176 A journal of the AMERICAN Journal of Engineering, Mechanics and Architecture www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Engineering, Mechanics and Architecture Volume 01, Issue 10, 2023 ISSN (E): 2993-2637 Design of Small Architectural Forms Used in Urban Environments and Residential Parts of Tourist Neighborhoods Daminova Umida Olimovna Tashkent University of Architecture and Construction, Uzbekistan Abstract: The article aims to create a comfortable and harmonious urban environment by applying nationalism and increasing the artistry of small architectural forms (water elements, seats, garbage cans, umbrellas, parking spaces, lighting, fences) in the environment design of tourist neighborhoods. The variety of buildings, artistic and aesthetic qualities, creation of proportional parts of the city, problems of touristic intersections and integral connection of streets, artificial and natural recreation areas and water areas were considered. Keywords: urban environment, small architectural forms, city, urban design, landscaping, accommodation. A touristic urban environment is a unique complex functional environment of interconnected parts of the city, in which streets, squares, intersections and buildings are interconnected in the same way and in design. The systematic historical structure of the city includes a large number of elements: from landscaping and urban equipment to decorative works of historical monumental art.[1] In a tourist city, the compositional structure is clearly visible, like any work of art. One of the main goals of exterior landscaping is to increase the diversity, artistic expressiveness and aesthetic qualities of historical buildings and open green spaces. The architectural design of tourist towns and squares, the transport network of streets, stairs and ramps, terraces add originality and artistry to the urban environment. .[2] I would like to invite you to Olcha street, behind Hazrati Imam complex located on Tashkent Zarqaynar Street, one of the historical cities that offers a little idea of Misal tariqa (Figure 1) And one of such historical neighborhoods is the street in Chigatoy neighborhood. In our city, it is necessary to propose an artistic solution for such historical places and tourism, using small memorials as elements that promote nationalism. 177 A journal of the AMERICAN Journal of Engineering, Mechanics and Architecture www. grnjournal.us Figure 1. one of the historical cities of Tashkent, Olcha Street, behind Hazrati Imam Complex, located on Zarqaynar Street Small architectural forms form the spatial environment of the object of the tourist city, to which it is appropriate to introduce a national stylistic feature (Figure. 2) Figure. 2. Application of small memorial figures in the decorative decoration of the landscape of the touristic urban environment. Small memorial forms used in urban planning include: lighting devices, seats, fountains, sheds and farm structures, kiosks and stations, information stands, electric poles and road signs.[3] Small architectural forms that are architectural monuments and objects of landscape architecture for outdoor landscaping can harmonize with the external environment and emphasize the existing environment of the city[4]. The use of small architectural objects is subject to one general idea and national stylistic design and aims to design and form a network of streets, highways, recreation areas and courtyards to demonstrate the uniqueness of natural conditions, national diversity fits. The complex functional environmental system of the tourist historical city environment is a constant study for designers and architects and is a design object. Today, the problem of organizing the spatial social infrastructure of the national environment for touristic 178 A journal of the AMERICAN Journal of Engineering, Mechanics and Architecture www. grnjournal.us historical cities of Uzbekistan is urgent. There is a need to develop more natural recreation areas in the area of the touristic historical city environment. it is characteristic to pay attention to forms of activity and communication that reflect nationality.[5] Attention to forms of activity and social relations that reflect nationality is a characteristic feature of the socio-cultural activity of the population of a large city. This is reflected in the development of the surrounding urban environment in their daily life. This, in turn, significantly changes the design functions of the historical city environment (Figure. 3) Figure 3. National design solution of historic urban environment. Systematic understanding of the processes of globalization, informatization, virtualization of the urban environment, as well as the nationalization of the historical urban environment from the point of view of architecture and design, requires a more careful approach to the problems of man and society. Today, this article is relevant due to the fact that the design and use of small architectural forms in the practice of forming national design in the historical city environment has not been sufficiently studied from a theoretical and practical point of view. The purpose of this article is to determine the styles that reflect nationalism, looking at the history of designing in the urban environment, to study the theoretical and practical principles of designing and using small architectural forms in the tourist historical neighborhoods of the urban environment. Small architectural forms used in landscape design. As the main elements of decorative decoration of the landscape in the historical memorial residential areas of the city - statues, arches, decorative mills, wells, ponds, fountains, lamps, etc. are used. (Figure. 4) 179 A journal of the AMERICAN Journal of Engineering, Mechanics and Architecture www. grnjournal.us Figure 4. Use of small memorial forms in the decorative decoration of the landscape of the touristic urban environment. Small memorial figures, trees and bushes are decorated with sculptural samples in the urban environment and in the historical memorial residential areas. Such sculptural examples reflect the historicity of the city, turning its streets into avenues, where a statue or some small memorial form takes its place according to the plan of the architect or sculptor. In this case, Peyzaj memorial ensembles are organized In addition to decorative decorations, sculptures and compositions in the urban environment and historical memorial residential areas, water elements of gardens or ponds, parterres are a unique reflection of culture. Depending on what equipment is used, fountains can be, first of all, national, color-dynamic, static, in position. In addition, in historical areas, it is appropriate to use small architectural forms as follows: an architectural object where lights are placed at important points in the composition. Pergolas and pavilions are placed near stone islands, small pines, etc. in the most expressive places. Bridges have more complex shapes, they can be curved (zigzag) or semicircular. In places where you can hide from rain and hail, you can use bridges, stones, bushes, lights to create a composite walkway. the seats fill the sidewalks, so it should be comfortable and sturdy, but at the same time, small memorials add a historic urban atmosphere to the overall design it can be mobile in harmony. Functionally arranged seats always create a great atmosphere for relaxing and socializing together. A big benefit for the city is the construction of single-story parking lots, which are actually very complex structures, as they require ventilation, protection from groundwater, etc. But it is more convenient when there is a small street kitchen in such parking places. Gas stations designed in the 1920s also often provide complex services: most gas stations have convenience stores, restaurants, car washes, ATMs, and more. If used, it is appropriate to design (Figure.5) Figure 5 is a project proposal for small memorial images using our national decorations. Equipment for playgrounds creates conditions for attractive and active recreation. Children's playgrounds are divided into two main types: home and street. Also by age categories: for small children, labyrinths, sandboxes, swings; for adults - sports equipment based on the classification of movement groups: rotation, swing, balance, etc. Materials for the production of such complexes are diverse: wood, plastic, stainless steel, etc. Children's playgrounds should, first of all, be safe: less metal constructions are multifunctional (development of physical and intellectual, creative abilities); all kinds - sports equipment, swings, play castles and cars, etc.; their national design should be skillful, aesthetic, attractive, organically combined, but harmonious thanks to bright objects. One of the elements that enrich the urban environment is the time indicator: this element in the form of a large clock is becoming traditional again. As a measure of time in the vital space of cities, such clocks began to spread around the 13th century. A striking example of such a mechanical miracle, which also implemented astronomical time in the Middle Ages, is the clock tower on Amir Temur Avenue. 180 A journal of the AMERICAN Journal of Engineering, Mechanics and Architecture www. grnjournal.us In conclusion, the formation of the touristic city environment and the historical memorial residential areas is the use of constantly developing methods in city planning in harmony with nationalism. One of the main rules to consider is the effect of these rules on the overall historical and national aesthetics and functionality of the city. While these rules can be useful in guiding the development of historic buildings and public spaces, it is also important to ensure that they do not stifle creativity or stop the promotion of nationalism. Another important factor to consider when examining this trend is the role of the public in rulemaking. By striking a balance between the need for regulated development and the importance of the public, the Urban Environment and Historic Monument Regulations can be an effective tool for creating vibrant and touristic cities for all residents. Books 1. The paradox of atmosphere: Tourism, heritage, and urban liveability☆ Daniel Paiva Centre of Geographical Studies, Institute of Geography and Spatial Planning, Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Branca Edmée Marques, 1600-276 Lisboa, Portugal 2023. 2. The Impact of Local Green Spaces of Historically and Culturally Valuable Residential Areas on Place Attachment Fatemeh Hosseini, Hassan Sajadzadeh, Farshid Aram, Amir Mosavi. 2021 3. Architectural Implementation of the Concept of the Tourist Brand of RussiaТекст научной статьи по специальности «Строительство и архитектура» Gorgorova Yulia V. 4. THE ARCHITECTURE OF HISTORICAL MONUMENTS OF KARMANA CITYТекст научной статьи по специальности «История и археология» A. Abdullaev G. Karimova 2023. 5. 1.М.З. Эркинович. A.Z. Himmatovich, D.U. Olimovna, S.U. Ziyodullayevna. “Landscape Solutions for Automobile Ways of Environment” \\ International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Engineering and … 6. S Elmurodov, Z Matniyazov, D Tajibaeva, I Jabborova Principles of Using Mobile Shopping Facilities in Historical City Environment (On the example of Bukhara) \\ Journal of Architectural Design 13, 14-20