1 A journal of the AMERICAN Journal of Engineering, Mechanics and Architecture www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Engineering, Mechanics and Architecture Volume 01, Issue 02, 2023 ISSN (E): ХХХ-ХХХ Significance of the Urbanization Process Today Khamrakulov O. M. Teacher, Samarkand State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering Samarkand city (Uzbekistan) Abstract: In today's period of large-scale socio-economic and geopolitical changes, the growth and development of cities is accelerating, and the role and importance of the extremely complex and vibrant urbanization process in the life of society is increasing and expanding day by day. Therefore, a comprehensive study of this process is not only from a theoretical point of view, but also some regional and global practical issues, including the territorial composition of the population and its scattered, located settlements, and the most important and large-scale task - problems related to improving the territorial organization of society. necessary in solving. Keywords: urbanization, city, demography, city planning, socio-economic, geopolitical changes, problems related to improving the territorial. Urbanization (French urbanization, Eng. urbanizatsyon, Latin urbanus - belonging to the city, urbs - city) is the increasing role of cities in the life of society; related to changes in the location of productive forces, social and demographic structure of use, lifestyle and culture. It is a socio- economic and demographic stage based on historical development and material distribution based on the income generated by production. Its narrower definition of demographic statistics refers to the increase in the number of cities (especially large cities) and the proportion of urban residents in the world, in individual regions, and in countries. Everyone understands the concept of "urbanization" differently, and in some cases, this phrase is associated with cases of housing demolition. In fact, urbanization is a long and comprehensive process, demographic trends, migration process, employment, environmental security, ecology, etc. In general, urbanization is related to land efficiency, urban planning, urban infrastructure development and housing issues, and urban population growth. Early cities mil.av. It appeared in Egypt, Mesopotamia, Syria, India, Asia Minor, China, Indochina, as well as on the Mediterranean coast of Europe and Africa in the 3rd-1st millennia. In the Greco-Roman world, Rome and Carthage had a high position. During the Middle Ages 2 A journal of the AMERICAN Journal of Engineering, Mechanics and Architecture www. grnjournal.us and the Renaissance, elements of capitalist production began to form. This process led to the growth and concentration of the population in cities. Large cities began to appear in economically developed countries. The development of the urbanization process is related to the growth of cities and the formation of urban residents, the naturalization of urban population, the administrative integration of suburban areas into the city, and the acquisition of urban status by rural settlements. In the growth of cities, the formation of the urban lifestyle in the suburban areas, that is, the strengthening of the urbanization process, is also important. Around a big city, small cities appear and join big cities, and urban agglomerations are formed. In developed countries, the process of agglomeration has intensified, as a result of the merger of individual agglomerations, megacities are emerging. Its main indicator is the increase in the number of urban residents and the increase in the share of urban residents in the total population. At the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, the spread of the urban lifestyle to the rural areas, that is, the process of urbanization, is observed in the world. This leads to an increase in the population of the city. In 1950, 28.9% of the world's population lived in cities. In 1960, this indicator was 33.9%, in 1970 it was 37.4%, in 1980 it was 41.1%, in 1990 it was 45.8% and in 2000 it was 51.2%. The weight of the urban population is much higher in developed countries (in 2000 it was 75% in the USA, Great Britain, Japan, Sweden and 94% in Germany, 73% in Russia). The urbanization process in developing countries in Asia and Africa is much lower than the world average. In 2000, the share of urban population was 11-14% in Afghanistan and Ethiopia, 45% in Egypt and Turkey. At its current stage, there is an increase in population concentration in large cities. In this process, millionaire cities (with a population of 1 million or more) occupy a special place. In 1900, the number of millionaire cities in the world was ten, and by the 21st century, this figure has exceeded 200. There are large cities in the world with more than 10 million inhabitants [Mexico (25 million), Tokyo (20 million), Seoul (13 million), Beijing (11 million), Paris, Cairo, Buenos Aires and London (10 million). 3 A journal of the AMERICAN Journal of Engineering, Mechanics and Architecture www. grnjournal.us Urbanization is the process of development of cities, urban culture and other relations specific to cities in the development of society. Urbanization occurs due to the transformation of rural settlements into cities, the expansion of suburban areas, and the migration of rural residents to cities. This process is reflected rapidly from year to year. For example, in 1800, 2 percent of the world's population lived in cities, in 1950, this figure was 30 percent, and now it is 50 percent. By 2050, 2/3 of the world's population is expected to live in cities. The process of urbanization has its own positive and negative characteristics. The extent to which urbanization is positive or negative depends on whether or not it is regulated by the state. In simpler words, if the urbanization processes are not sufficiently regulated, a large gap will appear between the number of urban residents and the number of infrastructure, housing, and jobs available there. This causes a lot of social and economic problems such as unemployment, rising prices, shortage of housing, lack of education and health facilities, besides making the overall appearance of the city miserable. The process of urbanization in Uzbekistan has its own stages of historical development. Its development is related to the socio-economic development and demographic characteristics of the country. Along with the oldest cities in Uzbekistan, there are also cities that were created in the second half of the 20th century. In 1913-1980, the number of cities in Uzbekistan and the weight of the urban population increased. There are 120 cities in Uzbekistan, where 8249.3 thousand people live (2003). 38 of them are small cities with a population of up to 20,000, 65 are medium-sized cities with a population of 20,000 to 100,000, 16 are large cities with a population of 100,000 to 500,000, and Tashkent is a millionaire city. The process of urbanization has been developing in Uzbekistan since the end of the 19th century. In short, Urbanization has a global character, all countries of the world fall under its scope to one degree or another. But the consequences of this are different in different regions of the world. As a result of the number of cities and the development of large and large cities and urban agglomerations in some countries, the urban lifestyle is quickly and on a large scale, while in other countries this process is just beginning. As a result, there are regions in the world where there is a process of urbanization with different levels and characteristics. References 1. Isamukhamedova D. U. Adilova L.A. Basics of urban planning and landscape architecture: part 1, textbook / Ministry of higher and secondary special education of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent: Publishing house named after Cholpon, 2009 - 160 p. 2. Mirzaev M.K., Latipov D.V. 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