American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 28, May - 2024 302 | P a g e EVACUATION POLICY OF THE SOVIET GOVERNMENT TO TURKESTAN Saidmurod Saidvokkosovich Тurakhujaev Basic Doctorate of Andizhan State University, Republic of Uzbekistan e-mail: saidmoxidil@gmail.com Abstract: In the 20s of the 20th century, this article describes the evacuation of the starving population of the famine-stricken regions of Russia to the Turkestan ASSR and their resettlement, provision of food, clothing and other supplies. Also, on the basis of archival materials and scientific literature, the aid provided by the state to the starving people evacuated to our country and the good deeds of the tolerant Turkestan population to the resettled peoples, as well as the reasons and processes of the Soviet government's evacuation of the starving people to Turkestan were analyzed and an objective solution was obtained. Keywords: famine, famine relief commission, famine areas, evacuation, tolerance, clothing, food, shelter. Introduction Soviet Russia began to organize the Central Evacuation Department in order to evacuate the starving population of the Turkestan ASSR. By the decision of the Turkish Commission and Turkestan State Committee No. 80 of July 22, 1920, the Regulation on the Turkestan Region Population Evacuation Department was adopted. The Turkestan Region Population Evacuation Department (Krayevak-S.T.) is the government body of the RSFSR for Turkestan affairs, and its rights and privileges, as well as the right to report to the commission of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, were implemented based on this Regulation [1]. The Department of Population Evacuation of the Turkestan Territory and its local authorities were directly subordinated to the Central Department of Population Evacuation of the RSFSR and were under the overall control of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee for Turkestan Affairs [2]. RESEARCH METHODS The decisions of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR dated April 27, 1918 and January 28, 1919 assigned several tasks to the Central Department of Population Evacuation, that is, the Department of Population Evacuation of the Turkestan Region by the decision of May, it was determined to fulfill the orders of the Revolutionary Military Council of the RSFSR, the tasks of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs and the People's Commissariat of Health [3]. Decisions of the Population Evacuation Department of the Turkestan Region, which is considered the competent body for the transfer of various American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 28, May - 2024 303 | P a g e population representatives from one region to another, are considered binding for all institutions and agencies in the Republic of Turkestan. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS A special representative appointed by the Central Department of Population Evacuation and one assistant from the Government of Turkestan approved by TurTsIK and Tsentervak, and a second assistant from the Russian Federation worked at the beginning of Krayevak under the Government of the Republic of Turkestan. The fulfillment of the tasks assigned to the Turkestan regional administration for the evacuation of the population was carried out under the general leadership and responsibility of a specially authorized person [4]. The Central Department of Evacuation of the Population of Turkestan was organizationally composed of 4 regional and 15 district departments. In addition, within the administration, feeding and medical assistance points for 1,100 people in Tashkent and 1,000 people in Chernyaev have been established [5]. In 1916, 1917, 1918, in connection with the liquidation of the Turkestan Special Commission for the return of refugees who fled to China from Ettisuv and the transfer of its functions to the Ettisuv evacuation service, 3 more evacuation points of Zharkent, Przhevalsk and Lentsinsk were established in the Semirechensk region [6]. The reason for the organization of the main evacuation points in Turkestan in accordance with the new conditions was the fact that all cities (except Semirechya - S.T.) are located along the railway. This organization faced financial problems due to the fact that it was established during the economic hardship and famine in the country. Moreover, funding from the center was set, but the center allocated less funds. Even their financial and property resources were so weak that they could not carry out any organizational work without the help of the local population. However, at this time there was a problem of lack of funds in all bodies of the Turkestan ASSR. For example, according to the calculations made in 1921, due to the lack of banknotes, the Center allocated 5 million in July-August and 10 million in September to the Central Committee for the Evacuation of the Republic's population. With such small funds, it was not possible to provide the department with sufficient conditions. Also, funds for the establishment of anti-epidemic institutions were not paid at all. Even the medical centers did not have enough beds and blankets for the sick, and the dining centers lacked kitchen equipment [7]. In the country, on July 21, 1921, on the order of the Center, the "Central Commission for Helping the Hungry" was established under the Turkestan MIQ [8]. The commissions of the Central Commission for Helping the Hungry have been established in regions, uezds, cities, villages, and villages, and they are charged with the task of collecting and purchasing food products, organizing events, donations, and sending the collected products to the population in famine areas. On July 25, 1921, the local newspaper "Izvestia" of the Turkestan MIQ and Kompartiya press office published an appeal of the "Central Commission for Helping the Hungry" entitled "To all workers, peasants and hard workers" [9]. In it, there is a famine in the wheat-growing centers of Russia, more than 10 million people are starving, among them the elderly and children are dying of hunger, even the agriculture of the provinces is American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 28, May - 2024 304 | P a g e completely destroyed, and if emergency measures are not taken, the agriculture of Soviet Russia will also be destroyed. possibility, as well as calls from Turkestans to help the people of the governorates suffering from hunger, to collect wheat, rice, cottonseed oil, dried fruits and clothes for the hungry, and to send the collected products immediately [10]. In Turkestan, the issue of helping the population of the famine-stricken provinces of Russia was warmly welcomed by workers, carters, and artisans. As a result, starting from July 1921, the work of collecting food, clothes, money and donating wages of workers of enterprises, organizations and institutions began in the localities [11]. For example, in July 1921, the workers of the Sulukta coal mine decided to distribute bread sticks, and the workers of the Kyzylkia coal mine 10% of their monthly wages [12]. Also, by the end of July 1921, the residents of Tashkent sent 10 wagons of grain and 6 wagons of fish products to Orenburg [13]. In the fall of 1921, 600,000 pounds of grain was sent as aid to the starving population of Orenburg, Samara, Kazan, Ufa and other famine-stricken provinces [14]. Despite the implementation of measures related to feeding people in the famine regions of Russia, the economic situation is still deteriorating and the food problem is getting worse day by day. Based on this situation, the evacuation of part of the hungry population to productive areas began. In connection with the beginning of the evacuation process, the Turkestan MIQ adopted a special decree in July 1921. According to it, it was determined that Turkestan should prepare for the reception of hungry people from the famine-stricken areas of Russia, and for the solution of these issues, a special "troika" consisting of regional, urban and rural authorities was established [15]. As a result, preparations for receiving Russian troops have begun in the regions of Turkestan. On October 19, 1921, the Central Executive Committee of the Turkestan ASSR adopted a new decision No. 121 on the organization of the process of evacuation of the hungry in Russia [16]. In it, it is determined that the work of accepting the resettled people to the country is entrusted to the commission on human rights appointed under the Ministry of Interior of Turkestan, as well as the need for the country's leadership and this commission to carry out propaganda and explanatory work on helping the hungry among the local population of Turkestan. Because the calls and appeals of the Soviet authorities in the country were of great importance in the evacuation of the hungry to Turkestan and the implementation of relief work for the hungry. In this way, people were called to explain the consequences and horror of famine and not to be indifferent to the fate of the hungry people coming to the country. One such appeal was delivered to the people on September 25, 1921. This appeal was confirmed by the signatures of Turkestan MIQ chairman A. Rahimboev and Turkestan SSC chairman Q. Otaboev. In this appeal, it was stated that "in the central gubernias and autonomous republics of Russia, crop failure occurred due to the vagaries of nature and drought, as a result of which thousands of people were left in the vortex of hunger, they died due to lack of food, the aid provided by the state to the hungry is not enough, it is the responsibility of every person to be active in the solution of these problems. duty, as well as the fact that the state has begun to temporarily relocate the population of the famine areas to Ukraine, Siberia and Turkestan, that those coming to Turkestan should be treated as American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 28, May - 2024 305 | P a g e brothers, that they should be provided with food, clothing, and a place to live by our own houses and by public and state farms [17]. With the beginning of the initial official evacuation process from the famine-stricken regions of Russia, the leadership of the country faced great organizational difficulties. The reason for this was the large number of evacuees and the organization of the evacuation process. Turkestan began to receive hungry people evacuated from Volgaboyi and Uralold in August and early September 1921. At the beginning of August 1921, 6,000 representatives of the population were evacuated to Turkestan from famine areas. The organized flow of displaced persons to Turkestan is brought by railway. Evacuation work begins so rapidly that according to the initial plan, Turkestan is set to receive 950-1000 hungry people from Samara and Krasnovodsk regions in a day. That is why, despite the difficulties associated with evacuation, Turkestan received thousands of people every day. CONCLUSION So, as a result of the establishment of the Soviet power in Turkestan and the establishment of the administration system in the country by the Center, the Turkestans were involved in the work of rescuing the hungry in the famine regions of Russia and the evacuation of the hungry to Turkestan. The young Republic of Turkestan, on the other hand, was experiencing very difficult difficulties, but the country's leaders and local people were able to implement all measures to help the hungry. On the one hand, he provided food to a part of the population of the famine-stricken regions of Russia, and on the other hand, he prepared to receive representatives of the population who were to be relocated from those regions to the country. Also, all the organizations in the Turkestan ASSR fulfilled the tasks sent by the Center to the extent possible in helping the hungry and accepting the evacuees. REFERENCES 1. Известия, №171, 1 август 1920 г. 2. National Archive of Uzbekistan, fund R-621, list 1, case 51, sheet 18 3. National Archive of Uzbekistan, fund R-621, list 1, case 51, sheet 116 4. National Archive of Uzbekistan, Fund R-621, List 1, Case 51, Sheet 117 5. National Archive of Uzbekistan, fund R-22, list 1, case 1, sheet 2. 6. Мамадалиев И.А. Из истории помощи Туркестанской АССР голодающему населению Поволжья (1921 - 1923 гг.). – Худжанд: Рахим Джалил, 2003. С.53 7. Известия, №156, июля 1921 г. 8. Известия, №159, 21 июля 1921 г. 9. Мустабид тузумнинг Ўзбекистон миллий бойликларини талаш сиёсати: тарих шоҳидлиги ва сабоқлари (1865-1990 йиллар) //Масъул муҳаррир: Д.А.Алимова. –Т.: «Шарқ», 2000. –Б.243 10. National Archive of Uzbekistan, fund R-25, list 1, case 665, sheet 91 http://n.ziyouz.com/kutubxona/category/22-tarixiy-kitoblar?download=10790:mustabid-tuzumning-o-zbekiston-milliy-boyliklarini-talash-siyosati&start=100 http://n.ziyouz.com/kutubxona/category/22-tarixiy-kitoblar?download=10790:mustabid-tuzumning-o-zbekiston-milliy-boyliklarini-talash-siyosati&start=100 http://n.ziyouz.com/kutubxona/category/22-tarixiy-kitoblar?download=10790:mustabid-tuzumning-o-zbekiston-milliy-boyliklarini-talash-siyosati&start=100 American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 28, May - 2024 306 | P a g e 11. Мустабид тузумнинг Ўзбекистон миллий бойликларини талаш сиёсати: тарих шоҳидлиги ва сабоқлари (1865-1990 йиллар) // Масъул муҳаррир: Д.А.Алимова. –Т.: «Шарқ», 2000. –Б. 245 12. National Archives of Uzbekistan, fund R-25, list 1, case 415, sheet 3. 13. Суворов С.А. Туркестанский экономический район в первые годы НЭПа 1921-1925 гг. -Ташкент: Фан, 1968. –С.67 14. National Archive of Uzbekistan, fund R-17, list 1, case 287, sheet 64. 15. Расулов А. Туркистон ва Россия халқлари ўртасидаги муносабатлари. Тошкент:“Turon-Iqbol”, 2016. –Б. 88 16. Расулов А. Туркистон ва Волгабўйи, Уралолди халқлари ўртасидаги муносабатлар (1917-1924 йиллар) Тошкент.; «Университет», 2005. –Б.103. 17. National Archive of Uzbekistan, fund R-17, list 1, case 926, sheet 54. http://n.ziyouz.com/kutubxona/category/22-tarixiy-kitoblar?download=10790:mustabid-tuzumning-o-zbekiston-milliy-boyliklarini-talash-siyosati&start=100 http://n.ziyouz.com/kutubxona/category/22-tarixiy-kitoblar?download=10790:mustabid-tuzumning-o-zbekiston-milliy-boyliklarini-talash-siyosati&start=100 http://n.ziyouz.com/kutubxona/category/22-tarixiy-kitoblar?download=10790:mustabid-tuzumning-o-zbekiston-milliy-boyliklarini-talash-siyosati&start=100