309 Journal of Engineering, Mechanics and Architecture www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Engineering, Mechanics and Architecture Volume 02, Issue 10, 2024 ISSN (E): 2993-2637 Types and Normative Rules of the Architecture of General Education School Buildings Khudayberdieva Odina Saidirasul-kizi National named after Kamoliddin Behzod Institute of Art and Design 1st stage graduate student Abstract: Today, many measures are being taken to improve the quality of education in our country. In particular, the practical work carried out in the buildings of the general education school finds its expression. This article talks about the shortcomings, problems and achievements of the interiors of general education school buildings in the years of Soviet colonialism and independence in Uzbekistan. Key words: comprehensive school, modern education, educational buildings, classroom, school buildings, architectural solutions of buildings, standard schools General educational institutions are educational institutions that provide education to students, ensure their development as perfect human beings in all aspects, and engage in aesthetic education. From the first days of his presidency, the head of our state has been paying great attention to the issues of raising creative and innovative thinking, patriotic youth in our country, and for this purpose, improving the education system. In particular, many meetings are being held to eliminate deficiencies and problems in secondary schools. According to Article 50 of Chapter IX (Economic, social, cultural and environmental rights) of the newly revised Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan: The state creates conditions for the development of preschool education and upbringing. The state guarantees free general secondary education and primary professional education. General secondary education is compulsory. Pre-school education and upbringing, general secondary education are under state control.[1] Resolution No. 832 of the Cabinet of Ministers dated 31.12.2020 "On the approval of the regulation on the procedure for the development of projects based on the requirements of the 310 Journal of Engineering, Mechanics and Architecture www. grnjournal.us "Modern School" and the control of construction and installation works in general secondary educational institutions" was adopted.[2] During the former union, many schools were built in the territory of our republic. They were divided into 3 groups according to the volume-spatial composite solution. 1. Linear; 2. Centralized; 3. Blocky (Fig. 1). [3] Picture 1 Linear composition can be expressed in several ways: H-shaped, T-shaped, P-shaped, etc. This composition is very compact and simple in design. It also has its drawbacks. It is difficult to overcome the corridor nature in these types of schools. Linear composition is suitable for relatively small (up to 20 classes) schools located in a quiet area. This option ensures the isolation of students in accordance with their age and the same period in the creation of recreation areas. (Figure 2) [4] Picture 2. Linear composition The centralized compositional scheme is characterized by the placement of groups of rooms around an open courtyard intended for recreation during breaks and various school ceremonies. This composition is also very convenient for a large school capacity. The "circularity" of horizontal communications creates a convenient connection between buildings, which is important for the classroom teaching system. (Figure 3) 311 Journal of Engineering, Mechanics and Architecture www. grnjournal.us Picture 3. Centralized (perimeter) composition. Block composition has flexibility. That is, it can be presented in many options. The block solution allows changing the composition of school buildings according to local conditions without disturbing the typical design of the blocks. (Figure 4) Picture 4. Block type school In this composition, school buildings are connected to each other by a passageway or consist of adjacent functional blocks. In the first option, it is possible to isolate students according to their age. That is, it is possible to have separate floors of primary and upper classes. It is appropriate to build four-story schools in city centers or narrow areas. In block or centralized compositions, the exterior design and floors may vary, and it is desirable to reduce the number of floors for lower class blocks. In linear composition, it is not possible to have different number of layers. [5] 312 Journal of Engineering, Mechanics and Architecture www. grnjournal.us The height of the floors of the school building should be 3.3 m. The height of the meeting rooms is taken according to the technological requirements and should be equal to the height of the sports hall according to the rule. [6] In general, the architecture of the school building, despite the complexity of its planning structure, should be organically connected with the simple, natural environment. Each element must correspond to its functional purpose, design solution and the role it plays in the architecture of the building. The main part of the external appearance of the school buildings is the external walls, the solution of which depends on the material and the level of providing the buildings with the necessary light. Also, the contrast of the surfaces, the rhythm and patterns of the window panes, the texture and color of the surfaces are a means of achieving the artistic expressiveness of school buildings. The main emphasis in the composition is the entrance, the wall of which, unlike the flat walls of the classroom, can be designed more freely and voluminously. It is important to use monumental and practical works of art to create the artistic image of the school, and to form the artistic perception of children. General education school for the 33rd grade (block option) In the composition of the school building, its interior design is of great importance. The shape and color of the lobby, lobby, recreation areas, hall of activists and corridors, lighting of classrooms and harmony with nature are the basis of interior design. Color, structure of finishing materials, lighting devices, furniture and other equipment play an important role in creating the interior environment of the school. Correct application of color is very important. In rooms intended for a short stay (lounges, lobby, dining room), the color scheme can be bright and impressive. In long-term buildings, especially in rooms intended for classrooms, it is advisable to use light and subdued colors. General education school for 36 classes (block option) 313 Journal of Engineering, Mechanics and Architecture www. grnjournal.us In conclusion, during the Soviet Union, several types of standard schools were built in our country. They had their own advantages and disadvantages. Even today, students are studying in these institutions in our country. Taking into account the shortcomings of these schools, several new schools have been established in recent years. I believe that those schools were well built and educated a large number of students. Defects in buildings should be eliminated and an innovative approach to their design should be taken. References: 1. O’zbekiston Respublikasi yangi tahrirdagi konstitutsiyasi 2. www.oriens .uz 3. http://stroy-spravka.ru/article/kompozitsiya-shkolnykh-zdanii-i-ikh-interer 4. Композиция школьных здании и их интерьер 5. Sh. X. 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