American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 28, May - 2024 423 | P a g e THE IMPORTANCE OF HISTORICAL AND MODERN SOURCES IN TEACHING THE LIFE AND WORK OF ALISHER NAVOI Ishonkhanova Iroda Abduvakhitovna Teacher of The Department of Uzbek Literature Education at The Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature Named After Alisher Navai, Doctor of Philosophy in Pedagogical Sciences (PhD) irodaishanxonova@gmail.com +998909445246 Abstract The teaching of Uzbek classical literature in the general secondary education system is one of the most important and urgent issues today. The article discusses the effective use of sources in the study of Alisher Navoi's life and work. Keywords: general secondary education system, life and work of Alisher Navoi, historical source, modern source, "Makorim ul-akhlaq", question, task. Introduction Changes in the life of the society are also affecting the education system. New approaches to training and the use of various innovative methods are not new today. Teaching Uzbek classic literature is a relatively difficult subject of today's general secondary education system. In order to educate the future generation in the spirit of love for the Motherland and literature, it is necessary for a science teacher to be able to demonstrate the beauty of classic literature examples. The reforms implemented in the educational system create the need to improve the existing methodology by teaching the works of Alisher Navoi based on modern, innovative approaches in literary education. Developing high human qualities in them by teaching the work of the nation's thinkers and sages to the young generation, paying special attention to the work of Alisher Navoi in this regard, is one of the important tasks that will not lose its importance. If we look at the literature textbooks of secondary schools, in particular, the textbooks used until the 2022-2023 academic year, materials related to the life and work of Alisher Navoi were given in each grade from the 5th to the 11th grade. In addition to the poet's ghazals, rubai, poems, stories, epics, we can include information about his life, memories of his contemporaries, works written about him by modern artists. It is assumed that the works included in the high school textbook correspond to the young psychology, intellectual abilities and interests of the students. In the new textbooks used in schools today, that is, in the 6th, 7th, and 10th grade literature textbooks, there is an attempt to present examples of Alisher Navoi's relatively simpler and American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 28, May - 2024 424 | P a g e smaller works. In particular, from the 6th grade, Navoi's rubai and wise words, from the 7th grade, the continent and its individuals, and from the 10th grade, a fragment of the epic "Saddi Iskandarii" took place. In the previous literature textbook of the 6th grade, the work "Mahbub ul-Qulub", which is considered the summary of Alisher Navoi's life, was included. For an 11-12-year-old child, it was somewhat difficult to accept the opinions of a 60-year-old artist with a lot of life experience, in our opinion. It is known that the period in which Alisher Navoi lived has an important place in history with its developments in the field of science and culture. It is necessary to make effective use of the literary heritage of that period in order to familiarize students with this environment, to create a broader understanding of the period when the foundation stone of the Uzbek literary language was laid, and when high artistic and scientific works were created. The following sources should be used to study the lives of creators in terms of literary theory: 1. Information about the life of the creator in his works. 2. Memories of contemporaries about the artist. 3. Works created about the writer (mainly in XX-XXI centuries). So, when talking about the life path and personality of Alisher Navoi, we should pay attention to these aspects. In this regard, many sources can be found in the treasury of Uzbek literature. For example, in the textbook "History of Uzbek Literature" by literary scholar Natan Mallayev, the following narration from Khondamir's "Makorim ul-Akhlaq" about Navoi's high zeal is given, which you will not find in school textbooks: "... during the time of Abusaid, on Friday after performing the Friday prayer in the mosque inside the city of Herat, I went there to walk in the alley. When I approached "Mufarrah" street, I saw a beggar sitting with his head and legs bare. He used to say: - I am a woman, I have several hungry and naked children, I have been sitting and begging since morning, so far no one has given me any money. He (Navoi) said that at that time I had a coin with me, but I had nothing of worldly wealth. I said to myself: trust in the Creator of small and great things, and give this coin to this dervish, so that he will prepare his children's food for today, and God himself will provide you with tomorrow's sustenance. I immediately gave him the coin and left. I returned from walking in the alley until prayer time. On my way back, I saw that the dervish was still sitting in the same place, saying his earlier words. I was surprised by his extreme lies and extreme greed in begging. But I didn't tell him that I was aware of this case..." Literature teacher Alisher Navoi should pay attention to the wider use of sources when giving information about the way of life. Today, the main goal of education is not only to acquire a certain amount of knowledge, skills and qualifications, but also to prepare him as an independent subject of educational activity. Modern education is based on the activity of both the teacher and the student. It is this goal that is aimed at educating a creative, active person who knows how to learn independently and improve his knowledge. An innovative approach to learning allows you American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 28, May - 2024 425 | P a g e to organize the learning process in a way that brings both joy and benefit to the child, rather than becoming just an interesting activity or game. The issue of instilling the spiritual and cultural heritage of our ancestors, who contributed to the development of science and culture, to students who are our future heirs is one of the urgent problems of our time. In the implementation of this task, the main burden, as a rule, falls more on the science of literature. After all, the main goal of teaching literature in secondary school is to form the spiritual world of a perfect person who has sound thinking, strong faith, understands the feelings of others, has deep perception, high taste, is morally sound, mentally mature, and can fully control his actions. Studying the works of Alisher Navoi serves to educate a perfect person. Studying the writer's biography helps to know his views, to see the uniqueness of his personality, character and destiny. Each literary work reflects the personality of its author, expresses the position of the author. It serves to lead schoolchildren to an objective understanding of the literary text. In order for students not only to know the information about the writer's life, but also to be able to think based on the given information, the teacher should put them in problematic situations. This is by clarifying the writer's attitude to social events ("Why did Alisher Navoi patronize the people of science?", "Why did Navoi pay a lot of attention to beautification works?"), with science ("What information do you know about Navoi's scientific works on the Uzbek language and literature?" ), with spirituality ("How did Navoi interact with his teachers?", "Do you think that Ansari's grave was swept around is a historical fact?", "Which contemporary's memories of Alisher Navoi moved you?"). Excerpts from Khondamir's work "Makorim ul-Akhlaq" are presented in the 11th grade "Literature" textbook. They talk about the construction of the "Khusravia", "Ikhlosiya" madrasas, and the "Khalosiya" house, as well as a passage containing the confessions of Maulana Lutfi. The student, who learned about this incident in the 5th grade, will never forget this high grade given by his teacher to young Alisher. Here are two more stories. One of them depicts Amir (Alisher Navoi), who does not want to harm even an ant, while the second story tells about Amir, who sent all the grain in his warehouse to the people without any malice. "From childhood to the end of his life, Amir, who attained guidance, spent most of his blessed time in the pursuit of knowledge and maturity, even for a moment he did not stop learning various knowledge and acquiring various skills." "... if the poets who lived in earlier times had reached the blessed times of His Holiness [and seen this blissful time], they would have closed their poetry notebooks (i.e. packed up their poetry writing) and rushed from different parts of the world to his threshold, which is the place of virtue." The above ideas are taken from Khondamir's work "Makorim ul-Akhlaq". The passage shows Alisher Navoi's great humanity and the author's immense respect for him. Works about Alisher Navoi, created by modern artists, also increase children's interest and love for the sultan of ghazals. In addition to poems and epics, we consider it necessary to American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 28, May - 2024 426 | P a g e dwell on two major novels. Oibek's novel "Navoiy" is a work that has been actively used for many years as one of the important sources about the great poet and his time, while the novel "Alisher Navoiy" by Isajon Sultan, published in 2021, is of incomparable value as it was created based on a new approach. If information and tasks were prepared comparing these novels, the effectiveness of educational activities would be increased. It became clear from the analysis of the textbooks of the general education school "Literature" that we used many historical and modern sources about the life and creative activity of Alisher Navoi. These sources help us to get a better understanding of the personality of our great poet. In general, today's era requires the development of educational materials related to the life and work of Alisher Navoi in an innovative form using modern approaches in school education. References 1. To‘xliyev B.va boshqalar. Adabiyot. Darslik. Umumiy o‘rta taʼlim maktablarining 11-sinf o‘quvchilari uchun. I qism. – Toshkent: O‘zbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi, 2018. – 200b. 2. Маллаев Н. Ўзбек адабиёти тарихи. – Тошкент: Ўқитувчи, 1965. – 748б 3. Султон И. Алишер Навоий. Роман. – Тошкент: Адабиёт, 2021. – 512б.