8 A journal of the AMERICAN Journal of Engineering, Mechanics and Architecture www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Engineering, Mechanics and Architecture Volume 01, Issue 05, 2023 ISSN (E): 2993-2637 PROSPECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF HISTORICAL CITY CENTERS Kamalova Dilnoza Zayniddinovna acting professor, Samarkand State University of Architecture and Construction Murotkulova Guliniso 201 - Architecture student, Samarkand State University of Architecture and Construction Abstract This article presents socio-economic aspects of the reconstruction of existing historical urban massifs, as well as issues of formation and organization of modern tourist centers, expansion and development of their structure. Keywords - Modern tourism, social, socio-economic importance, development, cultural, spirituality, neighborhood, city. INTRODUCTION The rapid process of activation of historical cities, which play the role of organizational economic and administrative-cultural centers in the tourism system, is carried out with the increase of the total volume of construction in the historical centers where the main part of the monuments are collected. The formation and organization of modern tourist centers is carried out by expanding their content, developing their structure, increasing architectural expressiveness, changing historically formed centers and mastering the areas adjacent to them. In this case, architects-town planners have the task of actively using all historically valuable elements and preserving them, creating a harmonious unity of ancient and newly constructed structures from a historically created structure to a modern one. The difficulty of solving this task is that in the center of historical cities, the height of buildings usually does not exceed 1-2 floors, while modern construction is mainly focused on high-rise and large-sized buildings.[1] Material and Methods. In recent years, state, social and scientific organizations have addressed this issue, special international conferences, negotiations, and symposia have been held, testifying to the urgency of the problem. In the works of scientific research institutes, special importance is attached to such issues as an important part of various complex topics. General methods of restoration of historical city centers, guidelines for the historical solution and construction of historical city centers, methods of considering architectural monuments in restoration, protection of historical and cultural monuments in historical cities, recommendations for preserving the structure of planning solutions with historical value have been developed.[2] Currently, work is being done to develop ways of reviving the historical city centers of Uzbekistan, the architectural monuments located there, by preserving and using them for modern purposes. The leading scientists of the "History and Theory of Architecture" department at the Tashkent Institute of Architecture and Construction are participating in it. http://www/ 9 A journal of the AMERICAN Journal of Engineering, Mechanics and Architecture www. grnjournal.us Historical cities are classified according to their age, development, characteristics, natural, social and economic conditions, according to the value category of architectural monuments, as well as according to a number of other characteristics, and at the same time, they require a comprehensive approach, their restore centers. Classification of cities according to one or more characteristics can be the basis for this. The future development of the centers of historical cities and the main methods of preservation of cultural heritage in them are determined on the one hand by their historical-archaeological, architectural-artistic and urban planning value, and on the other hand by modern economic opportunities in the development of tourism. Three main categories of historical cities can be distinguished: - historical cities with well-preserved architectural and architectural structure, favorable natural climate, less developed economic base, but need to be preserved as monuments of urban planning, with valuable cultural monuments, reserve-cities developed for recreation and tourism; - historical cities with valuable monuments, which have preserved their ancient core, that is, their historical structure, but are developing as multi-purpose centers of administrative, cultural, industrial and transport importance with significant economic potential; - historical cities with monuments of history and culture in active development with the renovation of reconstructed and historically formed parts, preservation of valuable monuments and creation of clear conditions for comfortable viewing.[2] Since taking into account the modern conditions of the historical city development is subordinate to the historical-artistic value of the historical-urban planning heritage, in this classification new types of cities are not distinguished, unlike the grouping that takes into account only one sign - the heritage value. However, despite the conditionality of this classification, which shows only the common relations of several signs of historical cities, it shows an attempt to comprehensively take into account the set of factors influencing the fate of historical cities of Uzbekistan. At present, special importance is attached to the identification, study and evaluation of special signs of historical value of cities with their advantages of historical-artistic and urban development value. Therefore, the method of determining the value of the historical complexes of the city is interesting. For an objective assessment of the complex spatial structure, first of all, it is necessary to individually assess the components of the historical center of the city based on the developed system of criteria, namely: - historical, volume-spatial environment and stability of the elements of the architectural- planning structure; - artistic value of individual objects or their complexes; - architectural-artistic and aesthetic values of complexes; - manifestation of the complex as a material document, stages of development of urban spatial forms; - uniqueness or majesty of the complex at the scale of the historical center or city; - the value of historical traditions related to the republic; - determination of the protection zone, special order zones and zones of strict regulation of constructions around the architectural monuments.[3] Conclusion. These criteria are not equally important, their impact on the overall assessment is different. Therefore, it is necessary to create a system that allows defining separate criteria for classification and comparing them with each other. In addition, at each criterion boundary, an additional consistency is carried out in the form of a numerical assessment, which defines the boundaries of the protection zone, depending on the degree to which the structure (system) under http://www/ 10 A journal of the AMERICAN Journal of Engineering, Mechanics and Architecture www. grnjournal.us investigation should meet its requirements. A perfect classification begins after the preliminary research, which first defines the boundaries of the historically valuable areas of the urban space. It is proposed to evaluate the level of preservation of the historical space by elements, taking into account residential buildings and public buildings with special architectural solutions. Because the changes in the spatial settlement of the city center are very different, they can be divided into those that destroy the ancient settlement, those that are indifferent, and those that enrich it. LITERATURE: 1. Lavrov V.A. Central Asian culture of urban planning. M., 1950. 2. D.A. Nozilov "People's Architecture". Tashkent. Science, 1982. 3. D.A. Nozilov. "Symbolic customs related to the room in the architecture of Central Asia". Vestnik. News. Tashkent, 2002. Issue 4. 4. Gayratovna, I. D., & Lola, K. (2022). SAMARKAND HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE OF HISTORIC COURTYARD HOUSES. http://www/