AMERICAN Journal of Engineering, Mechanics and Architecture Volume 02, Issue 06, 2024 ISSN (E): 2993-2637 181 Journal of Engineering, Mechanics and Architecture www. grnjournal.us PROBLEMS OF FORMING INDEPENDENT AND CRITICAL THINKING IN STUDENTS IN TEACHING IRRIGATION SCIENCES Shonazarov Jonibek Karshi irrigation and agrotechnology institute teacher Bobojonov Nurimon, Maxmiyev Afro’zbek Karshi irrigation and agrotechnology institute student nurimonbobojonov@gmail.com Abstract: It is known that those who will realize the goals of the society in the future are young people, that is, tomorrow's specialists, current students. Therefore, the future of the society depends to a large extent on their intellectual and moral maturity. Problems of forming the activity of independent thinking, methods of getting out of the set problem. If criticality in the learner's thinking is rationally, fairly, and effectively implemented, it becomes an important intellectual and moral quality (character) for the individual. Key words: Education, independent thought, learner, problem, internet Introduction: Today, the world community is undergoing multifaceted changes in all spheres of life, which, in turn, requires a new approach to the formation of a future professional. Changes in the field of educational goals in our country, as in the whole world, correspond to global issues aimed at ensuring the entry of a person into the social world. In particular, in the documents of the improvement of the educational system, the competent approach is announced as an important conceptual condition for updating the content of education. In order to implement a competent approach in the educational system, it is necessary to train and retrain information technology personnel who will have the ability to apply their basic competence in real life and professional practice. "What bothers you about me?" If you ask, I would answer that it is the education of our children," said President Shavkat Mirziyov. The circumstances that determine the quality of education related to the educational process in higher educational institutions in the field of agriculture are as follows: teaching at a high scientific and pedagogical level, conducting problem lectures, interesting organization of lessons in the form of questions and answers , the use of advanced pedagogical technologies and multimedia guides, putting before them problems that motivate and make students think, demand, individual work with students, encouraging creativity, teaching free communication, creative thinking, engaging in scientific research and other activities provide priority to education. The history of the development of the society shows that only in the country where spirituality and enlightenment are widespread, science and tradition are developed, it is possible to build a fair society and to form mature people who are kind to each other. Problem: In the student's educational activity, a tightly interconnected closed chain of thinking is formed: independent thinking, problem, problem (assignment). Independent thinking of the learner can be contained in the following stages. 1. In the activity of independent thinking, first of all, the problem (task) that needs to be solved should be determined by the learner. If no issue or problem has arisen before him, then he does AMERICAN Journal of Engineering, Mechanics and Architecture Volume 02, Issue 06, 2024 ISSN (E): 2993-2637 182 Journal of Engineering, Mechanics and Architecture www. grnjournal.us not even think about anything. So, no problem has arisen in front of the learner, as long as he has clear and complete information about the problem that needs to be solved, the more easily he will find ways and means for its rational implementation. For this, it is absolutely necessary for learners to first understand the content of the given problem to a certain extent, to check its condition, to determine what is known and what is unknown. Only then, they will not be in a hurry, and without hesitation, they will find the condition (assignment), intelligently analyze it, and achieve the correct solution as a result of implementation. 2. They strive to apply all the knowledge (rules, factors, laws, properties, characteristics, important signs, relationships, connections, etc.) that are most necessary to solve a problem or issue. For this purpose, the process of transfer to a new environment and object is carried out using the situations and methods encountered in the learner's personal experience. 3. A hypothesis (assumption) related to the issue or problem is put forward, stages are analyzed, considerations are made about the solution, opinions are expressed about various options and variations, invariants, they are separated into the most effective symptoms, signs, etc. as a result of their mutual comparison. 4. It is necessary to check the hypothesis put to the problem with the help of the result of certain criteria. In order to check it, the cases of mutual similarity are compared from a spiritual, formal, and structural point of view. In this place, the materials of creative imagination are extensively used, that is, creation of creative plans, creation of generalized images, visualization of goals and results, perception of approximate relationships is carried out. To make sure that it is correct, the mental behavior system is applied and clarified with the intention of introducing some changes. The hypothesis is mentally analyzed and synthesized using logical methods, its important symptoms are distinguished, quick judgments and conclusions are made regarding its correctness and veracity. 5. If it is determined that the hypothesis put forward to theoretically solve the problem is correct or incorrect, it is squeezed out of the object of thinking and new hypotheses and thoughts are found. A new practical hypothesis is tested several times in thought and then recommended for testing in order to put it into practice. Most of the mentioned considerations are analyzed in terms of solving constructive technical issues, creating discoveries, inventive proposals, rationalizing, introducing technological devices, various models, options, preparations, technological cards, etc., and then the most significant of them. the slave, the factor, the intelligent, the most suitable one is chosen and they continue to focus on it. 6. The learner completes the behavior of independent thinking by checking the problem or issue in order to solve it, to solve it, to be confident and satisfied with the correctness of the obtained results. After these mental operations, reasoning forms, the problem (task) is considered to be completely solved, and thinking about it is relatively stopped. The learner's independent thinking may consist of the following stages: - emergence of the problem in the field of the learner's perception; - the learner's understanding of the essence of the issue, problem, assignment; - the creation of information or images similar to them; - reduction of imagination and memory materials, continuous birth of assumptions (hypotheses); - step-by-step verification of assumptions or confirmation of their accuracy; - emergence and improvement of a new assumption (hypothesis); - secondary verification of hypotheses (second confirmation); - finding (solving) a AMERICAN Journal of Engineering, Mechanics and Architecture Volume 02, Issue 06, 2024 ISSN (E): 2993-2637 183 Journal of Engineering, Mechanics and Architecture www. grnjournal.us solution to an issue, assignment, problem; - continuation of involuntary mental behavior (relative duration of thoughts), etc. Result: The criticality of the mind is important in being able to check one's own and other people's opinions, whether these opinions are true or not, and to be able to evaluate the expressed opinions, discussions, and problematic situations. If criticality is rational, based on a certain criterion for the correct disclosure of the essence of the problem to important signs, then such criticality is called objective criticality. Therefore, if the criticality of the learner's thinking turns to subjective (personal) mistakes and subjectivism in general, then it is called subjective criticality. If criticality in the learner's thinking is rationally, fairly, and effectively implemented, it becomes an important intellectual and moral quality (character) for the individual. to establish a system of training of experts in the field of water management, to strengthen the integration between water management organizations and educational and scientific institutions, to take measures to implement scientific achievements into practice[1] Conclusion: Implementation of five initiatives, including complex measures aimed at creating additional conditions for the education of students and youth, including attracting students to culture and art, physical education and sports, improving their literacy in the use of computer and Internet technologies, wide promotion of reading, development of professional skills of male and female students and independent thinking, with its effectiveness, relevance, universality, professional training leads learners to the skill, prepares a thorough basis for understanding natural phenomena and family problems. AMERICAN Journal of Engineering, Mechanics and Architecture Volume 02, Issue 06, 2024 ISSN (E): 2993-2637 184 Journal of Engineering, Mechanics and Architecture www. grnjournal.us Bibliography 1. Ўзбекистон Республикаси олий таълим тизимини 2030 йилгача ривожлантириш концепциясини-2019. 2. О. Файзиев. “Таълим-тарбия соҳасига янгича ёндашув — барқарор тараққиёт гарови” мақоласи- «Халқ сўзи»-2017. 3. Ҳ. Жўраев Бухоро Халқ Совет Республикасида миллий театр ва кино саъати (1920 - 1924йй). ҚарДУ хабарлари. 2019. 1-сон, 48-б. 4. Н.С. Кенжаева Научное изучение Памира в 1923-1928 гг. при участии Материалы международной научно-практической конференции "Социально-экономическое и культурное сотрудничество Таджикистана и Узбекистана: история и современность. 2019. С. 291-295. 5. Тошев, Солежон АҳматжоновичЎзбекистон совет мустамлакачилик даври тарихининг Туркияда ўрганилиши. Ўтмишга назар. 2020. 2(2-махсус сон). 347- 353 6. Мустафоева Д.А. Ихтисослик фан ўқитувчиларининг касбий компетентлигини ривожлантириш. Педагогика фанлари бўйича фалсафа доктори дисссертацияси (PhD). – Т.: 2020. Б. -154 7. Шарипов Ш.С. Ўқувчилар касбий ижодкорлиги узвийлигини таъминлашнинг назарияси ва амалиёти. Пед. фан. докт. дисс. – Т., 2012.–264 б. 8. Lutfullayev A. “Bugungi kun muammosi ijtimoiy tarmoqlarga qaramlik” NamDU ilmiy axborotnomasi-2024.-4-son ,344-346.