48	13	congestion	congestion	NOUN
ajema-7935	48	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	49	1	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	49	2	addition	addition	NOUN
ajema-7935	49	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	49	4	fragmented	fragmented	ADJ
ajema-7935	49	5	software	software	NOUN
ajema-7935	49	6	systems	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	49	7	created	create	VERB
ajema-7935	49	8	data	datum	NOUN
ajema-7935	49	9	silos	silo	NOUN
ajema-7935	49	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	49	11	blocking	block	VERB
ajema-7935	49	12	effective	effective	ADJ
ajema-7935	49	13	optimization	optimization	NOUN
ajema-7935	49	14	across	across	ADP
ajema-7935	49	15	departments	department	NOUN
ajema-7935	49	16	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	50	1	discussion	discussion	NOUN
ajema-7935	50	2	:	:	PUNCT
ajema-7935	50	3	implementing	implement	VERB
ajema-7935	50	4	multi	multi	ADJ
ajema-7935	50	5	-	-	ADJ
ajema-7935	50	6	objective	objective	ADJ
ajema-7935	50	7	optimization	optimization	NOUN
ajema-7935	50	8	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ajema-7935	50	9	(	(	PUNCT
ajema-7935	50	10	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ajema-7935	50	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	50	12	combining	combine	VERB
ajema-7935	50	13	speed	speed	NOUN
ajema-7935	50	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	50	15	energy	energy	NOUN
ajema-7935	50	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	50	17	punctuality	punctuality	NOUN
ajema-7935	50	18	)	)	PUNCT
ajema-7935	50	19	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	50	20	enabling	enable	VERB
ajema-7935	50	21	cross	cross	ADJ
ajema-7935	50	22	-	-	ADJ
ajema-7935	50	23	platform	platform	ADJ
ajema-7935	50	24	data	datum	NOUN
ajema-7935	50	25	exchange	exchange	NOUN
ajema-7935	50	26	through	through	ADP
ajema-7935	50	27	middleware	middleware	NOUN
ajema-7935	50	28	or	or	CCONJ
ajema-7935	50	29	cloud	cloud	NOUN
ajema-7935	50	30	integration	integration	NOUN
ajema-7935	50	31	significantly	significantly	ADV
ajema-7935	50	32	enhanced	enhance	VERB
ajema-7935	50	33	system	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	50	34	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	50	35	wide	wide	ADJ
ajema-7935	50	36	coordination	coordination	NOUN
ajema-7935	50	37	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	51	1	a	a	DET
ajema-7935	51	2	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
ajema-7935	51	3	control	control	NOUN
ajema-7935	51	4	system	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	51	5	piloted	pilot	VERB
ajema-7935	51	6	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	51	7	china	china	PROPN
ajema-7935	51	8	’s	’s	PART
ajema-7935	51	9	crh	crh	PROPN
ajema-7935	51	10	network	network	PROPN
ajema-7935	51	11	showed	show	VERB
ajema-7935	51	12	a	a	DET
ajema-7935	51	13	10	10	NUM
ajema-7935	51	14	%	%	NOUN
ajema-7935	51	15	punctuality	punctuality	NOUN
ajema-7935	51	16	improvement	improvement	NOUN
ajema-7935	51	17	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	51	18	better	well	ADJ
ajema-7935	51	19	energy	energy	NOUN
ajema-7935	51	20	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	51	21	time	time	NOUN
ajema-7935	51	22	trade	trade	NOUN
ajema-7935	51	23	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	51	24	off	off	ADP
ajema-7935	51	25	decisions	decision	NOUN
ajema-7935	51	26	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	52	1	summary	summary	NOUN
ajema-7935	52	2	table	table	NOUN
ajema-7935	52	3	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	52	4	findings	finding	NOUN
ajema-7935	52	5	problem	problem	PROPN
ajema-7935	52	6	area	area	PROPN
ajema-7935	52	7	key	key	ADJ
ajema-7935	52	8	issue	issue	NOUN
ajema-7935	52	9	proposed	propose	VERB
ajema-7935	52	10	solution	solution	NOUN
ajema-7935	52	11	observed	observe	VERB
ajema-7935	52	12	benefit	benefit	NOUN
ajema-7935	52	13	technological	technological	ADJ
ajema-7935	52	14	data	datum	NOUN
ajema-7935	52	15	latency	latency	NOUN
ajema-7935	52	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	52	17	unreliable	unreliable	ADJ
ajema-7935	52	18	sensors	sensor	NOUN
ajema-7935	52	19	edge	edge	VERB
ajema-7935	52	20	computing	computing	NOUN
ajema-7935	52	21	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	52	22	sensor	sensor	NOUN
ajema-7935	52	23	upgrades	upgrade	VERB
ajema-7935	52	24	+20	+20	NUM
ajema-7935	52	25	%	%	NOUN
ajema-7935	52	26	energy	energy	NOUN
ajema-7935	52	27	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
ajema-7935	52	28	operational	operational	ADJ
ajema-7935	52	29	driver	driver	NOUN
ajema-7935	52	30	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	52	31	automation	automation	NOUN
ajema-7935	52	32	mismatch	mismatch	NOUN
ajema-7935	52	33	driver	driver	NOUN
ajema-7935	52	34	assist	assist	NOUN
ajema-7935	52	35	tools	tool	NOUN
ajema-7935	52	36	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	52	37	training	training	NOUN
ajema-7935	52	38	simulations	simulation	NOUN
ajema-7935	52	39	−30	−30	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	1	%	%	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	2	abrupt	abrupt	ADJ
ajema-7935	53	3	stops	stop	VERB
ajema-7935	53	4	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	5	legacy	legacy	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	6	system	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	7	limitations	limitation	VERB
ajema-7935	53	8	modular	modular	ADJ
ajema-7935	53	9	retrofitting	retrofitting	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	53	11	smart	smart	ADJ
ajema-7935	53	12	substations	substation	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	13	+15	+15	NUM
ajema-7935	53	14	%	%	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	15	energy	energy	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	16	recovery	recovery	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	17	algorithmic	algorithmic	ADJ
ajema-7935	53	18	/	/	SYM
ajema-7935	53	19	software	software	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	20	rigid	rigid	ADJ
ajema-7935	53	21	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	22	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	53	23	poor	poor	ADJ
ajema-7935	53	24	data	datum	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	25	integration	integration	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	26	multi	multi	ADJ
ajema-7935	53	27	-	-	ADJ
ajema-7935	53	28	objective	objective	ADJ
ajema-7935	53	29	ai	ai	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	30	models	model	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	31	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	53	32	cloud	cloud	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	33	platforms	platform	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	34	+10	+10	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	35	%	%	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	36	punctuality	punctuality	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	37	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	53	38	scalability	scalability	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	39	these	these	DET
ajema-7935	53	40	results	result	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	41	confirm	confirm	VERB
ajema-7935	53	42	that	that	SCONJ
ajema-7935	53	43	while	while	SCONJ
ajema-7935	53	44	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	53	45	technical	technical	ADJ
ajema-7935	53	46	potential	potential	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	47	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	53	48	train	train	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	49	operation	operation	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	50	optimization	optimization	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	51	is	be	AUX
ajema-7935	53	52	significant	significant	ADJ
ajema-7935	53	53	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	53	54	system	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	55	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	53	56	wide	wide	ADJ
ajema-7935	53	57	integration	integration	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	58	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	53	59	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	60	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	53	61	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	53	62	human	human	ADJ
ajema-7935	53	63	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	53	64	machine	machine	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	65	coordination	coordination	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	66	are	be	AUX
ajema-7935	53	67	essential	essential	ADJ
ajema-7935	53	68	for	for	ADP
ajema-7935	53	69	achieving	achieve	VERB
ajema-7935	53	70	its	its	PRON
ajema-7935	53	71	full	full	ADJ
ajema-7935	53	72	benefits	benefit	NOUN
ajema-7935	53	73	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	54	1	eliminating	eliminate	VERB
ajema-7935	54	2	existing	exist	VERB
ajema-7935	54	3	shortcomings	shortcoming	NOUN
ajema-7935	54	4	requires	require	VERB
ajema-7935	54	5	a	a	DET
ajema-7935	54	6	multi	multi	ADJ
ajema-7935	54	7	-	-	ADJ
ajema-7935	54	8	disciplinary	disciplinary	ADJ
ajema-7935	54	9	approach	approach	NOUN
ajema-7935	54	10	combining	combine	VERB
ajema-7935	54	11	engineering	engineering	NOUN
ajema-7935	54	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	54	13	operations	operation	NOUN
ajema-7935	54	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	54	15	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	54	16	digital	digital	ADJ
ajema-7935	54	17	transformation	transformation	NOUN
ajema-7935	54	18	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	55	1	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
ajema-7935	55	2	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	55	3	optimization	optimization	NOUN
ajema-7935	55	4	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	55	5	train	train	NOUN
ajema-7935	55	6	operating	operating	NOUN
ajema-7935	55	7	modes	mode	NOUN
ajema-7935	55	8	plays	play	VERB
ajema-7935	55	9	a	a	DET
ajema-7935	55	10	crucial	crucial	ADJ
ajema-7935	55	11	role	role	NOUN
ajema-7935	55	12	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	55	13	improving	improve	VERB
ajema-7935	55	14	energy	energy	NOUN
ajema-7935	55	15	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
ajema-7935	55	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	55	17	operational	operational	ADJ
ajema-7935	55	18	reliability	reliability	NOUN
ajema-7935	55	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	55	20	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	55	21	environmental	environmental	ADJ
ajema-7935	55	22	sustainability	sustainability	NOUN
ajema-7935	55	23	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	55	24	modern	modern	ADJ
ajema-7935	55	25	railway	railway	NOUN
ajema-7935	55	26	systems	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	55	27	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	56	1	however	however	ADV
ajema-7935	56	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	56	3	this	this	DET
ajema-7935	56	4	study	study	NOUN
ajema-7935	56	5	highlights	highlight	VERB
ajema-7935	56	6	that	that	SCONJ
ajema-7935	56	7	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	56	8	full	full	ADJ
ajema-7935	56	9	benefits	benefit	NOUN
ajema-7935	56	10	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	56	11	optimization	optimization	NOUN
ajema-7935	56	12	are	be	AUX
ajema-7935	56	13	often	often	ADV
ajema-7935	56	14	undermined	undermine	VERB
ajema-7935	56	15	by	by	ADP
ajema-7935	56	16	a	a	DET
ajema-7935	56	17	range	range	NOUN
ajema-7935	56	18	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	56	19	persistent	persistent	ADJ
ajema-7935	56	20	problems	problem	NOUN
ajema-7935	56	21	—	—	PUNCT
ajema-7935	56	22	technological	technological	ADJ
ajema-7935	56	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	56	24	operational	operational	ADJ
ajema-7935	56	25	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	56	26	infrastructural	infrastructural	ADJ
ajema-7935	56	27	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	56	28	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	56	29	algorithmic	algorithmic	ADJ
ajema-7935	56	30	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	57	1	key	key	ADJ
ajema-7935	57	2	findings	finding	NOUN
ajema-7935	57	3	reveal	reveal	VERB
ajema-7935	57	4	that	that	SCONJ
ajema-7935	57	5	data	data	NOUN
ajema-7935	57	6	latency	latency	NOUN
ajema-7935	57	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	57	8	outdated	outdated	ADJ
ajema-7935	57	9	hardware	hardware	NOUN
ajema-7935	57	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	57	11	weak	weak	ADJ
ajema-7935	57	12	integration	integration	NOUN
ajema-7935	57	13	between	between	ADP
ajema-7935	57	14	control	control	NOUN
ajema-7935	57	15	systems	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	57	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	57	17	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	57	18	a	a	DET
ajema-7935	57	19	lack	lack	NOUN
ajema-7935	57	20	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	57	21	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
ajema-7935	57	22	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	57	23	multi	multi	ADJ
ajema-7935	57	24	-	-	ADJ
ajema-7935	57	25	objective	objective	ADJ
ajema-7935	57	26	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
ajema-7935	57	27	are	be	AUX
ajema-7935	57	28	common	common	ADJ
ajema-7935	57	29	barriers	barrier	NOUN
ajema-7935	57	30	to	to	PART
ajema-7935	57	31	effective	effective	ADJ
ajema-7935	57	32	70	70	NUM
ajema-7935	57	33	a	a	DET
ajema-7935	57	34	journal	journal	NOUN
ajema-7935	57	35	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	57	36	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	57	37	american	american	PROPN
ajema-7935	57	38	journal	journal	PROPN
ajema-7935	57	39	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	57	40	engineering	engineering	NOUN
ajema-7935	57	41	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	57	42	mechanics	mechanic	NOUN
ajema-7935	57	43	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	57	44	architecture	architecture	NOUN
ajema-7935	57	45	www	www	NOUN
ajema-7935	57	46	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	58	1	grnjournal.us	grnjournal.us	X
ajema-7935	58	2	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ajema-7935	58	3	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	59	1	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	59	2	addition	addition	NOUN
ajema-7935	59	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	59	4	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
ajema-7935	59	5	coordination	coordination	NOUN
ajema-7935	59	6	between	between	ADP
ajema-7935	59	7	human	human	ADJ
ajema-7935	59	8	operators	operator	NOUN
ajema-7935	59	9	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	59	10	automated	automate	VERB
ajema-7935	59	11	systems	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	59	12	continues	continue	VERB
ajema-7935	59	13	to	to	PART
ajema-7935	59	14	result	result	VERB
ajema-7935	59	15	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	59	16	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
ajema-7935	59	17	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	59	18	inconsistent	inconsistent	ADJ
ajema-7935	59	19	performance	performance	NOUN
ajema-7935	59	20	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	60	1	to	to	PART
ajema-7935	60	2	address	address	VERB
ajema-7935	60	3	these	these	DET
ajema-7935	60	4	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	60	6	a	a	DET
ajema-7935	60	7	combination	combination	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	8	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	60	9	solutions	solution	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	10	is	be	AUX
ajema-7935	60	11	recommended	recommend	VERB
ajema-7935	60	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	60	13	including	include	VERB
ajema-7935	60	14	:	:	PUNCT
ajema-7935	60	15	•	•	NUM
ajema-7935	60	16	upgrading	upgrading	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	17	to	to	ADP
ajema-7935	60	18	real	real	ADJ
ajema-7935	60	19	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	60	20	time	time	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	21	sensor	sensor	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	22	networks	network	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	23	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	60	24	edge	edge	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	25	computing	computing	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	26	devices	device	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	27	•	•	ADV
ajema-7935	60	28	implementing	implement	VERB
ajema-7935	60	29	predictive	predictive	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	30	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	60	31	ai	ai	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	32	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	60	33	based	base	VERB
ajema-7935	60	34	control	control	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	35	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	36	•	•	ADV
ajema-7935	60	37	retrofitting	retrofit	VERB
ajema-7935	60	38	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	39	with	with	ADP
ajema-7935	60	40	modular	modular	ADJ
ajema-7935	60	41	digital	digital	ADJ
ajema-7935	60	42	enhancements	enhancement	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	43	•	•	ADV
ajema-7935	60	44	fostering	foster	VERB
ajema-7935	60	45	better	well	ADJ
ajema-7935	60	46	human	human	ADJ
ajema-7935	60	47	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	60	48	machine	machine	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	49	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	50	through	through	ADP
ajema-7935	60	51	training	training	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	52	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	60	53	interface	interface	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	54	design	design	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	55	•	•	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	56	enabling	enable	VERB
ajema-7935	60	57	seamless	seamless	ADJ
ajema-7935	60	58	data	data	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	59	integration	integration	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	60	across	across	ADP
ajema-7935	60	61	platforms	platform	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	62	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	60	63	departments	department	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	64	by	by	ADP
ajema-7935	60	65	systematically	systematically	ADV
ajema-7935	60	66	eliminating	eliminate	VERB
ajema-7935	60	67	these	these	DET
ajema-7935	60	68	shortcomings	shortcoming	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	69	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	60	70	railway	railway	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	71	operators	operator	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	72	can	can	AUX
ajema-7935	60	73	unlock	unlock	VERB
ajema-7935	60	74	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	60	75	full	full	ADJ
ajema-7935	60	76	potential	potential	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	77	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	60	78	optimized	optimize	VERB
ajema-7935	60	79	train	train	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	80	operations	operation	NOUN
ajema-7935	60	81	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	61	1	this	this	PRON
ajema-7935	61	2	will	will	AUX
ajema-7935	61	3	not	not	PART
ajema-7935	61	4	only	only	ADV
ajema-7935	61	5	reduce	reduce	VERB
ajema-7935	61	6	energy	energy	NOUN
ajema-7935	61	7	consumption	consumption	NOUN
ajema-7935	61	8	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	61	9	improve	improve	VERB
ajema-7935	61	10	schedule	schedule	NOUN
ajema-7935	61	11	adherence	adherence	NOUN
ajema-7935	61	12	but	but	CCONJ
ajema-7935	61	13	also	also	ADV
ajema-7935	61	14	enhance	enhance	VERB
ajema-7935	61	15	passenger	passenger	NOUN
ajema-7935	61	16	experience	experience	NOUN
ajema-7935	61	17	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	61	18	position	position	NOUN
ajema-7935	61	19	railway	railway	NOUN
ajema-7935	61	20	systems	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	61	21	for	for	ADP
ajema-7935	61	22	long	long	ADJ
ajema-7935	61	23	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	61	24	term	term	NOUN
ajema-7935	61	25	digital	digital	ADJ
ajema-7935	61	26	transformation	transformation	NOUN
ajema-7935	61	27	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	62	1	references	reference	NOUN
ajema-7935	62	2	1	1	NUM
ajema-7935	62	3	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	63	1	zhu	zhu	PROPN
ajema-7935	63	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	63	3	z.	z.	PROPN
ajema-7935	63	4	q.	q.	PROPN
ajema-7935	63	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	63	6	&	&	CCONJ
ajema-7935	63	7	howe	howe	PROPN
ajema-7935	63	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	63	9	d.	d.	PROPN
ajema-7935	63	10	(	(	PUNCT
ajema-7935	63	11	2007	2007	NUM
ajema-7935	63	12	)	)	PUNCT
ajema-7935	63	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	64	1	electrical	electrical	ADJ
ajema-7935	64	2	machines	machine	NOUN
ajema-7935	64	3	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	64	4	drives	drive	NOUN
ajema-7935	64	5	for	for	ADP
ajema-7935	64	6	electric	electric	ADJ
ajema-7935	64	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	64	8	hybrid	hybrid	NOUN
ajema-7935	64	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	64	10	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	64	11	fuel	fuel	NOUN
ajema-7935	64	12	cell	cell	NOUN
ajema-7935	64	13	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
ajema-7935	64	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	65	1	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
ajema-7935	65	2	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	65	3	the	the	DET
ajema-7935	65	4	ieee	ieee	NOUN
ajema-7935	65	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	65	6	95(4	95(4	NOUN
ajema-7935	65	7	)	)	PUNCT
ajema-7935	65	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	65	9	746–765	746–765	NUM
ajema-7935	65	10	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	66	1	https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2007.892490	https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2007.892490	PROPN
ajema-7935	66	2	2	2	NUM
ajema-7935	66	3	.	.	X
ajema-7935	66	4	gerada	gerada	PROPN
ajema-7935	66	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	66	6	c.	c.	PROPN
ajema-7935	66	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	66	8	&	&	CCONJ
ajema-7935	66	9	brown	brown	PROPN
ajema-7935	66	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	66	11	n.	n.	PROPN
ajema-7935	66	12	(	(	PUNCT
ajema-7935	66	13	2012	2012	NUM
ajema-7935	66	14	)	)	PUNCT
ajema-7935	66	15	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	67	1	electric	electric	ADJ
ajema-7935	67	2	machines	machine	NOUN
ajema-7935	67	3	for	for	ADP
ajema-7935	67	4	high	high	ADJ
ajema-7935	67	5	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	67	6	speed	speed	NOUN
ajema-7935	67	7	applications	application	NOUN
ajema-7935	67	8	:	:	PUNCT
ajema-7935	67	9	design	design	NOUN
ajema-7935	67	10	considerations	consideration	NOUN
ajema-7935	67	11	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	67	12	experimental	experimental	ADJ
ajema-7935	67	13	results	result	NOUN
ajema-7935	67	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	68	1	ieee	ieee	NOUN
ajema-7935	68	2	transactions	transaction	NOUN
ajema-7935	68	3	on	on	ADP
ajema-7935	68	4	industrial	industrial	ADJ
ajema-7935	68	5	electronics	electronic	NOUN
ajema-7935	68	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	68	7	59(6	59(6	NUM
ajema-7935	68	8	)	)	PUNCT
ajema-7935	68	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	68	10	2432–2441	2432–2441	NUM
ajema-7935	68	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	69	1	https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2011.2178424	https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2011.2178424	PROPN
ajema-7935	69	2	3	3	NUM
ajema-7935	69	3	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	69	4	ramesh	ramesh	PROPN
ajema-7935	69	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	69	6	a.	a.	PROPN
ajema-7935	69	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	69	8	ciacci	ciacci	PROPN
ajema-7935	69	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	69	10	l.	l.	PROPN
ajema-7935	69	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	69	12	&	&	CCONJ
ajema-7935	69	13	reck	reck	PROPN
ajema-7935	69	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	69	15	b.	b.	PROPN
ajema-7935	69	16	(	(	PUNCT
ajema-7935	69	17	2021	2021	NUM
ajema-7935	69	18	)	)	PUNCT
ajema-7935	69	19	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	70	1	sustainability	sustainability	NOUN
ajema-7935	70	2	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ajema-7935	70	3	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	70	4	electric	electric	ADJ
ajema-7935	70	5	motors	motor	NOUN
ajema-7935	70	6	:	:	PUNCT
ajema-7935	70	7	materials	material	NOUN
ajema-7935	70	8	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	70	9	end	end	NOUN
ajema-7935	70	10	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	70	11	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	70	12	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	70	13	life	life	NOUN
ajema-7935	70	14	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajema-7935	70	15	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	71	1	resources	resource	NOUN
ajema-7935	71	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	71	3	conservation	conservation	NOUN
ajema-7935	71	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	71	5	recycling	recycling	NOUN
ajema-7935	71	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	71	7	170	170	NUM
ajema-7935	71	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	71	9	105614	105614	NUM
ajema-7935	71	10	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	72	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105614	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105614	ADJ
ajema-7935	72	2	4	4	NUM
ajema-7935	72	3	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	73	1	lipo	lipo	NOUN
ajema-7935	73	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	73	3	t.	t.	NOUN
ajema-7935	73	4	a.	a.	NOUN
ajema-7935	73	5	(	(	PUNCT
ajema-7935	73	6	2017	2017	NUM
ajema-7935	73	7	)	)	PUNCT
ajema-7935	73	8	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	74	1	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ajema-7935	74	2	to	to	ADP
ajema-7935	74	3	electric	electric	ADJ
ajema-7935	74	4	machines	machine	NOUN
ajema-7935	74	5	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	74	6	drives	drive	NOUN
ajema-7935	74	7	(	(	PUNCT
ajema-7935	74	8	2nd	2nd	ADJ
ajema-7935	74	9	ed	ed	NOUN
ajema-7935	74	10	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	74	11	)	)	PUNCT
ajema-7935	74	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	75	1	wiley	wiley	PROPN
ajema-7935	75	2	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	76	1	5	5	X
ajema-7935	76	2	.	.	X
ajema-7935	76	3	rahman	rahman	PROPN
ajema-7935	76	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	76	5	m.	m.	NOUN
ajema-7935	76	6	a.	a.	PROPN
ajema-7935	76	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	76	8	haque	haque	PROPN
ajema-7935	76	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	76	10	m.	m.	PROPN
ajema-7935	76	11	e.	e.	PROPN
ajema-7935	76	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	76	13	&	&	CCONJ
ajema-7935	76	14	rahman	rahman	PROPN
ajema-7935	76	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	76	16	m.	m.	PROPN
ajema-7935	76	17	f.	f.	PROPN
ajema-7935	76	18	(	(	PUNCT
ajema-7935	76	19	2020	2020	NUM
ajema-7935	76	20	)	)	PUNCT
ajema-7935	76	21	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	77	1	condition	condition	NOUN
ajema-7935	77	2	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
ajema-7935	77	3	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	77	4	pm	pm	PROPN
ajema-7935	77	5	motors	motor	NOUN
ajema-7935	77	6	using	use	VERB
ajema-7935	77	7	thermal	thermal	ADJ
ajema-7935	77	8	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	77	9	magnetic	magnetic	ADJ
ajema-7935	77	10	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajema-7935	77	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	78	1	ieee	ieee	NOUN
ajema-7935	78	2	transactions	transaction	NOUN
ajema-7935	78	3	on	on	ADP
ajema-7935	78	4	industry	industry	NOUN
ajema-7935	78	5	applications	application	NOUN
ajema-7935	78	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	78	7	56(3	56(3	NOUN
ajema-7935	78	8	)	)	PUNCT
ajema-7935	78	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	78	10	1128–1135	1128–1135	NUM
ajema-7935	78	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	79	1	https://doi.org/10.1109/tia.2020.2964917	https://doi.org/10.1109/tia.2020.2964917	NOUN
ajema-7935	79	2	6	6	NUM
ajema-7935	79	3	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	80	1	venkata	venkata	PROPN
ajema-7935	80	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	80	3	s.	s.	PROPN
ajema-7935	80	4	s.	s.	PROPN
ajema-7935	80	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	80	6	&	&	CCONJ
ajema-7935	80	7	ender	ender	PROPN
ajema-7935	80	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	80	9	d.	d.	PROPN
ajema-7935	80	10	(	(	PUNCT
ajema-7935	80	11	1992	1992	NUM
ajema-7935	80	12	)	)	PUNCT
ajema-7935	80	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	81	1	condition	condition	NOUN
ajema-7935	81	2	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
ajema-7935	81	3	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	81	4	diagnostics	diagnostic	NOUN
ajema-7935	81	5	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	81	6	electrical	electrical	ADJ
ajema-7935	81	7	machines	machine	NOUN
ajema-7935	81	8	—	—	PUNCT
ajema-7935	81	9	a	a	DET
ajema-7935	81	10	review	review	NOUN
ajema-7935	81	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	82	1	ieee	ieee	NOUN
ajema-7935	82	2	transactions	transaction	NOUN
ajema-7935	82	3	on	on	ADP
ajema-7935	82	4	industry	industry	NOUN
ajema-7935	82	5	applications	application	NOUN
ajema-7935	82	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	82	7	26(4	26(4	NUM
ajema-7935	82	8	)	)	PUNCT
ajema-7935	82	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	82	10	742–748	742–748	NUM
ajema-7935	82	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	82	12	https://doi.org/10.1109/28.144197	https://doi.org/10.1109/28.144197	PROPN
ajema-7935	83	1	7	7	NUM
ajema-7935	83	2	.	.	X
ajema-7935	83	3	ceban	ceban	PROPN
ajema-7935	83	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	83	5	a.	a.	NOUN
ajema-7935	83	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	83	7	pusca	pusca	PROPN
ajema-7935	83	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	83	9	r.	r.	PROPN
ajema-7935	83	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	83	11	&	&	CCONJ
ajema-7935	83	12	roman	roman	PROPN
ajema-7935	83	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	83	14	t.	t.	PROPN
ajema-7935	83	15	(	(	PUNCT
ajema-7935	83	16	2014	2014	NUM
ajema-7935	83	17	)	)	PUNCT
ajema-7935	83	18	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	84	1	fault	fault	VERB
ajema-7935	84	2	detection	detection	NOUN
ajema-7935	84	3	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	84	4	diagnosis	diagnosis	NOUN
ajema-7935	84	5	in	in	ADP
ajema-7935	84	6	induction	induction	NOUN
ajema-7935	84	7	motors	motor	NOUN
ajema-7935	84	8	using	use	VERB
ajema-7935	84	9	analytical	analytical	ADJ
ajema-7935	84	10	redundancy	redundancy	NOUN
ajema-7935	84	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	85	1	international	international	ADJ
ajema-7935	85	2	journal	journal	NOUN
ajema-7935	85	3	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	85	4	electrical	electrical	ADJ
ajema-7935	85	5	power	power	NOUN
ajema-7935	85	6	&	&	CCONJ
ajema-7935	85	7	energy	energy	NOUN
ajema-7935	85	8	systems	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	85	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	85	10	61	61	NUM
ajema-7935	85	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	85	12	106–113	106–113	NUM
ajema-7935	85	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	86	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.03.022	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.03.022	NOUN
ajema-7935	86	2	8	8	NUM
ajema-7935	86	3	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	86	4	krause	krause	NOUN
ajema-7935	86	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	86	6	p.	p.	PROPN
ajema-7935	86	7	c.	c.	PROPN
ajema-7935	86	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	86	9	wasynczuk	wasynczuk	INTJ
ajema-7935	86	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	86	11	o.	o.	INTJ
ajema-7935	86	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	86	13	&	&	CCONJ
ajema-7935	86	14	sudhoff	sudhoff	PROPN
ajema-7935	86	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	86	16	s.	s.	PROPN
ajema-7935	86	17	d.	d.	PROPN
ajema-7935	86	18	(	(	PUNCT
ajema-7935	86	19	2013	2013	NUM
ajema-7935	86	20	)	)	PUNCT
ajema-7935	86	21	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	87	1	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajema-7935	87	2	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	87	3	electric	electric	ADJ
ajema-7935	87	4	machinery	machinery	NOUN
ajema-7935	87	5	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	87	6	drive	drive	NOUN
ajema-7935	87	7	systems	system	NOUN
ajema-7935	87	8	(	(	PUNCT
ajema-7935	87	9	3rd	3rd	ADJ
ajema-7935	87	10	ed	ed	NOUN
ajema-7935	87	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	87	12	)	)	PUNCT
ajema-7935	87	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	88	1	wiley	wiley	PROPN
ajema-7935	88	2	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	88	3	ieee	ieee	PROPN
ajema-7935	88	4	press	press	NOUN
ajema-7935	88	5	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	89	1	9	9	X
ajema-7935	89	2	.	.	X
ajema-7935	89	3	jang	jang	PROPN
ajema-7935	89	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	89	5	y.	y.	PROPN
ajema-7935	89	6	j.	j.	PROPN
ajema-7935	89	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	89	8	lee	lee	PROPN
ajema-7935	89	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	89	10	s.	s.	PROPN
ajema-7935	89	11	j.	j.	PROPN
ajema-7935	89	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	89	13	&	&	CCONJ
ajema-7935	89	14	kim	kim	PROPN
ajema-7935	89	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	89	16	j.	j.	PROPN
ajema-7935	89	17	(	(	PUNCT
ajema-7935	89	18	2016	2016	NUM
ajema-7935	89	19	)	)	PUNCT
ajema-7935	89	20	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	90	1	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
ajema-7935	90	2	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	90	3	magnetic	magnetic	ADJ
ajema-7935	90	4	flux	flux	NOUN
ajema-7935	90	5	leakage	leakage	NOUN
ajema-7935	90	6	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	90	7	based	base	VERB
ajema-7935	90	8	nondestructive	nondestructive	ADJ
ajema-7935	90	9	testing	testing	NOUN
ajema-7935	90	10	techniques	technique	NOUN
ajema-7935	90	11	for	for	ADP
ajema-7935	90	12	high	high	ADJ
ajema-7935	90	13	-	-	PUNCT
ajema-7935	90	14	speed	speed	NOUN
ajema-7935	90	15	motors	motor	NOUN
ajema-7935	90	16	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	91	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ajema-7935	91	2	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	91	3	magnetics	magnetic	NOUN
ajema-7935	91	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	91	5	21(2	21(2	NUM
ajema-7935	91	6	)	)	PUNCT
ajema-7935	91	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajema-7935	91	8	219	219	NUM
ajema-7935	91	9	–	–	PUNCT
ajema-7935	91	10	226	226	NUM
ajema-7935	91	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	92	1	https://doi.org/10.4283/jmag.2016.21.2.219	https://doi.org/10.4283/jmag.2016.21.2.219	ADJ
ajema-7935	92	2	10	10	NUM
ajema-7935	92	3	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	93	1	ansi	ansi	PROPN
ajema-7935	93	2	/	/	SYM
ajema-7935	93	3	ieee	ieee	PROPN
ajema-7935	93	4	std	std	NOUN
ajema-7935	93	5	43	43	NUM
ajema-7935	93	6	-	-	SYM
ajema-7935	93	7	2000	2000	NUM
ajema-7935	93	8	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	94	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajema-7935	94	2	2000	2000	NUM
ajema-7935	94	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajema-7935	94	4	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	95	1	ieee	ieee	NOUN
ajema-7935	95	2	recommended	recommend	VERB
ajema-7935	95	3	practice	practice	NOUN
ajema-7935	95	4	for	for	ADP
ajema-7935	95	5	testing	test	VERB
ajema-7935	95	6	insulation	insulation	NOUN
ajema-7935	95	7	resistance	resistance	NOUN
ajema-7935	95	8	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	95	9	rotating	rotate	VERB
ajema-7935	95	10	machinery	machinery	NOUN
ajema-7935	95	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajema-7935	96	1	institute	institute	PROPN
ajema-7935	96	2	of	of	ADP
ajema-7935	96	3	electrical	electrical	ADJ
ajema-7935	96	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajema-7935	96	5	electronics	electronic	NOUN
ajema-7935	96	6	engineers	engineer	NOUN
ajema-7935	96	7	.	.	PUNCT