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American Journal of  Financial 
Technology and Innovation (AJFTI)

Popularity of  Mobile Transaction Services in the Banking Sector 
Aisha Badawi Abdelrhman1*

Volume 3 Issue 1, Year 2025
ISSN: 2996-0975 (Online)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54536/ajfti.v3i1.3807
https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajfti

Article Information ABSTRACT

Received: September 25, 2024

Accepted: October 22, 2024

Published: February 12, 2025

The study endeavors to analyze the factors driving the adoption and application of  Inter-
net-based bank services in the Sudan with a special emphasis on e-banking. Utilizing TAM’s 
structure, this research explains the usage of  customers on the internet banking world by 
focusing on these features: utility, user-friendliness, trust management, and cultural consid-
erations. It was revealed that, although security and reliability remain one of  the most signif-
icant concerns in banking, end users are also looking for a bank with good design, enjoyable 
features and which is socially ideal. The study highlights the increasing popularity of  mobile 
transaction services in emerging markets, highlighting the need for better understanding of  
user behavior and optimizing their usefulness and establishment in Sudan. The case study 
of  this research consists of  five major Sudanese commercial banks in Khartoum chosen 
because they are the pioneers in developing and starting the application of  EB services 
in Sudan namely Sudanese French bank, Albaraka bank, Omdurman national bank, Faisal 
Islamic bank and Tadamon Islamic bank. The time limit covered is the 2019-2023. Data 
for this study was collected by means of  a survey conducted in Khartoum. A total of  300 
questionnaire forms were delivered to respondents of  which 233 were returned giving a re-
sponse rate of  71 percent. Questionnaires were filled in five different banks and in different 
branches by selected customers with different banking treatments. This results in a sample 
that was well distributed in terms of  demographic information e.g. age, education, income, 
and treatment period. The questionnaire consisted of  questions that related to background, 
possible factors affecting acceptance of  IB and use of  IB services. Likert five point scales 
ranging from “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree” were used as a basis of  questions. 
The scale has been used in previous TAM related researches e.g. Igbaria et al; 1995; Teo et 
al; 1999, Tero and Kari; 2005. Additionally, the “neutral” option was allowed in almost all 
questions. The questionnaire was developed and tested with a focus group consisting of  
professionals from Sudan University and the banking sector. The focus group finally verified 
that the hypotheses might be an affective factor explaining IB acceptance. Based on this 
information the questionnaire was modified and finalized.

Keywords
Cultural Considerations, Electronic 
Payment Systems, Internet 
Banking, Mobile Technology, 
Technology Acceptance Model 
(TAM), Sudan, User-Friendliness, 
Trust Management

INTRODUCTION
The factors influencing Internet banking acceptance in 
Sudan using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), 
a widely used model for understanding and predicting 
technology adoption. It focuses on perceived usefulness 
and ease of  use as key determinants of  an individual’s 
attitude and intention to use a particular technology 
(Prastiawan et al., 2021). In the context of  Internet banking 
in Sudan, PU refers to the degree to which customers 
believe that using Internet banking will enhance their 
banking experience, such as convenience, efficiency, 
and accessibility (Chauhan et al., 2022). In contrast, 
PEOU measures how simple clients find it to use and 
comprehend online banking (Kavitha & Gopinath, 2020).
Several factors may influence the perceived usefulness 
and ease of  use of  Internet banking in Sudan (Omer 
& Adam, 2020). The emergence of  smartphones and 
mobile internet services has contributed significantly to 
the dramatic growth in internet penetration in Sudan 
during the last several years (Ibrahim et al., 2021). Internet 
banking has probably become more accessible to a 
greater portion of  the public due to the increasing access 
to technology. Perceived security of  online transactions is 

another aspect that can impact the adoption of  Internet 
banking in Sudan (Khattab et al., 2020). If  consumers 
have faith that their financial and personal details will be 
safe while banking online, they are more inclined to use 
the service. Therefore, Sudanese banks must establish 
strong security protocols to reassure clients that their 
online banking is secure (Masad et al., 2023).
Cultural factors may also play a role in shaping customers’ 
attitudes toward Internet banking in Sudan (ElMassah & 
Abou-El-Sood, 2022). For instance, various demographic 
groups may have differing perspectives about the security 
of  online transactions and the reliability of  technology 
(Hossain et al., 2020). Banks need to understand these 
cultural nuances and tailor their Internet banking services 
to meet the specific needs and expectations of  Sudanese 
customers (Alhanatleh, 2021). It is widely believed that 
the rise of  online banking and other financial services 
is a hallmark of  the current economic renaissance and 
a crucial outcome of  modern scientific and technology 
progress (Abad-Segura et al., 2020). The rapid global 
adoption of  information technology by businesses due 
to the technological revolution and rapid spread of  the 
Internet has significantly impacted various industries and 

1 Northern Boarder University, College of  Business Administration, Banking and Finance, Saudi Arabia
* Corresponding author’s e-mail: Aisha.Badawi@nbu.edu.sa



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businesses (Rymarczyk, 2021). In order to stay ahead of  
the competition and create new, useful systems and apps 
to improve banking services, the banking industry has 
been using electronic technology (Subanidja et al., 2022).
Contemporary technology has become one of  the 
biggest strategic issues in the field of  banking, and this 
reality imposes great challenges on banks (Heffernan, 
2005). New patterns of  transactions and activities have 
emerged across numerous industries as a consequence of  
the exponential rise of  information technology and the 
amount of  data. As a result, the world is going through 
deep and fast alterations (Nordhaus, 2021). The banking 
industry has significantly shifted towards online and 
mobile banking due to increasing client expectations, 
fierce competition, cost reduction, improved efficiency, 
and increased service offerings (Wewege et al., 2020).  The 
development of  electronic banking services in Sudan, 
their types, legislation, challenges, and future visions for 
electronic payment services (Leila & Fatiha, 2022).
The development of  electronic payment services 
in Sudan, analyzing their components, advantages, 
obstacles, and risks, and proposing potential expansion 
solutions (Mokar et al., 2021). The banking industry has 
made significant progress in enabling electronic banking 
services, which are expected to rapidly spread in Sudan 
(Mustafa, 2021). Study is needed to understand the 
factors affecting the spread of  these services, which are 
primarily obtained through traditional branches.
The purpose of  this research is to study the key elements 
determining the uptake and usage of  internet banking 
services in Sudan among electronic payment systems. 
Specifically, the study aims to:

• Recognize the stimulants that have a chord in the 
customers’ aspiration to embrace internet banking in 
Sudan.

• Explore to what extent the attitudes of  the customers 
towards online banking are shaped by perceived 
usefulness, usefulness, trust, and culture

• Al factors.
• Analyze those variables and see if  the people are 

consistently using the services internet banking is providing.

LITERATURE REVIEW
Adoption Factors and TAM in Developing Countries
The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is a widely 
applied theory which enables to understand how and 
why individuals willing to embrace a new technology and 
start using it (Davis, 1989). It has been widely useful in 
different circumstances, such as silver delivery system 
adoption on the internet (Marakarkandy et al., 2017). On 
the other hand, the applying of  the set communicational 
model to the developing countries, such as the Sudan 
one, could need perceptively to take into consideration 
all the nuances that is given their special socio-economic 
conditions and technology landscape. Internet banking 
development in less developed countries was the theme 
of  several studies that addressed the reliability of  the 

TAM features of  relative usefulness and operability (Ly 
& Ly, 2022). Sudan could be a powerful example of  how 
internet banking can bring financial inclusion and satisfy 
the banking needs of  the population in places where 
traditional banking facilities are very limited (Omer & 
Adam, 2020).
Field studies carried out in different socio-economic 
settings have shown that the perception of  usefulness 
plays an important role in the use of  e-banking (Ahmad et 
al., 2020). Customers from developing countries perceive 
online banking as a good choice for them; it provides 
a convenient and given model for conducting financial 
activities or using financial services if  the physical bank 
branches are not accessible to them (Al-Harbi, 2020). In 
addition to being convenient, because of  24/7 availability, 
timesaving and the ability to perform banking operations 
anywhere, these services are attributed to the use of  
online banking (Kordit, 2022). The other factor which is 
also significant is the comfort level in usage that depends 
on the perceived difficulty for these users. Studies have 
pointed out that relatability comes first in the features 
category thus with a user-friendly interface and simple 
navigation, customers get value (Chaimaa et al., 2021). 
Internet banking is likely to be utilized by individuals who 
are motivated, familiar with the process, and have low 
digital literacy levels (Sudirjo et al., 2024).  On the other 
hand, even though it is worthwhile to say that the TAM 
framework undoubtedly might require the adaptation 
to the huge cultural and contextual factors that have 
emerged in Sudan. Such as the described case of  trust 
and safety with internet banking, lack of  confidence in 
security is a big hindrance for internet banking adoption 
in the developing countries (Aldammagh et al., 2021). 
Customers may not have any strong confidence in online 
purchases and all that because they believe their sensitive 
data and information is not protected enough (Usman 
et al., 2020). Confidence can be created through robust 
security aspects, the use of  open communication channels, 
and client education which aims to tackle these worries. 
Also, the infrastructure inadequacies, which include 
unstable internet connections and pocket-like-devices-
availability, can be the impediments for the spread of  
internet banking in the developing world (Rajasulochana, 
2022). In this process, these factors must have to be taken 
in account when the applicability of  TAM framework is 
being considered for Sudan and neighboring countries.

Challenges and Opportunities of  Internet Banking 
in Sudan
Internet banking in Sudan comes both with good and 
bad sides which might result from the mobile network 
and other things like the legal environment, the culture, 
and the attitude to the technical things (Hussein et al., 
2020). Knowing these factors is the key to developing an 
important strategy and thus being able to get rid of  the 
objections and have widespread using of  internet banking 
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Sudan’s Internet service capacity is inadequate, 
necessitating the provision of  high-speed broadband 
and continuous flow services for widespread Internet 
banking use (Ahmed et al., 2014). Sudan faces structural 
challenges such as inadequate internet networks and 
a lack of  electronic devices in certain areas (Eltahir, 
2019). The improvement of  internet infrastructure is 
crucial for expanding network coverage and increasing 
Internet speed, enabling seamless and convenient access 
to Internet banking services across the country (Sahut, 
2021). Another key aspect is also the environment of  
regulation which is also in the list of  the factors that 
affect online banking adoption (Sekhar, 2020). Sudan’s 
regulatory system must provide a favorable and nurturing 
environment for the ion and services of  mobile banking 
(Renzaho et al., 2022). Constraints will address the 
sectors of  data privacy, safety, consumer protection, 
and attribution of  law to virtual transactions (Mogos & 
Jamail, 2021). A transparent set of  rules dealing with these 
issues must be provided in order to attract customers 
with a high level of  trust and confidence in their use of  
are banks online (Malinka et al., 2022). Cultural factors 
may influence Sudanese consumers’ reluctance to adopt 
online banking due to concerns about security, trust, and 
the need for face-to-face financial assistance (Khater et 
al., 2020). Raising the awareness of  the public regarding 
benefits of  internet banking, countering the doubts 
replaced by internet security and highlighting examples of  
the convenience and effectiveness of  online transactions 
are some cultural attitudes that would be changed, and 
acceptance of  the technology will be promoted (Indiani 
& Fahik, 2020). Banks and telecommunication companies 
can promote online banking in Sudan by launching eco-
friendly product campaigns to overcome customer 
misconceptions and increase adoption rates (Khattab 
et al., 2020). Mobile banking expands accessibility and 
convenience for many while enhancing security measures 
to ensure client safety (Jun & Palacios, 2016).

Trust and Security Concerns in Internet Banking 
Adoption
The adoption of  Internet banking in Sudan is influenced 
by factors such as confidence and security beliefs, 
as highlighted in the literature stream (Salim et al., 
2016). Banks implemented measures to build trust and 
confidence by addressing data privacy, online fraud, and 
cybersecurity (Liyanaarachchi et al., 2021). The main 
focus of  ensuring the widespread acceptance of  internet 
banking is the protection of  personal data privacy 
(Rawwash et al., 2020). Customers are definitely looking 
for confirmation that the entities holding their data are 
going to be reliable and protective and won´t abuse the 
information (Sasono et al., 2021). Although clear privacy 
policies, data safety, and compliance with data protection 
regulations are crucial for banks to alleviate customer 
concerns and boost trust (Zhang et al., 2020). 
Internet banking faces significant fraud concerns, causing 
unauthorized access and threatening clients (Rossi et 

al., 2021). The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness 
of  security measures in banks to prevent cyber fraud 
(Datta et al., 2020). Hence, these measures include multi-
factor authentication, encryption technologies, real-time 
transaction tracking, and fraud detection systems (Karim 
et al., 2023). Sudan recognizes the positive perception of  
security mechanisms among internet banking customers, 
emphasizing the importance of  confidence in their 
acceptance of  online banking services (Hassan et al., 
2020). Customers face issues with personal and security 
data during pilot online transactions, including database 
leaks, unauthorized logins, and online frauds (Mubarak 
Alharbi et al., 2013). Electronic banking has improved 
efficiency and affordability in 31 commercial banks in 
Juba, South Sudan, it has also led to reduced profitability. 
The findings suggest that banks should focus on 
expanding internet infrastructures and developing new 
online banking services to meet customer needs (Kordit, 
2022).

Cultural Factors and User Behavior in Internet 
Banking Adoption
Cultural elements as regards the internet banking adoption 
rather figure in the customers’ perception-formation 
and their acceptability in Sudan as elsewhere (Sharma et 
al., 2020). The knowledge of  Sudanese culture norms, 
values, those here, and the views of  society towards the 
technology are key for the understanding the effect on the 
Internet banking usage patterns in the Sudanese society 
(Sleiman et al., 2021).
In Sudan, the most essential factor that influences the 
adoption of  the innovations is traditional culture with 
the values attached with it, this includes internet banking 
(Deshayes, 2022). The country of  Sudan attaches huge 
significance to the personal discussions, which are usually 
conducted in face-to-face mode as well as the building 
and maintaining of  personal relationships in the world 
of  finance (Ahmed & Ammar, 2020). Many clients prefer 
to transact money in physical bank branches due to the 
perceived safety and trustworthiness associated with such 
banks (Pavithra, 2021). For many, this strong cultural 
affinity for face-to-face interactions may serve as an 
impediment to the acceptance of  internet banking by the 
general public, as some people would feel uneasy adopting 
virtual channels in place of  the traditional banking 
networks which they are used to (Arif  et al., 2020). Besides, 
behaviors of  social context can determine the number of  
online banking users in Sudan to a great extent (Sleiman 
et al., 2022). The acceptance of  technology varies across 
society, especially among older generations, due to their 
unfamiliarity with digital platforms and low technological 
exposure. To overcome attitudes towards internet 
banking, educate Sudanese about its advantages, safety, 
Islamic tenets, ease of  interest transactions, and morality 
considerations, thereby broadening its acceptance and 
attractiveness (Mansour et al., 2016). Customers with 
higher transaction demand and efficiency and those in 
areas with higher online banking adoption density adopt 



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online banking faster, increasing banking activity and 
transaction efficiency (Xue et al., 2011)

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Data for this study was collected by means of  a survey 
conducted in Khartoum. A total of  300 questionnaire 
forms were delivered to respondents of  which 233 were 
returned giving a response rate of  71 percent. 
Questionnaires were filled in five different banks and in 
different branches by selected customers with different 
banking treatments. This results in a sample that was well 
distributed in terms of  demographic information e.g. age, 
education, income, and treatment period. 
The questionnaire consisted of  questions that related to 
background, possible factors affecting  IB and use of  IB 
services.

Likert five point scales ranging from “strongly agree” to 
“strongly disagree” were used as a basis of  questions. 
The scale has been used in previous TAM related 
researches e.g. Igbaria et al; 1995; Teo et al; 1999, Tero 
and Kari; 2005.     
Additionally, the “neutral” option was allowed in almost 
all questions. 
The questionnaire was developed and tested with a focus 
group consisting of  professionals from Sudan University 
and the banking sector. 
The focus group finally verified that the hypotheses might 
be an affective factor explaining IB acceptance. Based on this 
information the questionnaire was modified and finalized. 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Model 1

Table 1: 
Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate
1 .818a .670 .658 .29312

The model, overall, is satisfactory, as an R² that the model 
could explain about 67% for Actual Usage. The unitary 
analysis of  the independent variables that are considered 
as the factors such as the Perceived- Usefulness, 
Perceived -Ease-of- Use, Cultural-Factors, Trust, 
and Socio-economic Factors establish the significant 
relationship (and pattern) of  the respondents’ internet 
banking usage in Sudan. Though the adjusted R-squared 
of  0.658 is a bit lower than the R-squared value, it yet 
demonstrates good adjustment of  the model. These 

adjustment values consider the number of  any predictor 
variables in the model and render a more cautious 
estimate for how much the model explains considering 
it is possible that the model will have the said problems 
of  an overfit. The standard effect of  the estimate 
(este in short), which shows the average variation that 
the observed values have from the regression line, is 
below 0.29312. This implies that the model’s accuracy 
in forecasting Actual Usage is on average relatively so 
close to the field values.

Table 2: 
ANOVA
Model Sum of  Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 19.875 4 4.969 57.829 .000b

Residual 9.795 114 .086
Total 29.670 118

ANOVA table is the ground zero of  all the results and 
confirming the overall significance of  the modeling of  
variance in the actual usage of  internet banking services 
among respondents in Sudan. The model is highly 
significant as is seen from the F-statistics of  57.829 which 
equals 0.000, denoted as “Sig.” This shows that the model 
provides much better prediction than the null model that 
just picks data randomly. The total sum of  squares for 
this regression model amounts to 19.875, it corresponds 

to the variation of  Actual Usage which is attributable to 
any independent variables that are incorporated in this 
model. Having 4 of  the total degrees of  value points, 
while an average mean value of  4.969 denotes the variance 
breakdown by each dimension vector. On the contrary, total 
sum of  squares (unexplained variance) equals 9.795 with 
several 114 degrees of  freedom as well. In other words, the 
proportion of  Actual Usage not explained by the model’s 
independent variables is conveyed by this figure.

Table 3: 
Coefficients
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig.

B Std. Error Beta
1 (Constant) 2.010 .488 4.120 .000



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The coefficients table presents the estimated regression 
coefficients for the independent variables included in 
the model, along with their standard errors, standardized 
coefficients (Beta), t-values, and associated significance 
levels (p-values). The constant term (Constant) indicates 
the expected value of  the dependent variable when all 
independent variables are zero. In this case, the constant 
term is 2.010, with a standard error of  .488 and a 
significant t-value of  4.120 (p < .001), suggesting that it 
significantly contributes to the model.
Perceived Usefulness (Usefulness) has an unstandardized 
coefficient (B) of  .188, indicating that for every one-unit 
increase in perceived usefulness, there is a corresponding 
increase of  .188 units in Actual Usage of  internet banking. 
The standardized coefficient (Beta) is .156, suggesting a 
moderate positive effect on Actual Usage. The associated 
t-value is 2.109 (p = .037), indicating that perceived 
usefulness is statistically significant in predicting Actual 
Usage.
Perceived Ease of  Use (Perceived ease) has an 

unstandardized coefficient of  -.198, indicating that for 
every one-unit increase in perceived ease of  use, there is 
a corresponding decrease of  .198 units in Actual Usage. 
The standardized coefficient (Beta) is -.197, suggesting a 
moderate negative effect on Actual Usage. The associated 
t-value is -3.219 (p = .002), indicating that perceived 
ease of  use is statistically significant in predicting Actual 
Usage. Trust has an unstandardized coefficient of  .132, 
with a standardized coefficient (Beta) of  .100. Although 
the standardized coefficient suggests a positive effect 
on Actual Usage, the associated t-value is 1.679 (p = 
.096), which is not statistically significant at conventional 
levels (p < .05). Cultural Factors have an unstandardized 
coefficient of  .490, with a standardized coefficient (Beta) 
of  .781. This indicates a strong positive effect of  cultural 
factors on Actual Usage. The associated t-value is 9.634 
(p < .001), indicating that cultural factors significantly 
predict Actual Usage.

Model 2

Usefulness .188 .089 .156 2.109 .037
Perceived ease -.198 .062 -.197 -3.219 .002
Trust .132 .079 .100 1.679 .096
Cultural factor .490 .051 .781 9.634 .000

Table 4: 
Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate
1 .525a .275 .250 .33913

The model’s summary shows a moderate positive 
relationship between independent and dependent 
variables, with a R-squared value of  0.275 and an 
adjusted R-squared value of  0.250. The model’s standard 

error of  estimate is 0.33913, indicating some variability 
in predictions. However, the model’s explanatory power 
may be enhanced by incorporating additional factors not 
accounted for in the model.

Table 5: 
ANOVA
Model Sum of  Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 4.978 4 1.244 10.821 .000b

Residual 13.111 114 .115
Total 18.089 118

The ANOVA table reveals the significance of  the 
regression model in explaining the variance in the 
dependent variable, Actual Usage of  internet banking 
services. The model’s F-statistics of  10.821 and 

p-value of.000 indicate that the independent variables 
significantly explain the variation in the dependent 
variable. The sum of  squares is 4.978, with a mean 
square value of  1.244.

Table 6: 
Coefficients
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig.

B Std. Error Beta
1 (Constant) 3.233 .564 5.727 .000

Usefulness -.331 .103 -.351 -3.204 .002



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These coefficients represent the estimated effects of  
each independent variable on the dependent variable 
(likely Actual Usage of  internet banking services) in the 
regression model. The unstandardized coefficients (B) 
indicate the change in the dependent variable for a one-
unit change in the independent variable, holding other 
variables constant. The standardized coefficients (Beta) 
allow for a comparison of  the relative importance of  
each independent variable in predicting the dependent 
variable. The t-values represent the significance of  each 
coefficient, with associated p-values indicating whether 
the coefficients are statistically significant. In this model, 
perceived usefulness, trust, and to a lesser extent, 
perceived ease of  use, are significant predictors of  actual 

usage of  internet banking services, while cultural factors 
show a borderline significance.
The table reveals the impact of  actual usage and behavioral 
intention models on internet banking adoption in Sudan. 
It reveals that understanding user decisions, prioritizing 
improvements, and developing targeted interventions can 
help banks understand and address the factors influencing 
adoption. The study also suggests that understanding 
these factors can help predict future trends, aiding in 
strategic planning and resource allocation. The findings 
highlight the importance of  cultural understanding in the 
adoption of  internet banking.

Correlation Analysis

Perceived ease .128 .071 .162 1.794 .076
Trust .429 .091 .413 4.700 .000
Cultural factor .113 .059 .231 1.921 .057

Table 7: 
Correlations

Usefulness Perceived ease Trust Behavioural Actual 
usage

Cultural 
factor

Usefulness Pearson Correlation 1 .257** -.135 -.208* .627** .685**
Sig. (2-tailed) .005 .143 .024 .000 .000
N 119 119 119 119 119 119

Perceived 
ease

Pearson Correlation .257** 1 .199* .238** .146 .361**
Sig. (2-tailed) .005 .030 .009 .114 .000
N 119 119 119 119 119 119

Trust Pearson Correlation -.135 .199* 1 .431** -.171 -.269**
Sig. (2-tailed) .143 .030 .000 .063 .003
N 119 119 119 119 119 119

Behavioural Pearson Correlation -.208* .238** .431** 1 -.105 -.062
Sig. (2-tailed) .024 .009 .000 .256 .501
N 119 119 119 119 119 119

Actual 
Usage

Pearson Correlation .627** .146 -.171 -.105 1 .790**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .114 .063 .256 .000
N 119 119 119 119 119 119

Cultural 
Factor

Pearson Correlation .685** .361** -.269** -.062 .790** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .003 .501 .000
N 119 119 119 119 119 119

The correlation matrix provides insights into the 
relationships among the variables under study. Notably, 
significant correlations (p < 0.01) are observed 
between several pairs of  variables. Perceived usefulness 
demonstrates a strong positive correlation with both 
Actual Usage (0.627**) and Cultural Factor (0.685**), 
indicating that individuals who perceive internet banking 
as useful are more likely to use it frequently and are 
influenced by cultural factors. Similarly, Perceived Ease 
of  Use exhibits a moderately positive correlation with 
Cultural Factor (0.361**) and a weak positive correlation 

with Actual Usage (0.146). Trust shows a moderately 
strong positive correlation with Behavioral Intention 
(0.431**) and a weak negative correlation with Actual 
Usage (-0.171). Actual Usage is strongly correlated with 
both Perceived Usefulness (0.627**) and Cultural Factor 
(0.790**), suggesting that individuals who use internet 
banking services frequently perceive them as useful and 
are influenced by cultural factors. Additionally, Cultural 
Factor demonstrates a strong positive correlation 
with Actual Usage (0.790**) and Perceived Usefulness 
(0.685**), indicating the significant influence of  cultural 



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reveal that features like venue, user-friendliness, trust 
management, and cultural factors play important parts 
in deciding customers’ actual use of  internet banking 
products. Important are the design and the functionality 
for the customers with the aim of  reaching the highest 
satisfaction and enhanced banking experience. Socio-
cultural factors are also factors that should be factored 
in, which increases the need for banks to package their 
services for them to be compatible with what the African 
Sudanese culture prefers. Security and credibility are 
important, but this does not surely impact adoption (the 
crafting of  the block chain system cannot point to any 
factor but in the case of  adoption). Through mobile 
devices use as digital commercial instruments are rising; 
millions worldwide can now receive quick, low cost and 
safe money services. Yet, there are some limitations that 
stop TAM constructs from fully understanding Sudanese 
behavior toward the switch. This study highlights the 
need for a deep knowledge of  the non-traditional factors 
that fuel the growth of  electronic payment systems 
particularly in Sudan. This information can strategically 
guide government, business, or other social parties in 
enhancing the effectiveness and acceptance of  electronic 
payment systems in the future.

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Ahmed, E. M., & Ammar, A. (2020). Achieving 
sustainability in Sudan through microfinance and 
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Finance Research, 4(1), 8-14. 

Aldammagh, Z., Abdeljawad, R., & Obaid, T. (2021). 
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of  perceived security on the relationship between 

factors on internet banking adoption and perceived 
usefulness. These correlations collectively provide 
valuable insights into the interplay between perceived 
utility, ease of  use, trust, cultural factors, behavioral 
intentions, and actual usage of  internet banking services.

Discussion
The rapid growth of  information technology and 
communication has significantly impacted global 
lifestyles, particularly in business conduct, with electronic 
payment becoming a key aspect (Sleiman et al., 2021).   The 
experimental Examination of  Technology Acceptance 
Model (TAM) in e-payment system dimensions in Sudan 
is important since it affords insights on the determinants 
of  internet financial engineering in the country (Uche et 
al., 2021). The findings were concluded with the point 
to the high-level utility, user friendly, mutually trust 
management and cultural aspects that influence the 
customers’ actual usage of  the internet banking products 
(Lok, 2015). The growth of  electronic payment systems, 
which involve electronic transactions between consumers 
and retailers, has been driven by the widespread use of  
internet-based banking and shopping, playing a crucial 
role in contemporary electronic commerce (Hassan et 
al., 2020).  Technological innovation is a key factor in 
promoting innovative electronic communications and 
transactions, making it an essential antecedent (Rahman 
et al., 2022).
Overall, useful thinking and usability were found to be the 
necessary factors for internet banking to be successful, 
implying that it is vital to make the design and functions 
convenient for customers because good user experience is 
a key to keeping them satisfied and enhance their banking 
experiences (Chau & Lai, 2003). Furthermore, the study 
finds cultural variables as a very powerful predictor of  the 
actual usage, thus banks should try to put their services 
in a par with the social cultural hues and choices of  the 
customer in the Sudanese society (Keller & Brennan, 
2007).  There is a positive but statistically significant link 
between security and online banking usage with trust, but 
trust doesn’t significantly influence adoption (Aribake & 
Mat Aji, 2020). Credibility influences internet banking 
perception, but security, reliability, and context limitations 
exist. TAM constructs in Sudan may not fully explain 
user behavior towards switching. Mobile technology is a 
crucial ICT financial instrument in emerging economies, 
offering fast, affordable, and secure finance to millions 
worldwide through the first mobile banking application 
(Sleiman et al., 2022). 

CONCLUSION
There are certain critical issues, such as compliance with 
electronic payment systems and the wider use of  internet 
banking, that are pivotal to the issues of  advancement 
and education. The Technology Acceptance Model 
(TAM) has played a significant role in a country’s internet 
financial engineering by investigating the main predictive 
variables (determinants). First, the survey results 



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