American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 05, June, 2022 123 | P a g e PAINTING - THE ART OF COLOR Akhmedov Ravshan Tolipovich Senior Lecturer, Department of Costume Design Tashkent Institute of Textile and Light Abstract Painting is the art of painting. Painting is a type of fine art that reflects real life and influences the thoughts and feelings of the audience. A work of art on a surface, painted with paints (watercolor, tempera, watercolor, gouache, etc.) is called painting. The images in the painting are very bright and spectacular. Artists create their works with paintings and plastic tools. Although they use the possibilities of pencil and composition, one of the most effective means of painting is color. Introduction Images in the painting are created using paints that form a continuous layer of paint on the image level. Even in watercolor painting, even if there are untouched areas on the paper, it does not affect the continuity of the image, because the paints absorb and mix with each other. The pictorial and expressive potential of color is used in painting with the freedom and full power necessary for the artist. Color can be used to highlight the main idea of the composition, to highlight important details, to give the depth of the distance, or to give the image flatness. The most important distinguishing feature of painting is that the image of shape and distance, images and movements can be seen only through color. Painting reflects the complex world of human emotions and character, as well as the subtle changes of nature, the ability to convey fantastic images and philosophical ideas. All this is given through the genres of painting. The diversity of objects, events and happenings in the world and the growing interest of artists in them led to the emergence of different genres in painting in the XVII century. These were the genres of portrait, landscape, still life, animalistic, legendary, historical, superstitious and everyday. Genres or their elements may interfere in a painting. For example, a still life and a landscape can successfully complement a portrait. Painting is divided into bench and monumental painting. The artist works the painting on a canvas drawn on a podramnikki. This canvas will be mounted on a bench. For this reason, it is also called bench painting. The word "monumental" means very large. Monumental painting is a large painting (fresco, panel, etc.) painted on the interior or exterior walls of buildings. Monumental painting cannot be separated on its basis (walls, base, ceiling, etc.). Themes for American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 05, June, 2022 124 | P a g e monumental paintings are chosen with great care. For this, historical events, heroic deeds, folk tales and so on are selected. Panels, mosaics and stained glass are also directly connected with monumental painting. These art forms are decorative painting and decorative art. Here the unity of style and imagery of monumental painting and architecture is important. There are also types of painting, such as miniatures, icon painting, decorative patterns, theatrical decoration. Each type of painting is distinguished by its performance technique and specifications for solving artistic and figurative tasks. The art of icon painting has played a major role in the history of painting. This art was born in Byzantium in the IV century and spread throughout the Orthodox world. Icons serve the world, depicting only images from sacred religious writings. The icons in the mausoleums form a holistic composition with architectural, decorative-applied art. The images in the icon have a great emotional and figurative effect under the influence of flashing lights and candles in religious ceremonies, as well as religious sayings. Icons are a work of painting that can give divine beauty. The color of the icons is conditional and decorative, it gives a divine idea, not real life. It also reflects the aesthetic ideals of the people. Ancient Russian icons are works of art of great artistic value to world art. Artists such as F. Grek, A. Rublev, Dionysius are considered to be the most prominent representatives of the art of icon painting. Miniature art is a small work of fine art, characterized by its conditionality, decorativeness, originality of shape, texture and decoration. In the Middle Ages, images in manuscripts led to the emergence of miniature art. In the Middle Ages, book miniature art flourished in the Middle East, Central and Central Asia, Iran, India, Byzantium, Ancient Russia and Eastern Europe. Kamoliddin Behzod, Mahmud Muzakhhib, Murad Samarkandi and a number of other artists who lived and worked during this period created unique examples of Oriental miniature art. Among them, the activity of Kamoliddin Behzod (about 1466-1535) is especially noteworthy. Kamoliddin Behzod was born in Herat. Here Hussein Boykaro worked in the library. After the conquest of Khorasan by Shaibanikhan in 1507, Behzod moved to Bukhara, where he lived and worked until 1522 and created his famous portrait of Shaibanikhan. He lived and worked in Tabriz (1522-1524) and later in Herat. Growing up under the care of the great Alisher Navoi, Behzod Sa'di painted many works on "Boston", "Gulistan", Nizami's "Hamsa", Hisrav Dehlavi's "Hamsa", Sharafiddin Ali Yazdi's "Zafarnoma". He decorated Navoi's epics with wonderful pictures. Behzod's creative plans were later continued by his students Qasim Ali, Mahmud Muzahhib, Mulla Yusuf and others. Medieval book miniatures still amaze us with their beauty, brightness and purity of colors, complexity of decorations, interesting images. Another type of painting is decorative painting. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 05, June, 2022 125 | P a g e Different paintings and monumental paintings are called independent paintings. Decorative painting combines different types of ornaments in architectural structures and decorative-applied arts. Architectural decorative decoration can be done on the wall, dome, facade and other elements of the building or on the canvas. Theater decoration is also one of the types of painting. His task is to create an image of the play. The artistic decoration of a play is also called scenography. Painting plays a very important role in creating a variety of district decorations for the theater. He can accurately describe the place, time, period, style and genre of the work of art on the stage. The decoration of the theater depends not only on the nature of the work, but also on the direction of the play and the individual creative approach of the artist. That is why a single play performed in different theaters has different decorations and different meanings. Nowadays, there are various trends and currents in the art of theater and decoration. While some artists continue the realistic traditions of decorative painting, others are shape, color. They carry out various researches using light and space. Some use non-traditional materials with different textures (plastic, metal, arch, bone, etc.). Nowadays, laser effects, fluorescent paints, video equipment and computer graphics are also used. One of the peculiarities of decorative painting is that it is perceived in light conditions, in a clear scene, and it can be in motion. In theater, synthesis in art is important: the dynamic construction of the scenery must match the music and the rhythm of the stage movement. The whole image of the play is based on drama, music, lighting, decoration, costume and make-up. Depending on the technique, methods and materials used, painting can be divided into the following types: watercolor, tempered, wax (encaustic), enamel, glue, dry plaster, watercolor (fresco) and others. In some cases, it is difficult to separate painting from graphics. Painting is divided into single-layer, that is, quick-finishing and multi-layered and subtle nuances and techniques that can give beautiful colors. The artist finds the color needed for painting in the palette, and then this paint turns into a color in the plane of the painting. Here it creates a color scheme - coloring. Depending on the mix of colors, it will be warm and cold, happy and sad, calm and active, bright and dark. Painting genres Painting techniques have been constantly improved over the centuries. The variety of plots attracted the attention of painters. All these changes led to the emergence of various genres in the XVII century, not only in painting, but also in graphics and sculpture. There are the following types of painting genres: portrait, still life, American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 05, June, 2022 126 | P a g e landscape, animal, historical, domestic, legendary and vanity genres and others. Below we will focus on the history of the emergence and development of these genres. Portrait Portraiture is one of the genres of fine art that differs in the depiction of a single person or group of people. In the portrait, the artist can not only show the external, individual similarity of man, but also reveal the character of man, his spiritual world. There are different views of the portrait. These include a portrait up to the waist, a bust (in sculpture), a portrait with a bar bui, a portrait of a group of people, portraits in the interior or landscape. Depending on the nature of the image, the portrait is divided into two main groups: a portrait of a person with his whole body (on horseback, sitting or standing) (parade portrait) and a portrait drawn from the waist to the shoulders. Depending on the number of images drawn on a single canvas, portraits are also divided into double and group portraits. Portraits drawn on different canvases, but compatible in composition, format and color, are called double portraits. Such portraits often depict couples. Often portraits form a whole ensemble - a gallery of portraits. When a portrait depicts a person in the form of an allegorical, mythological, historical, theatrical or literary character, such portraits are called costume portraits. The words "in appearance" or "in image" are often added to the names of these portraits (for example, in the form of Catherine II Minerva, in A.Abdullayev's "Abror Hidoyatov in the role of Othello"). Portraits are also divided by size, for example, miniature portraits. In addition, artists create their own portraits - self-portraits. The portraits reflect not only the individual characteristics of the model, but also the spirit of the period in which the person lived. Portrait art has a history of several thousand years. In ancient Egypt, sculptors also created images that were very similar to the appearance of man. Because, according to them, after the death of a person, his soul moves to similar images created. Fayyum portraits created in the I-III centuries in the technique of encaustics (wax painting) also served this purpose. They are distinguished by their vivid imagery, the volume of the form. In ancient Greece, it was customary to make portraits of poets, philosophers and other celebrities. The works of ancient Roman portrait sculpture were famous for their authenticity and clear psychological character. They reflected the individual characteristics of the person. The depiction of the human face in sculpture or painting has always attracted artists. The genre of portraiture flourished, especially during the Renaissance. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 05, June, 2022 127 | P a g e References 1. Vladimirskiy G. A. Perspective. Moscow: Prosveshchenie, 1969. 2. Questions of fine arts of Uzbekistan. Sb. nauch. tr. Tashkent: Publishing house of literature and art named after Gafura Gulyama, 1973. 3. Dolinskaya V. G. Poster of Uzbekistan. Tashkent: Izd-vo AN UzSSR, 1968. 4. Eremyan R. V. Usto Mumii. Tashkent: Ghafur Ghulam Publishing House of Literature and Art, 1982. 5. Jadova JI. A. Modern painting of Uzbekistan. Tashkent: Goslitizdat. 1962. 6. Painting mystery Sergeya Alibekova. Art. Tashkent, 1999. № 2 7. Ziganshina N. Ruziboev D. Synthesis of plastic colors. Art. Tashkent, 1999. - № 2. 8. Iz istorii jivopisi Sredney Azii. Sb. statey. Tashkent: Publishing house of literature and art named after Gafura Gulyama, 1984. 9. History of foreign art. Textbook for students. Moscow: Isoiskusstvo, 1979. 10. Ilxrmova S. Artist Alisher Alikulov draws a portrait. Art. - Tashkent. - 2002. - Issue 4. 11. Karimov X. Urol Tansiqboev. - Tashkent: Young Guard, 1978. 12. Karimov H. The singer of nature (U. Tansiqbaev). - Tashkent: Gafur Gulom Publishing House of Literature and Art, 1970. 13. Krasnov N. V. Talk about art. - Leningrad: Uchpedgiz, 1969. 14. Collective. Art of Soviet Uzbekistan. 1917-1972. - Moscow: Sov. Xudojnik, 1976. 15. https://qomus.info/encyclopedia/cat-k/kolorit-uz/