ajec: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called ajec.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

Water; Management; Farmers; Change; Waste; Energy; Health; Rainfall; Production; Total; Plant; Soil; Development; Areas; Risk; Factors; Cassava; Cover; Area

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

• Modeling of Hydrodynamic Dispersion in the Sidi Kirayr Locality’s Coastal Unconfined Aquifer West of Alexandria, Egypt by Amin, Mohamed M M; ElZahar, Medhat M H (2023) - These models, (Somaida, 1993) are tested, and the results of salinity depth profiles are deficient in the qualitative and quantitative interpretation of the salinity profiles. Clim. 2(1) 1-10, 2022 Figure 5: Observed water salinity with depth at the center of the studied aquifer (Somaida, 1993) Figure 6. a: Concentration results and their graphical representation along the studied profile (Model M1) Keywords: aquifer; depth; dispersion; figure; mmhos; salinity; water; zone
• Impact of Climate Change on water security and Endorsing importance of Rainwater Harvesting Technology in Nepal by Tikhatri, Dipan; Bhattarai, Sabu Sharma (2023) - The characteristics of water harvesting can vary depending on the specific method or system used, some of the general characteristics are collection surface, collection efficiency, storage capacity, water quality, maintenances, sustainability and cost. Purpose of Rainwater Harvesting Technology The rainwater harvesting depended upon the technique of water harvesting adapted in the area. Keywords: change; climate; demand; harvesting; nepal; precipitation; rainwater; resources; technology; water
• The Efficacy of Newly Developed Activated Carbon from Bark of Butea monosperma For Removal of Hexavalent Chromium by S S, Hunge (2022) - In the recent study, the adsorption ability of activated carbon derived from the bark of Butea monosperma for removal of Cr(VI) from polluted water has been studied with respect to different parameters like the effect of pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and initial metal ion concentration. “Chromium removal using modified poly(4- vinylpyridinium) bentonite salts,” Desalination, vol. 245, no. 1–3, pp. Keywords: acbbm; adsorbent; adsorption; carbon; chromium; cr(vi; et.al; hexavalent; journal; metal; removal; solution; vol; water
• Understanding the Nexus Between Climate Change, Dwindling Agro-Pastoral Resources, and Conflicts in Kouoptamo, Cameroon by Moye, Eric Kongnso; Dongfack, Tiomo Emmanuel; Suika, Fonyuy Jean Claude (2024) - Climate change and pastoral conflicts in the middle belt and South East nigeria: implication on human resource of the regions. Climate driven resource based conflicts and manifestations Findings revealed that conflicts have become frequent, occurring between crop farmers and pastoralists and between pastoralists themselves. Keywords: agro; animals; cameroon; change; climate; conflicts; crop; degradation; farmers; pastoralists; pasture; rainfall; resource; variability; water
• The Role of Environmental Management Systems (EMS) in Driving Organizational Development and Environmental Sustainability by Mazraani, Ghassan; Tucci, Mario (2025) - Quality management systems: environmental management systems as examples. Environmental management system according to ISO 14001: 2015 as a driver to sustainable development. Keywords: aspects; cft; ems; energy; environment; et al; iso; management; organization; performance; pollution; production; study; sustainability; system; water
• The Padma Paradox: Irrigation Benefits and Waterlogging Challenges Drive CSA Adoption in Bangladesh by Fuad, Md Akter Faruk; Afrad, Md. Safiul Islam; Prodhan, Foyez Ahmed (2025) - Nevertheless, Dohar, the study area lacks studies that seek to understand the complete picture of CSA practices, some of the limitations faced, and the degree of adaptation among the farmers in Padma River Basin. The case study conducted with smallholder farming in the Dohar sub-district, mid-Bangladesh focuses on the present status of CSA practices. Keywords: adoption; agriculture; bangladesh; change; climate; csa; farmers; farming; food; padma; practices; river; study; water
• Use of Water Hyacinth for Adaptation to Climate Change in Agriculture in Bangladesh by Ghosh, Anusree; Chakraborty, Tapas Ranjan (2025) - MATERIALS AND METHODS To understand the diversity of the use of water hyacinths in agriculture for adaptation to climate change the study was conducted in most climate vulnerable location of Pa ge 11 4 https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajec Am. The local uses of water hyacinths were observed to know the technology in detail and also the origin of the knowledge were explored. Keywords: adaptation; agriculture; areas; baira; bangladesh; change; climate; community; cultivation; hyacinth; use; water; water hyacinth
• Surface Water Quality Assessment in the Different Coastal Regions of Bangladesh by Islam, Rubinoor; Aronna, Maisha Maliyat; Arafat, Md. Abdullah Al; Hossain, Md. Zakir (2025) - https:// doi.org/10.2965/jwet.15-038 Shaibur, M. R., Ahmmed, I., Sarwar, S., Karim, R., Hossain, M. M., Islam, M. S., Shah, M. S., Khan, A. S., Akhtar, F., Uddin, M. G., Rahman, M. M., Salam, M. A., & Ambade, B. (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/w15050905 Uddin, M. R., Khandaker, M. U., Ahmed, S., Abedin, M. J., Hossain, S. M. M., Mansur, M. A. A., Akter, S., Akbor, M. A., Jamal, A. S. I. M., Rahman, M. M., Kazi, M., Siddique, M. A. B., & Idris, A. M. (2024). Keywords: bangladesh; quality; river; tds; water
• Suitability of Grey-water Treated with Common Reed in Constructed Wetland for Irrigation Purposes in Akure, Nigeria by Olanipekun, Adewoye Alade; Alao, Femi; Oloruntade, Ajayi Johnson; Olofintoye, Oluwatosin Onaopemipo; Oke, Afolabi Matthew; Idusuyi, Daniel Uwumarogie; Bayode, Opeyemi; Saka, Quadri Opeyemi; Ojewole, Damilare Akintunde (2025) - Suffice it to say that all of the experiments, from wetland planting to water treatment, were carried out in the dry seasons of December to February of 2016, 2017 and 2018. Water treatment residual: A critical review of its applications on pollutant removal from stormwater runoff and future perspectives. Keywords: grey; irrigation; metals; plants; ppm; reed; removal; system; treatment; wastewater; water; wetland
• Coastal Water Quality Assessment of Partially Remediated Oil Spill Site by Albios, Regine A.; Zoleta, Judy Marie R. (2025) - The study emphasizes the importance of community involvement, sustained enforcement policies, and long-term monitoring in maintaining water quality in areas affected by oil spills. When oil spills get into the environment, it wreaks havoc on ecosystems. Keywords: environmental; marine; oil; oil spill; oxygen; quality; spill; water; water quality
• Drinking Water Quality, Usage Practices, and Waterborne Disease Incidence in Barangay Napsan, Puerto Princesa City, Philippines by Denosta, Princes Eunice (2025) - Microbiological analysis of water sources, including groundwater and spring water, revealed that all six water sources were non-compliant with the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water (PNSDW 2017). The microbiological quality of drinking water sources in Barangay Napsan reveals concerning results regarding water safety. Keywords: barangay; contamination; diseases; drinking; drinking water; health; napsan; practices; quality; sitio; sources; water; water quality; water sources
• Synergizing Cost Optimization and Environmental Engineering in Water Desalination: Best Practices for Sustainable Project Management by Khan, Atif Ahmed (2025) - In a more recent study, Generous et al. (2021) disclosed that energy costs represent about 40– 60% of operational expenditures, which is an incentive to employ energy recovery technologies to decrease operational expenditures (Generous et al., 2021). Ahmadi et al. (2020) looked instead at the potential of renewable- powered desalination and concluded that solar-aided RO would reduce energy costs by 30%, although high initial CAPEX remains a barrier to adoption (Ahmadi et al., 2020). Keywords: brine; consumption; cost; desalination; energy; khair; msf; plant; ras; ras al; shoaiba; technologies; water
• The Positive Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Environmental Attributes: A Review by Saha, Sushmita; Saha, Anik ; Saha, Munmun ; Saha, Kawshik ; Jahan Chowdhury, Zinat (2022) - The effects of COVID-19 lockdown on environmental health draw the attention of the scientific communities. So far, to the best of our knowledge, there are very few studies regarding the impacts of COVID-19 lockdown on the quality of the environment and human attitudes. Keywords: air; covid-19; covid-19 lockdown; environment; et al; human; lockdown; nature; pollution; quality; water
• The Threats of Climate Change on Water and Food Security in South Africa by Richard Kwame, Adom; Mulala Danny, Simatele; Memory, Reid (2022) - A f study on Climate change in South Africa by the Department of Environmental Affairs DEA (2013) revealed that climate change would significantly impact water supply nationally, but more impacts will be felt particularly drier provinces such as Eastern Cape, Free State Western Cape and Limpopo. Published: September 24, 2022 Globally, water and food crises are exacerbated by climate change, population growth and changing lifestyles. Keywords: adaptation; africa; agriculture; cape; climate change; country; data; development; et al; food; food security; https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajec; impact; increase; population; production; rainfall; resources; respondents; security; south; south africa; state; strategies; temperature; water
• Integrating Water Treatment and Air Quality Improvement for a Healthier Bangladesh by Patwary, Abu Bakor Siddique; Hasan, Md. Abir; Tabassum, Most. Nishat; Yasir, Md. Atik; Mohibullah, Md. (2025) - org/10.1016/j.envc.2022.100640. Hoque, M. M. M., Mizan, M. M. R., Hossain, M. N., Sarker, M. E., Pranto, N. N., Khan, M. M. H., ... & Yesmin, R. (2025). Additionally, even though water pollution levels are relatively low here, air pollution-related health problems are showing increasing trends. Keywords: air; air quality; bangladesh; dhaka; health; pollution; public; quality; water
• Water Quality Index (NSFWQI) of the River Nun, Bayelsa State, Nigeria by Ebuete, Abinotami W; Puanoni, Nato I; Ebuete, Yarwamara I; Ebuete, Eluan (2023) - Assessment of water Quality of Oji River using water Quality Index (WQI). Despite the abundance, water quality remained a global burden such that hardly could there be any of such water bodies without questionable insignia in the Niger Delta. Keywords: dry; index; nun; parameters; quality; river; river nun; season; total; water; water quality
• Microplastics Pollution in Nigerian Aquatic Ecosystems: Sources, Pathways, Impacts, and Mitigation Strategies. A Review by Ugosor, Terngu Paul; Terna, Korom; Timothy, Ornguga Terlumum; David, Apeyuan Kparev-Wua; Kaana, Asemave (2025) - The level of microplastics pollution in aquatic ecosystems is expected to increase if deliberate measures are not taken to mitigate it. It is therefore important to create awareness on the negative impacts of microplastics pollution on aquatic environments in Nigeria. Keywords: environmental; et al; exposure; fish; health; microplastics; mps; nigeria; pollution; research; river; sediments; sources; state; studies; use; waste; water

• A Diagnostic Study of Household Solid Waste Management in Kollo, Niger by Moussa, Hassimi; Ousmane, Laminou Manzo; Balarabe, Bachir Yaou; Djibo, Hassoumi; Hafidi, Mohamed (2022) - As a result of the study, four types of household waste, namely sand, organic matter, plastics, and others, were identified. In general, household waste refers to all materials generated within a household. Keywords: des; households; kollo; management; niger; trash; urban; waste; week
• Solid Waste Management System through 3R Strategy with Energy Analysis and Possibility of Electricity Generation in Dhaka City of Bangladesh by Samiul Islam, F A (2023) - Although municipal authorities in the city of Dhaka recognize the importance of adequate solid waste collection as well as resource recovery and recycling, it is beyond their resources to effectively deal with the growing volume of solid waste. As a result, solid waste is dumped indiscriminately on streets and open drains causing serious health risks and degradation of the living environment for millions of urban people. Keywords: city; dhaka; electricity; energy; management; percentage; total; waste; weight
• Assessment of Policy Guidelines, Strategies, and Operational Processes Associated with Plastic Waste Management in Ghana by Osei-Bonsu, Rama; Kwabena Mintah, Derick; Appiah, Joseph; Mensah, Loretta Obeng (2023) - The study sought to assess to assess the policy guidelines, strategies, and operational processes associated with plastic waste management in Ghana. The results revealed that there are guidelines, strategies, and operational processes for plastic waste management in greater Kumasi and there exist different activities of stakeholders (Recycling companies, KMA and Waste collectors) in plastic waste management in Kumasi. Keywords: activities; companies; ghana; kumasi; management; plastic; policy; recycling; strategies; waste; waste management
• Cultivating Multifaceted Participation in the Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) Program in Communities of Northern Isabela by Tarun, Marcial Tirso G; Gumiran, Imee G; Peṅaflor, Bondee L (2024) - The fi ndings emphasize the necessity of more inclusive strategies that prioritize and empower community participation in decision- making processes from the preparatory stages, planning stages through to the implementation phase. Furthermore, it advocates for inclusive strategies that empower community participation in the three phases of carrying out the program: the preparatory, planning, and implementation phases, addressing a gap in the current literature. Keywords: activities; activity; agree; cbfm; community; crmf; decision; forest; level; making; management; opinions; participation; process; respondents; specifi c
• Pre-Disaster Preparedness/Prevention and Mitigation Strategies for Floods: A Use Case of Lagos, Nigeria by Danladi, Ayuba Job; Yusuf, Muritala Kolade; Dusserre, Gilles; Ahmed, Nasir Baba; Vechot, Luc (2024) - Since people constitute the most important part of societies, their access to information and knowledge on flood disaster preparedness is vital in ensuring resilient societies (Yildiz et al., 2021), this indicates the necessity to educate and train people and create easy access to flood information. This research concludes by proposing an approach or framework that is an outcome of a comparative assessment of flood risk management from developed countries to consider for the implementation of preparedness and mitigation strategies in the use case area. Keywords: countries; disaster; disaster preparedness; disaster risk; et al; flood; flood management; flood mitigation; flood preparedness; flood risk; impact; management; measures; mitigation; preparedness; risk management; strategies; systems
• Adverse Effects of Human Activities on Forest Reserves in Ghana: Lessons of Experience from the Yenku Forest Reserve in the Central Region by Sakyi, Emmanuel Kojo; Ameko, Stephen Kwame (2025) - The socio-economic survey (Amoah, 2004) revealed also that 97.8% of respondents were aware of the existing laws relating to protection of forest reserves and 82% of them confirmed that the laws were enforced, offenders arrested by forestry officials and arraigned before the law courts for prosecution and items involved confiscated. Clim. 4(1) 52-63, 2025 The respondents also suggested that Forest Services Division should train them in NTFP cultivation outside forest reserve and also streamline permits for NTFP collection from the reserve to avoid illegalities. Keywords: activities; change; climate; communities; cover; farming; forest; forest reserve; fringe; ghana; land; management; people; reserve; respondents; study; yenku
• Environmental Impact of Poultry Waste Management Practices in Jhenaidah, Bangladesh by Devnath, Bristi; Anwar Hossain Rana; Mohiuddin, A.S.M.; Ghosh, Partha Pratim; Kazi Abdus Sobur; Sarker, Deepanjana; Md. Muraduzzaman; Mohaimen, Shayed; Sarker, Biplob Kumar (2025) - Poultry waste management is a big concern in Bangladesh nowadays. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study highlight significant gaps in poultry waste management and biosecurity practices in Jhenaidah, Bangladesh. Keywords: bangladesh; disposal; farmers; farms; management; poultry; poultry waste; practices; waste; waste management
• The Conservation Story of Biri-Larosa Protected Landscape/Seascape: Lessons Learned and Future Directions by Escal, Rene John (2025) - Brokington and Schmidt-Soltau (2004) recognize the importance of conservation programs in safeguarding protected area’s benefits, such as the provision of ecosystem services, employment opportunities, and the preservation of culture. Infield (2001) suggested that conservation program in the context of local culture provides a counterbalance to economic pressure to the protected area. Keywords: activities; areas; benefits; community; conservation; coral; ecotourism; fishing; implementation; management; participant; people; practices; programs; protection; resources; study; waste
• Managing Solid Waste at Isabela State University Cabagan (ISUC) Campus: Current Practices and Unfolding Opportunities by Peñaflor, Bondee L; B. Ong, Heherson (2022) - In addition, a workshop was also done for the determination of key issues and concerns and the identification of solid waste management programs in the campus. Peñaflor and Jacinto (2020) stated that solid waste management is rarely at the forefront of discussion, by the media or by the general public. Keywords: campus; collection; implementation; initiatives; management; materials; need; programs; support; swm; waste; waste management
• Social Taboos on Wetland Fauna by Chakraborty, Tapas Ranjan (2025) - The study was conducted with a small number of people, more comprehensive and detailed study will be able to document more taboos. The objective of the study was to explore the potential of taboos in development and conservation planning of wetland fauna. Keywords: animals; bangladesh; community; conservation; consultations; haor; knowledge; management; medir; people; species; study; taboos; wetland
• Optimizing Supply Chain with Artificial Intelligence in Business by Rahaman, Md Mustafijur; Maruri, Jimmy; Begum, Malan; Rahman, SM Toufiqur (2025) - Clim. 4(3) 123-134, 2025 State of the Art From researcher Fatorachian (2024) we came to know that AI has advanced from operational tools to strategic enablers of supply chain intelligence. Stewart (2023) explained that predictive analytics powered by AI enhances supply chain resilience, enabling businesses to respond proactively to disruptions and improve long-term operational stability MATERIALS AND METHODS Research Perspective A qualitative research perspective, supported by secondary data analysis, to explore the applications and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in optimizing supply chain operations was conducted in entire research. Keywords: chain; chain management; data; et al; intelligence; journal; learning; logistics; management; optimization; research; resilience; studies; study; supply; supply chain
• Comparative Research Progress on Hydrogeological Potential of  Major Geological Complexes: A Case Study of  Togo and China by Apolline, Djamla Afia; Kofi, Anamor Samuel; Magnim, Bidola Toi; Arnold, Akpegnon Luciano (2025) - The Plateaux region, underlain by quartzite and schist, supports groundwater storage mainly through secondary porosity related to fracturing and weathering. Younger sequences, including Mesozoic intrusive and metasedimentary formations (65–250 Ma), along with thick Cretaceous Cenozoic basin fills, contribute significantly to groundwater storage, especially in northern China. Keywords: aquifer; basement; basin; china; crystalline; data; figure; groundwater; https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajec; hydrogeological; karst; management; monitoring; north; plain; potential; recharge; storage; systems; togo; zones

• Assessing Indigenous and Modern Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change Among Legumes Producers in the Bongo District of the Upper East Region, Ghana by Amosah, Jonah; Lukman, Tahiru; Nabwomya, Enerst Dabil (2023) - Rarely does climate change adaptation concentrate solely on climate change problems (IPCC, 2012). The need for institutional collaboration will therefore be critical to the successful adoption and development of all aspects of climate change adaptation through training and engaging with local communities (Bernier, & Haglund, 2013). Keywords: adaptation; adaptation strategies; agriculture; bongo; change adaptation; climate; climate change; communities; data; district; farmers; food; ghana; https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajec; legume; production; strategies; study
• Socio-Economic Determinants for Adoption of Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change and Variability among Smallholder Farmers in Igambang’ombe, Sub-County, Kenya by Rithaa, J N; Mwendandu, I W; Wambongo, C S R (2023) - This study, therefore, sought to determine the social-economic factors that influence the adoption of adaptation strategies for climate change and variability, among smallholder farmers in Igambang’ombe Sub-County, Tharaka Nithi County. A study carried out in Kenya by MET scientists revealed that a farmers’ level of education and access to climate information are two major factors that determine whether climate change and variability adaptation strategies would be adopted by smallholder farmers (Masieyi et al., 2012). Keywords: access; adaptation; adoption; change; climate; climate change; factors; farmers; household; smallholder; strategies; study; variability
• The Fight Against Climate Change: Adaptive and Strategies Activities Among Farmers by Dilangalen, Ali K (2022) - RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Challenges experienced by farmers related to Climate change Failure due to unpredictable weather patterns Farmers revealed that due to unpredictable weather patterns they experienced failure in their farms. Economic costs of drought and rice farmers’ coping mechanism: a cross-country comparative analysis. Keywords: change; climate; climate change; crops; farmers; growth; plants
• Assessment of Smallholder Farmers’ Responses to Flood Incidence in the Oti River Sub-Basin by Takal, Silas Uwumborge; Tahiru, Abdul-Wahab (2025) - By elucidating these factors influencing vulnerability to floods among smallholder farmers in the Oti River Basin, the study underscores the complex nature of flood risks and the specific challenges faced by farmers in the region. This study aimed to assess the responses of smallholder farmers to incidence of floods in the Oti river sub-basin. Keywords: basin; climate; crop; farmers; flood; ghana; livelihoods; oti; response; river; smallholder; smallholder farmers; strategies; study; vulnerability
• Farmers’ Perception of the Current Farming Practices on Agricultural Ecological Risk in Loes Watershed, Timor-Leste by da Costa, Delfim; Espaldon, Maria Victoria O.; Faustino-Eslava, Decibel V.; Sanchez, Patricia Ann J.; Tiburan Jr., Cristino L. (2025) - Farmer awareness of conservation-related policies and their benefits The policy awareness of farmers was assessed by using top-five conservation laws in Timor-Leste by asking them do they are familiar with these laws. The source of income of crop farmers and livestock farmers was asked separately. Keywords: agriculture; conservation; crop; farmers; farming; grazing; land; law; leste; livestock; practices; risk; soil; study; timor; watershed
• Knowledge, Trust, and Resilience: Factors Shaping Climate Adaptation in Zanzibar’s Agricultural Sector by Mohamed, Mohamed Khalfan (2025) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.54536/ajec.v4i3.5300 https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajec Article Information ABSTRACT Received: May 25, 2025 Accepted: June 30, 2025 Published: September 13, 2025 Communities that depend on agriculture are seriously threatened by climate change, especially smallholder farmers in low-income countries like Zanzibar. Due to their heavy reliance on rain-fed crops, smallholder farmers are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Keywords: access; agriculture; chwaka; climate; climate change; crop; csa; education; farmers; food; fuoni; information; rainfall; services; smallholder; systems; zanzibar
• Adoption of Climate Smart Agricultural Practices among Coastal Farmers: Insights from a Selected Southern Area of Bangladesh by Akanda, Md. Golam Rabbani; Mittra, Probir Kumar; Biswas, Avijit (2025) - Understanding the motivations behind farmers adoption of these methods is crucial for creating focused and successful policies, especially in climate-vulnerable areas like coastal zones of Bangladesh. However, the study provides a strong theoretical basis for policy formulation by linking farmer-level attributes with CSA adoption, emphasizing the importance of behavioral and socio-economic factors. Keywords: adoption; bangladesh; climate; communication; csa; farmers; medium; practices
• Farmers’ Perception on the Impact of Deforestation Influencing Climate Change by Flomo L, Gbawoquiya; Makissa, P Cherif (2022) - Pa ge 1 Pa ge 53 American Journal of Environment and Climate (AJEC) Farmers’ Perception on the Impact of Deforestation Influencing Climate Change Flomo L. Gbawoquiya1*, Makissa P. Cherif 1 Volume 1 Issue 2, Year 2022 ISSN: 2832-403X (Online) DOI: https://doi.org/10.54536/ajec.v1i2.557 https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajec Article Information ABSTRACT Received: September 05, 2022 Accepted: September 18, 2022 Published: September 21, 2022 Farmers’ perceptions on the effect of deforestation on climate change differ, from conceptual, practical, and information barriers all acting as limitations to pro-environmental behavior. Results reviled that 75% of the respondents believed that deforestation and human activities are the main drivers of climate change while 23% of the respondents had no idea about the drivers of climate change. Keywords: change; climate; climate change; deforestation; farmers; perception; rainfall; respondents; study; total

• Assessing the Climatic Influence on River in Bangladesh: In Perspective of Morphology and Discharge of Surma River by Akter, Shetu; Howladar, M Farhad; Ahmed, Zia; Chowdhury, Tayabur Rashid; Shahnewaz Sayem, Shah Md (2022) - River discharge has a strong positive impact on river erosion and deposition. The amount of discharge in the river is another cause of river erosion; when the discharge is high, it flows very faster than when it is dry. Keywords: acres; change; climate; deposition; discharge; erosion; rainfall; river; surma; surma river; table; total
• Entity-level Greenhouse Gas Emission of University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines-Oroquieta by Mitchie, Roa (2022) - 2832-403X (Online) DOI: https://doi.org/10.54536/ajec.v1i3.665 https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajec Article Information ABSTRACT Received: October 12, 2022 Accepted: October 15, 2022 Published: October 17, 2022 Presently, climate change is still one of the pressing environmental concerns in the world generally caused by greenhouse gas emission. This can also be considered as the initial step to planning the activities and programs that the campus could implement to mitigate GHG emission. Keywords: campus; change; climate; combustion; emission; gas; ghg; greenhouse; oroquieta; scope
• Role of Climate Change During the Covid-19 Pandemic by Hamisi, Salum Haji; Abdillah , Mussa Kitota (2022) - Many aspects of human well-being are affected by climate change. This paper has examined the role of climate change during the current period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Keywords: change; climate; climate change; covid-19; diseases; food; health; people

• Growth and Yield Performance of Oyster Mushroom Cultivated in Combined Cassava Peels, Coconut Residue and Coffee Waste Substrates by Elsisura, Irish B; Figueroa, Mary Amor G (2022) - These results confirmed the study of Sonnenberg et al. (2015) that cassava peels showed to be a potential ingredient in mushroom substrate for it produced more than 100% BE which is comparable to that the usual sawdust substrate. Contaminants found in cassava substrates include Trichoderma spp., Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Neurospora spp., and Penicillium spp. Keywords: cassava; cassava peels; coconut; coconut residue; coffee; coffee waste; days; formation; fruiting; mixtures; mushroom; ostreatus; oyster; oyster mushroom; peels; results; sawdust; substrate; substrate mixtures; waste
• Resource Recovery Potential of Limuru Municipality Abattoir Waste by K, Mbugua J.; G, Waswa A.; N, Mbui D. (2025) - Depending on the animal’s sex, load weight, collecting method, fat percentage, and living topographic area, the yield % of animal abattoir wastes might vary greatly (Kupusovic et al., 2007). Good production and hygiene procedures, together with appropriate waste disposal mechanisms are critical to reducing the adverse effects of slaughterhouse wastes. Keywords: abattoir; biogas; energy; kwh; limuru; potential; production; slaughterhouse; waste
• Environmental Impact Assessment in Construction Activities for Dahab Tower Building Mogadishu by Abdullahi Mohamed , Sheikh Ali; Abdikafi , Elmi Abdishakur; Abdifitah , M Adan; Ahmed, Mohamed Hassan (2022) - Clim. 1(3) 1-5, 2022 Generation of Noise • Using tools with noise canceling features • Placing signage around the area to alert visitors to the noise levels • Equipment maintenance is necessary to keep it functional and effective • Construction work should only be done at a specified time, often beginning around 800 hrs. Screening • Creation of Employment and Business Opportunities • Environmental opportunities • The market for goods and services • Aesthetic Enhancements • Loss of vegetation • Change in Surface and Sub-Surface Hydrology • Keywords: building; construction; environment; https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajec; impact; noise; pollution; project; waste

• Electricity Generation and Renewable Energy Policy in Nigeria: Resolving the Regulatory Challenges by Lawal Arowolo, Dr Ayoyemi ; Douglas, Tayo (2022) - This paper recommends that the regulation of renewable electricity should be done in a way that will promote more private sector participation in renewable electricity generation. This paper examines the challenges of renewable electricity in Nigeria from the regulatory perspective. Keywords: act; commission; country; development; electricity; electricity generation; energy; energy commission; energy policy; federal; grid; national; nigeria; policy; power; resources; sector
• Rural Electrification and the Uptake of Renewable Energy in Nigeria: Lessons from Kenya by Kamoru, T Lawal (2022) - This paper argues that Nigeria may not make any progress in the application of renewable energy for improved electricity access in the absence of a dedicated fund, community participation and, the establishment of a hybrid body with functions over rural electrification and renewable energy development. 2832-403X (Online) DOI: https://doi.org/10.54536/ajec.v1i2.353 https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajec Article Information ABSTRACT Received: June 25, 2022 Accepted: June 30, 2022 Published: Sep. 23, 2022 Recent technology advancements have brought to the fore the role renewable energy can play in providing timely access to clean and affordable energy in the rural areas. Keywords: access; act; areas; community; development; electricity; electricity access; electrification; energy; energy act; federal; grid; kenya; ministry; nigeria; policy; power; programme; projects; sector
• Optimizing Carbon Capture Efficiency through AI-Driven Process Automation for Enhancing Predictive Maintenance and CO2 Sequestration in Oil and Gas Facilities by Anyebe, Abraham Peter; Yeboah, Owura Kwaku Kodie; Bakinson, Oladipupo Idris; Adeyinka, Tayo Yusuf; Okafor, Francisca Chinonye (2024) - In Figure 3 of the illustration provided here we see a worker in a setting utilizing an interface to oversee and manage sophisticated machinery that is likely powered by AI technology systems. AI systems provided continuous monitoring and immediate adjustments to maintain efficiency. Keywords: capture; carbon capture; ccs; co2; co2 capture; data; efficiency; energy; et al; gas; journal; maintenance; storage; systems; technologies; time
• A Climate Action Roadmap for GHG Reduction in the Textile Industry: Pathway to Sustainability by Iqubal, Kazi Farhed; Hasan, Tauhidul; Islam, Md. Zahidul; Ahammad, SK. Salahuddin; Khan, Nasim; Jubaer, Ahmed; Saad, Sk Abid Md; Chanda, Digonta (2025) - In our study, a comprehensive Climate Action Roadmap (CAR) has been developed with the baseline year of 2018, aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 50% by 2030. The main causes of climate change are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), which have a negative impact on weather patterns and biodiversity (Filonchyk et al., 2024) hence reducing greenhouse gas emissions is difficult and needs for a variety of strategies, such as encouraging the use of low-carbon technologies, energy efficiency and resource preservation (Pollak et al., 2011). Keywords: climate; emissions; energy; factories; gas; ghg; greenhouse; industry; reduction; roadmap; strategy; textile

• Ecological and Health Risks of Heavy Metals to the Residents affected by a Volcanic Eruption in the Philippines by M. Banta, Genevee; C. Salibay, Cristina (2025) - HQ was computed using this equation (Chonokhuu et al., 2019): HQ= average daily dose or ADD/RfD or reference dose of heavy metals in mg/kg/day where average daily dose (ADD) referred to the daily dose of heavy metal exposure in contaminated soil while reference dose of heavy metals in mg/kg/day (RfD) referred to estimate of persistent heavy metal exposure by the affected residents. HImetal1=HQing + HQdermal + HQinh The hazard quotients for each metal were added and were interpreted as follows: An HI value equal to or less than 1 signified the absence of non-carcinogenic risk from heavy metal exposure in contaminated soil but an HI value of more than 1 indicated that there was a potential noncarcinogenic risks from an exposure to contaminated soil. Keywords: arsenic; batangas; concentration; eruption; exposure; health; mercury; metal; risk; soil; talisay
• Associations Between Daily PM2.5 Exposure and Respiratory Symptoms in Thai Adolescents: Evidence from Nonthaburi Province by Kiatsoongsong, Patsorn; Ekvitayavetchanukul, Patraporn (2025) - Model log (Odds of Symptom) = β0 + β1 (PM2.5 level) Table 7: Predicting Respiratory Symptoms Based on PM2.5 Exposure Variable Odds Ratio (OR) 95% Confidence Interval (CI) p-value PM2.5 (per 10 µg/m³ increase) 1.52 (1.26 – 1.79) <0.001 Mask-Wearing (Always) 0.64 (0.48 – 0.79) 0.002 Outdoor Exposure (≥3 hrs/day) 1.38 (1.12 – 1.61) <0.001 Key Interpretations - For every 10 µg/m³ increase in PM2.5, students were 1.52 times more likely to report respiratory symptoms (p < 0.001). Keywords Adolescent Health, Environmental Health Policy, PM2.5 Exposure, Respiratory Symptoms, Urban Pollution 1 Rittiyawannalai School, Thailand * Keywords: air; daily; days; exposure; health; levels; pm2.5; pollution; school; students; study; symptoms
• Assessment of Common Ambient Air Pollutants and Respiratory Health Outcomes among Road Construction Workers in Imo State, Nigeria by Bwala, John Mark; Amadi, Agwu Nkwa; Iwuala, Chimezie Christian; Enebeli, Ugo Uwadiako (2025) - To mitigate respiratory health risks, road construction workers are strongly recommended to consistently use personal protective equipment, particularly respiratory masks, during work activities. According to a meta-analysis, the main occupational hazards causing respiratory disorders among road construction workers are dust, RCS, fumes, vapours, asbestos, fibres, and gases (Boadu et al., 2023). Keywords: air; construction; construction workers; dust; east; health; imo; north; road; road construction; state; workers
• Magnitude of Anemia and its Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women in Jowhar District, Somalia by Burhan Taste, Sharmarke; Gali, Nurezeman; Tamiru, Dessalegn (2022) - Pa ge 1 Pa ge 30 American Journal of Environment and Climate (AJEC) Magnitude of Anemia and its Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women in Jowhar District, Somalia Sharmarke Burhan Taste1*, Nurezeman Gali1, Dessalegn Tamiru1 Volume 1 Issue 3, Year 2022 ISSN: 2832-403X (Online) DOI: https://doi.org/10.54536/ajec.v1i3.832 https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajec Article Information ABSTRACT Received: October 25, 2022 Accepted: December 22, 2022 Published: December 26, 2022 Globally, anemia affected 1.62 billion people; of these, 56 million anemia cases were found in pregnant women. This study set out to determine the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among pregnant women attending Antenatal Care at public hospitals in Jowhar district, South Somalia. Keywords: anemia; day; district; factors; health; iron; jowhar; prevalence; study; women

• Relationship between Climate Variables (Rainfall and Temperature) and Ginger Yield Across the Climate Belts of Nigeria by N N, Okoye; M O, Nwagbara; V E, Weli (2023) - (F,12.0934)and jointly explained 45.2% of variation in ginger yield(r=.672and the R2=.452);Tropical Savanna (TS)(F,17.3452)and jointly explained 35.6% of variation in ginger yield (r = .597 and R2= .356);Warm Semi-Arid (WSA) (F,24.9501)and jointly explained 20.9% of variation in ginger yield (r= .457 and R2= .209); and Warm Desert (WD)(F,29.8517) and jointly explained 30.1% of variation in ginger yield(r =.549 and R2= .301).Based on these results, it is concluded here that there is a significant relationship between rainfall and temperature and ginger yields over the years and across the climate belts. The relationship of these elements and ginger yield has not been given the due attention in Nigeria. Keywords: belt; climate; climate belt; figure; ginger; mean; month; nigeria; rainfall; temperature; tropical; yield
• Quantifying Extreme Rainfall Events and Hydrologic Modeling for Flood-Resilient Bridge Design in Kano, Nigeria by Aiyelokun, Oluwatobi Oluwaseun; Olanipekun, Adewoye Alade; Agbede, Oluwole Akinyele; Saka, Quadri Opeyemi; Ojewole, Damilare Akintunde (2025) - Furthermore, also mentioned by Adewale & Isaac (2017) are intensity-frequency (IDF) curves that define the relationship between rainfall intensity, duration, and return period or its inverse, likelihood of exceedance. Subsequently, rainfall intensities were calculated for the calculated rainfall depths at specified periods using equation 13 as shown: Keywords: basin; bridge; design; distribution; frequency; grid; hydrologic; idf; journal; nigeria; probability; rainfall; return; year

• Responses of Brassica rapa “Bokchoy” to Varying Light Intensities Grown Under Hydroponic System by Dela Cruz, Angel Lhi; P. Sinco, Chinitt ; S. Cantor, Ma. Lourdes ; T. Viña, Michelle ; Garcia-Bolaños, Jolai R. ; J. Condes, Rikka Bianca; B. Bordios, Romeo Jr. (2022) - Plant growth and yield improve as the number of Brassica rapa layers increases. However, the fluctuation in temperature greatly affects plant growth and development and the production of bioactive compounds. Keywords: brassica; growth; light; nutrient; plant; production; rapa; result; solution; stress; study; temperature; treatments

• Climate-Smart Goods in Brazil: Trends, Opportunities, and Trade Policy Implications by Chowdhury, Ratan; Chowdhury, Tonmoy (2025) - However, despite Brazil’s potential as a key player in CSG trade, the existing literature reveals a limited exploration of the drivers and barriers influencing CSG trade growth. By identifying the factors that drive or inhibit CSG trade growth, this research will illuminate strategic choices available to Brazilian policymakers, enabling them to leverage CSG trade as a vital instrument for sustainable economic development. Keywords: brazil; climate; csg; csgs; economic; goods; growth; total; trade; world

• Deterioration of Plant Resources in Contact with Nigerian Refugees, Returnees and Internal Displaced Chadians in Kaya, Lake Region, Western Chad by Sirbele, Bayang (2023) - The Fricans who live in the region are attracted by the fishing opportunities on Lake Chad. The shelter is made from a tarpaulin and fenced with an aquatic plant from Lake Chad, known in the local language as kaye. Keywords: chad; figure; kaya; lac; lake; plant; population; refugees; region; returnees
• Antifungal Effects of Different Commercial Products Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4 Causing Fusarium Wilt of Banana by G Figueroa, Mary Amor ; Hagonos Jr, Artemio S (2022) - Effects of Bacillus subtilis The biological control of plant diseases is an excellent alternative strategy for effective control of various diseases as well as augmentation of nutrient availability in the rhizosphere. Diagnostic manual for plant diseases in Vietnam. Keywords: banana; control; disease; fluopyram; foc; fosetyl; fusarium; growth; pathogen; plant; products; soil; subtilis; tr4; wilt
• Effects of Varying Nutrient Solution to Brassica Rapa “Bokchoy” Grow Under Hydroponic System by Dela Cruz, Angel Lhi; P. Sinco, Chinitt ; S. Cantor, Ma. Lourdes ; T. Viña, Michelle ; Bolaños, Jolai R. Garcia; B. Bordios, Romeo Jr. (2022) - The results suggest that chitinase genes could be helpful in making Brassica plants that can handle stress (Ahmed et al., 2012). Therefore, it is important to test the levels of nutrient solution applied to the Brassica rapa and its effects on plant growth and development. Keywords: brassica; growth; leaves; light; nutrient; plant; rapa; solution; stress; study; yield

• Microbial Fuel Cell Bio-Remediation of Lambda Cyhalothrin, Malathion and Chlorpyrifos on Loam Soil Inoculated with Bio-Slurry by J K, Mbugua ; A, Kinyua; D N, Mbui; J L, Kithure; S O, Wandiga ; A G, Waswa (2022) - H-shaped double chamber microbial fuel cell was fabricated where the anodic chamber was loaded with 750 mL loam soil inoculated with 750 mL bio-slurry doped with 10 mL of 10 ppm lambda cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos and malathion pesticide solutions. The graph obtained from plots of current and voltage of the control (loam soil) data is shown in figure 2. Keywords: bio; bioremediation; chlorpyrifos; current; cyhalothrin; day; degradation; et al; loam; malathion; microbial; pesticide; soil; voltage

• Agritechnovation Hub and Smart Knowledge Processing Outsourcing (Kpo) Ecozone Masterplan Design Potentiality at Isabela State University Matusalem, Roxas, Isabela by Quebral Jr., Bagnos A. (2025) - The site’s qualities are excellent for development since Roxas Campus has a large carrying capacity for KIST ecozone development and broad regions open for growth. Limitations of The Study The limitations of this study will merely on the bounds of ISU proposed development and on the following criteria: 1. Keywords: area; building; design; development; economic; ecozone; isabela; isu; kist; master; peza; plan; research; roxas; study; use; zone

• Convention on Biological Diversity Post 2020 Target: A Critical Analyses of the Threat Posed by 30 X 30 Target, Devoid of a Human Rights Approach Towards Conservation to Land Rights in Developing Countries: Case Study Cameroon by Agbor, Desmond Tabe (2022) - The current trend in protected area in the implementation of this law depicts an increase of 76.5% in the creation of protected areas between 2000 with a baseline of 17 Protected Areas and 2012 having a total of 30 Protected Areas. However, despite the research conducted by the many authors above, their research didn’t touch on the Convention on Biological Diversity post 2020 and didn’t address the threat posed by conservation strategies like protected areas on indigenous land rights. . Keywords: areas; biodiversity; cameroon; communities; conservation; convention; forest; international; land; protection; rights; state; target

• From Policy to Practice: Investigating the Effectiveness of DRRM Implementation in Shaping Student Disaster Competence by Morante, Agnes S.; Cerado, Ernie C. (2025) - As shown in Table 4, the level of disaster readiness among high school students tested through practical demonstration of common competencies is very satisfactory (M = 4.22, SD = 0.64). Specifically, it sought to: (1) describe the extent of DRRM program implementation across key result areas; (2) determine the significant differences of the program Keywords: disaster; disaster risk; drrm; education; implementation; journal; knowledge; preparedness; program; readiness; reduction; resilience; risk; school; students
• Redefining Farm Risk: A Biosecurity and Proximity-Based Evaluation Matrix by Orban, Hamid Ragab (2025) - Standard deviation analysis reveals greater variability in (RBFS) across compliance levels, underscoring the critical role of regulatory adherence in determining farm risk. The current study presents a novel approach to evaluating farm risk by applying risk analysis principles within a structured matrix of eight attributes, five related to risk severity and three to risk probability. Keywords: biosecurity; compliance; distance; evaluation; farm; matrix; rbfs; risk; score

• A Review of Factors Affecting and Impacting Recycling Intentions and Behaviors in Students by Aljatlawe, Almukhtar; Baysen, Engin (2023) - General environmental education and awareness in students encourage recycling behaviors and intentions in students, this is done through the identification and use of themes of recycling environmental education and motivation (Bennett & Alexandridis, 2021). The study has findings on the factors that improve recycling behaviors and factors that challenge recycling behaviors in students, and these are used to make adequate recommendations. Keywords: awareness; behavior; education; factors; recycling; students; sustainability

• Antibacterial Activity of Cassava Manihot Esculenta Leaves Extract Against Escherichia coli by Dela Cruz, Angel Lhi; L. Buendia, Neil John ; J. Condes, Rikka Bianca (2022) - The experiment involved the determination of plants, extraction using the maceration method, and antibacterial testing of the fresh and dried cassava (Manihot esculenta) leave extracted with concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% ethanol against the bacterial growth of (Escherichia coli) and culture media using Merck Nutrient Agar. The results showed that extracts of fresh and dried cassava (Manihot esculenta) leaves extract with ethanol concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% have antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. Keywords: antibacterial; cassava; coli; escherichia; esculenta leaves; extract; leaves; leaves extract; manihot esculenta; study; treatment

• Seagrass Diversity and Distribution in Maribojoc Bay, Bohol, Philippines by Mascarinas, Honey Jane; Julie B , Otadoy (2022) - Ecological as- sessments were conducted to determine the species composition, abundance, distribution, percent cover, diversity, dominance, and evenness of seagrass species. The Shannon diversity index implies low diversity (H’=1.40) of seagrass species. Keywords: abundance; bay; cover; et al; hemprichii; maribojoc; panglao; philippines; seagrass; seagrass species; species; tagbilaran

• SPT Based Liquefaction Potentiality Index, Susceptibility & Risk Assessment in the Rohingya Refugee Camp Hills of Ukhiya, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh by Hossain, ATMS; Dutta, T; Mahbub, M S; Jafrin, S J; Khan, P A; Haque, M E; Sayem, M H; Imam , H; Khatun, M; Bakali, R (2022) - Clim. 1(3) 17-23, 2022 risk prone area at higher earthquake magnitudes. On the other hand, Balukhali camp area is a medium risk prone area and Kutubpalong camp is a very low to low risk prone area at higher earthquake magnitudes. Keywords: area; camp; earthquake; liquefaction; lpi; magnitudes; soils; values

Epilogue

For more detail, about this study carrel, see the computed home page. For more detail about study carrels in general, see the read me file.

Created: 2025-12-23