American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 28, May - 2024 436 | P a g e DESCRIPTION OF CHARACTER TRAITS AND CRITERIA Ismailova Shahlo Valijonovna Tashkent Institute of Economics and Pedagogy Teacher of Pedagogy and Psychology Abstract In this article, the socialization of a person, definitions of character, character types, types, as well as the criteria of specific characteristics of social relations, emotional aspects of character, intellectual aspects of character. Keywords. Personality, character, society, socialization, behavior, methods, psychology, pedagogy, values, courage, conscientiousness, sincerity, honesty, goodness, kindness, demandingness, arrogance, thoroughness, frugality and in others, negative qualities - selfishness, avarice. Introduction Each person differs from any other person by his individual psychological characteristics. In this process, the main focus is on the problem of character. The word "character" is derived from the Greek word meaning "mark, sign". Any person who lives and works in social life differs from other people with his individual-psychological characteristics, and these differences are expressed in his character traits. Therefore, all individual characteristics of a person cannot be included in the character trait. An example of this is individual psychological characteristics, such as ingenuity, stability of memory, sharpness of vision. Despite the different definitions of character in the science of psychology, its main features are consistent with each other. For example, a complex of stable features of a person's behavior, which is manifested in behavior and attitude related to typical methods, is called character. A person's relationship with society is his main characteristic. The main feature of the character is that it is always manifested in activity, in the attitude of a person to the environment and people. When determining a person's character, it is not the fact that that person has shown courage, conscientiousness, sincerity, but rather that this person is said to be a brave, upright, sincere person, that is, the characteristics of the person's character belong to the person himself. . But not all characteristics are unique to a person, they must be important and stable. Character is a unique basis, core of a person. The most important characteristics of a person as a subject of activity, communication and knowledge are concentrated in the character, as in the focus. Character is formed throughout life and can change over time. Character can be expressed in the content and form of behavior in the goal that a person aims for and the means or methods of its implementation. One of the physiological conditions of the origin of character traits is the formation of various dynamic stereotypes based on the migration mechanism. Temperament type is one American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 28, May - 2024 437 | P a g e of the important psychological conditions in the emergence of individual characteristics of character. The interconnected, interdependent whole organism of certain features of the human character is called its structure (structure). The interconnected system of mental characteristics is called symptom complexes or factors. There are 4 systems of character traits: 1. Characteristics that express attitudes towards a team, a group, a certain person (goodness, kindness, demandingness, arrogance, etc.) 2. Features that reflect the attitude towards labor activities (hardworking, laziness, conscientiousness, responsible or irresponsible attitude to work, etc.); 3. Features that express the attitude towards things and objects (freedom or dirtiness, approach to things without pity or pity, etc.); 4. Characteristics of a person's attitude towards himself (self-respect, ambition, pride, arrogance, humility, etc). Their level of depth to the features of the character structure; activity, power; stability, immutability; to a certain degree plasticity. The characteristics that make up the character are called his qualities and consist of spiritual and voluntary categories. A characteristic is not innate and unchangeable, therefore it is formed depending on the living conditions of a person, changing and being educated. As long as this is the case, the individual qualitative features of the psyche will be able to determine the character traits only when they are combined with the social typical relations of the person. Character is not directly related to heredity, because it is determined by social norms. The relationship between character and temperament is characterized by their physiological basis. There are several different psychological mechanisms in the formation of character, in which habits play an important role. In addition, character is not limited to universal qualities, it also has national and ethnopsychological characteristics. Therefore, Uzbeks have their own national character traits. After independence, due to the restoration of national spirituality and values, the pure qualities of character are becoming stable. The essence, structure and types of character are studied by a special field of psychology - characterology. As a feature common to character and temperament, a person's physiological characteristics and, first of all, dependence on the type of nervous system. Temperament determines aspects of character such as proportionality or imbalance of behavior, mobility or slowness of affect, etc. But temperament does not predetermine character. People with the same characteristics of temperament can have completely different characters. Temperament features can help or resist the formation of one or another facet of character. Facets of character are psychological features that determine a person's behavior in general conditions. Courage or cowardice is shown in dangerous situations, sociability or humanity - in communication situations, calmness or confusion - in stressful situations. The individual properties of the character are interrelated and they form a whole product called character structure. They distinguish two different groups of edges in the character structure. In the first situation, they distinguish the will, emotional and mental aspects because all aspects of the character are related to mental processes. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 28, May - 2024 438 | P a g e Volitional facets of character are stable individual-typological features of conscious, conceptual-instrumental control of behavior and activity. Volitional aspects of character determine the ability and readiness of a person to consciously manage his activities related to overcoming difficulties, orient his behavior in accordance with certain principles and tasks. Volitional aspects of character include goal orientation, independence, determination, courage, self-control, courage, fortitude, discipline, patience, etc. Different qualities of will determine the will structure of a person's character. The main features of the structure of the will include integrity of character - stability of views and thoughts in different situations, unity of words and actions, strength of character - human mobility, overcoming difficulties in situations of constant tension; strength of character - unity of strength of character with reason; composure - a comfortable ratio of activity and calmness, evenness of behavior, use of one's capabilities in different conditions. Emotional aspects of character are stable individual-typological features of direct, self-directed movement. When talking about the emotional aspects of the character, the indicator of arousal, the person's real events, what he likes and dislikes, indifference, and the dominant mood are considered. The most important emotional characteristic of a person is his dominant mood, his emotional stability. Along with emotions, the aspects of a person's character are determined by the specific characteristics of sensations. The breadth and depth of stable sensations, reality, harmony with the mental and volitional sphere is an important characterological feature of a person. Emotional aspects of character include: intensity, impressionability, curiosity, inactivity, indifference, immediacy, etc. Intellectual facets of character are stable individual-typological characteristics of mental abilities. When talking about the intellectual aspects of the character, first of all, the quality of the mind is taken into account. According to intellectual qualities, the owners of theoretical or practical minds differ according to different levels of flexibility and depth of mind, speed of thought processes, creative change of elements of experience, diversity of abilities, independence of creating and solving new problems. Intellectual facets of character include curiosity, judgment, meticulousness, etc. In other situations, character traits are considered in accordance with the orientation of the person. The content of personality orientation is manifested in the attitude towards people, activities, environment and oneself. In the same way, it is manifested in the presence of a person's attitude to the environment or certain considerations, perception and knowledge of the world, and the absence of principles. A person's attitude to society and other people is determined by the quality of personality and character of a person, his morality. The system of attitudes towards other people unites in four different main drawings: "I am good and all people are good" - a holistic-oriented drawing, benevolence, high social communicativeness, cheerfulness, balanced self-evaluation and aspirations of the same level, in difficult situations characteristic of socially adapted individuals who are distinguished by the stability of their psyche. "I'm bad, and everyone else is good" - characteristic of people who have low self-esteem and low aspirations, are indecisive, constantly doubt their own abilities, show mental instability in difficult situations, have difficulty establishing social American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 28, May - 2024 439 | P a g e relationships life drawing. "I'm good and everyone else is bad" is a characteristic of people with an excessive level of aspirations and high self-esteem. They are characterized by arrogance, selfishness, determination to the point of cruelty, and the right to act independently. "I am bad and all people are bad" is the point of view of incurable pessimists who expect only bad from life. A person's attitude to work and other types of activities determines hard work, elimination of difficulties at work, conscientious performance, etc. The negative qualities of this group include apathy, laziness, laziness, etc. Relating to things as a product of human labor is thoroughness, thriftiness, etc., negative qualities - selfishness, greed, unlimited self-interest, unceasing desire for criteria, "luxurious life". Each person has a desire to relate to himself - "I-concept". The image of the real "I" consists of a number of components: cognitive - the image of appearance, moral qualities, mental characteristics, social significance; emotional - self-respect, self-satisfaction, self- humiliation, etc.; self-affirmation is a desire for self-affirmation, recognition of one's advantages by other individuals. All aspects of human personality can be conditionally divided into motivational and instrumental types. Motivational aspects stimulate and direct activity, and instrumental ones give it a certain style. Character is manifested in the choice of the goal of activity, as well as the motivational edge of a person. However, when the goal is determined, the character is manifested in its instrumental role, that is, it determines the means of achieving the intended goal. Character is one of the main expressions of personality. That is why personality aspects can be considered as character aspects. Among such aspects, first of all, it is necessary to mention those that determine the choice of the purpose of the activity of the personality. These include conformity, frugality, or their opposite. Secondly, aspects such as determination, goal orientation, and consistency are included in the composition of character. Thirdly, the character structure includes instrumental aspects directly related to temperament, for example, extraversion - introversion, calmness - anxiety, restraint - impulsivity, impressionability - rigidity, etc. Character typology consists in the presence of certain typical aspects. Typical expressions and aspects of character are the aspects and expressions of character that are common to some groups of people. Accordingly, character type means the expression of individual character traits common to some group of people. All typologies of human characters arise from the following general ideas: a) human character develops relatively early in ontogeny and manifests itself as a more or less stable personality structure throughout the rest of life; b) the combination of personality aspects in the character is not accidental; c) the main aspects of the character of most people can be divided into groups accordingly. The creation of character typologies is not always based on scientific methods. One of the ways to create typologies is to explain a person's character and actions through his date of birth. According to this principle, various methods of predicting a person's fate and character are called astrology. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 28, May - 2024 440 | P a g e Physiognomics - the doctrine of the connection between a person's appearance and his belonging to a certain personality type - also greatly influenced the study of character. The main idea of this doctrine consists in the assumption that it is possible to determine the psychological characteristics of a person belonging to one or another type based on external signs. I.K., who believed that the main way to know a person's character is to study the structure of the head, the shape of the skull, and facial expressions. Lafater's physiognomic system was widely popular. The concept of "accentuation" was introduced to psychology by K. Leongard. Accentuation of character is the excessive development of certain character traits to the detriment of others, as a result of which interactions with others deteriorate. According to Leongard, personality accentuation is manifested primarily in communication with other people. Therefore, certain types of accentuation can be distinguished when evaluating communication styles. K. Leongard gives the following types: 1. The hyperthymic type is characterized by extreme sociability, alertness, strong expressiveness of gestures, facial expressions and pantomime. In such a person, deviation from the initial topic of the conversation is observed. Due to the fact that he does not pay enough attention to his duties in the service and family, he has random conflicts with the people around him. People of this type are often the initiators of disputes, but they are offended if they hear reprimands about it from those around them. Among the positive qualities of people of this type are agility, thirst for activity, morale, and initiative. At the same time, they have some unpleasant aspects: light nature, tendency to immoral actions, over-impulsivity, naivety, not taking their duties seriously enough. They are difficult to adapt to the conditions of strict discipline, boring activities and forced solitude. 2. Dysthymic type - this type is characterized by low sociability, poverty, dominant mood of depression. Such people, as a rule, do not leave the house, suffer from noise, do not participate in disputes, live a humanist lifestyle. They value their friends and are willing to obey them. Among the positive qualities of people of this type: seriousness, conscientiousness, and honesty. But they also have unpleasant qualities, among them: slowness, slowness of thinking, uncoordinated actions, individuality. 3. Cycloid type - they are characterized by frequent periodic mood swings, as a result of which the way of communication with the surrounding people also changes. In times of high mood, such people are approachable, and in times of depression, they have aspects such as humanity. During periods of high spirits, they behave like people with hyperthymic accentuation, and during depression, like people with dysthymic accentuation. 4. Excitable type - they are characterized by low sociability, slowness of verbal and non- verbal influence. In many cases, such people tend to be angry and rude, rude and quarrelsome, and they are active in this. They do not go out with the team, they rule the family. In a state of emotional calm, people of this type are conscientious, thorough, love animals and young children. But they are impressionable and impulsive when they are emotionally aroused, and they cannot control their actions well. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 28, May - 2024 441 | P a g e 5. Shrinking type - they are characterized by average sociability, squeamishness, tendency to suggestiveness, and scarcity. In disputes, such a person usually appears as an initiative, active party. He strives to achieve high performance in everything he does, he is very demanding of himself, especially sensitive to social justice, at the same time, he is angry, resentful, suspicious, vengeful; sometimes very self-confident, proud, jealous, very demanding of relatives and subordinates at work. 6. Official type - a person of this type does not enter into conflicts, takes the weak side. In the service, the official makes many formal demands on the people around him. At the same time, he willingly gives way to others in leadership. Sometimes he makes great demands on the cleanliness of his relatives. Its positive aspects are: conscientiousness, thoroughness, seriousness, reliability in work, and its unpleasant and conflict-causing aspects are formality, squeamishness, rudeness. 7. Anxious type - people of this type are characterized by low openness to communication, lack of courage, lack of determination, depressed mood. They do not go into conflict with others, they take a weak place in this, they look for support in such situations. They have the following positive aspects: sincerity, self-criticism, diligence. As a result of their vulnerability, they are also often responsible for the sins of others and become ridiculed. 8. Emotional type - such people prefer communication in a narrow circle of well-connected people. They don't go to disputes taking the weak side. They swallow their resentment. Pleasant aspects: kindness, sympathy, a strong sense of responsibility, hard work. Disadvantages: emotionality, tearfulness. 9. Demonstrative type - this type of accentuation is characterized by easy communication, a desire for leadership, dominance and thirst for praise. People belonging to this type annoy others with their overconfidence and high aspirations, they regularly cause conflicts, but they actively protect themselves. They have positive qualities such as perseverance, mastery, following others, originality of thinking and actions. Negative aspects: selfishness, hypocrisy, boasting, lack of interest. 10. Excited type - such people are characterized by high sociability, vigilance, and love. They argue a lot. But they do not lead to a dispute. 11. Extrovert type - such people are distinguished by high sociability, they have many friends and acquaintances, they are attentive and receive any information, in some cases they enter into conflicts with those around them, in which they are usually on the weak side. In communication with friends, at work and in many situations in the family, they give way to others in leadership, prefer to obey and stand aside. They have pleasant aspects such as willingness to listen to others, fulfillment of requests, and diligence. Disadvantages: susceptibility to influences, light- heartedness, recklessness, eagerness to indulge in recreational interests, gossip and rumour- mongering. 12. Introvert type - they are characterized by low sociability, sociability, disconnection from reality, tendency to study philosophy. Such people like solitude; they can enter into disputes with others only in case of unnecessary interference in their private life. They are often emotionally cold people who are weakly attached to people. They have positive aspects, such American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 28, May - 2024 442 | P a g e as restraint and firm faith. There are also negative aspects - stubbornness, rigidity of thinking, strict protection of one's ideas. 1. "Masochist-sadist". He tends to see his successes and failures in his personal life, as well as the cause of observed events, not in circumstances, but in people. Trying to eliminate these reasons, he directs his aggression to the person who seems to be the cause of bad luck. Such a person is very busy with independent education, working on himself, changing people for the better. With his strict actions, endless demands and aspirations, he sometimes tires himself and those around him. Such a person, especially when he begins to dominate the people around him, begins to terrify people based on "good intentions". Characterizing such people, E. Fromm wrote: "the most manifested masochistic views are a sense of personal inadequacy, need, and helplessness." Masochistic people show self- deprecation and disempowerment, enjoy self-criticism and torment, make absurd accusations against themselves, try to take the blame in all cases, even if they are not involved. According to Fromm, people of this type almost always have a tendency to sadism. This is manifested in the fact that they subjugate people to themselves, have complete control over them, benefit from them, make them suffer, and enjoy their suffering. This type of person was called an authoritarian person by Fromm. For example, Hitler, Stalin and others were such type of people. 2. "Destroyer." Frustration in this person is characterized by expressed aggression towards the object that caused the hopes to be dashed and an active effort to eliminate it. "disruption," writes Fromm, "is getting rid of an unbearable feeling of powerlessness." As a rule, people who experience anxiety and a feeling of powerlessness, who have limited mental and emotional capabilities, turn to vandalism as a means of solving their life problems. 3. "Conformist automaton". When such an individual is faced with difficult social and personal life problems, he will not be like himself. He immediately adapts to the conditions, the different forms of society, and the demands of the social group, immediately adopting the type of thinking and behavior characteristic of the majority of people in this situation. Such a person almost never has a personal opinion or an expressed social view. He has lost his personal "I", his individuality, and he is used to experiencing exactly those feelings that are expected of him under certain circumstances. This is a type of conscious or unconscious adaptor. The classification of characters proposed by K. Jung based on belonging to extrovert and introvert types has become widely popular. Extraversion-introversion is considered as an expression of temperament in modern psychology. The objects of the first type of person are characterized by the fact that the subject's interests and vital energy are focused on the environment, which, in a certain sense, leads to the denigration of the place of the events of the subjective world of the person. Extroverts are characterized by impressionability, initiative, flexibility of behavior, and sociability. Introverts are characterized by the fact that personal interests are recorded in the events of the inner world of the individual, sociability, tendency to self-analysis, difficulty in adapting. 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