American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 30, July - 2024 19 | P a g e THE PROBLEM OF USING SYNTACTIC TRANSFORMATION IN TRANSLATION OF A LITERARY WORK (ON THE EXAMPLE OF JAMES JOYCE’S NOVEL "ULYSSES") Pulatova Sayyora Yuldashovna Senior Teacher of the English Language and Literature Department, Foreign Philology Faculty Termez State University Termez, Uzbekistan Tel: +998919717353 Email.ru: pulatovas79@gmail.com Abstract: The purpose of the paper is to pinpoint the distinctive traits of translation transformation strategies applied to the translation of fiction, using the modernist novel "Ulysses" by Irish author James Joyce as an illustration. The study employed a descriptive qualitative design, a type of inquiry that clarifies the process's description by comparing translations with their original sources. Additionally, these strategies or methodologies might highlight parallels and discrepancies between the source language and the target language. The information was collected from "Ulysses" Vol. 1 in Russian translation from 2000 and Vol. 1 in Uzbek translation from 2008, respectively. The results demonstrate the existence of four translational strategies: transposition, replacement, adjunction, and deletion, along with examples of each. While doing study, we made an effort to compare statements with the syntactic changes that were made from the original language (SL) into the translating language (TL). In actuality, these methods are frequently employed due to the distinct grammar between SL and TL, where academics also present their theoretical perspectives on transformation. Introduction In this research, we will examine the syntactic transformation technique used in our research to translate literature. It examines the factors that influence change during the translation process and plans to use the James Joyce novel "Ulysses," a well-known example of 20th- century English modernist fiction. It is important to note that the author's works were translated into Russian first and then into Uzbek before being made available to readers. As a result, we shall focus on its Russian versions in our investigation. For the purposes of this research, the term transformation will be taken to mean a syntactic or phonetic change of a phrase or word, as by adjunction, deletion, or substitution, often effecting a semantic change, as in the tense or mood of a verb. (New Webster’s Dictionary,1989, p.) American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 30, July - 2024 20 | P a g e MATERIALS AND METHODS Over a decade ago, a great deal is being written and started a debate centering on transformation by many linguists such as A. D.Shveyser, L.S.Barxudarov, V.N. Komissarov, Z.E.Roganova, T.A.Kazakova, A.I.Klishin, P.I.Kopanev, F.Beer, Yu.Nayda L.K.Latishev, Minyar Beloruchev, A.F.Parshin, N.K.Garbovskiy, M.To’xtaxo’jayeva, I.Gofurov, Sh.Safarov, N.Qamvbarov and others. As far as we know research has investigated and focused on this problem including L. Barkhudarov's book "Language and translation" (Moscow 1975), Ya. Retsker's "Theory of translation and translation practice. " Essays on linguistic theory of translation " (Moscow, 2007), manuals, articles and theses, and several other sources will help to clarify this problem. There are many alternative methods or techniques available for solving above-mentioned problem. Perhaps, the main specific method widely used in our research translation studies is a comparative analysis of the translations with the original sources. This reveals similarities and differences between the original and the translating language. Initially, the term "transformation" considering as a general concept and was associated with the emergence of "transformational grammar". In its turn, transformational grammar characterizing by the fact that syntactic structures have the same content plan, but differ from each other in the expression plan. Translation transformations are defined by (L.S. Barkhudarov,1975.p.190) as numerous and varied in their quality inter-lingual changes which are made to achieve adequacy in translation despite discrepancies in the formal and semantic systems of a SL and a TL. Nelyubin (2003, p.230) emphasizes the term "transformation" and explains it in different ways. "Transformation" is firstly, one of the methods of generating secondary language structures, which is the systematic change of the basic models (or nuclear structures). Secondly, interpreting the verbal signs in the language with other signs, using synonyms, paraphrases, and other similar tools, i.e. translating into the language; thirdly, transformation is a translation within a language. Fourthly, replacing the meaning of some phrases with another without changing; the difference between transformation and interlinguistic translation (interlingual transformation) is that during transformation it is not necessary to deal with the categorization of different realities (categorization). Fifth, transformation is the basis of the translation method. Formal (lexical and grammatical transformation) or semantic (semantic transformation) components of the source text are changed while preserving the information intended for transmission. Finally, transformation is a method of translation, characterized by going beyond the semantic- structural parallelism between the original and the translation. N. Kambarov's (2015,p.130) article entitled "Translation transformations and language contacts" (theoretical issues) talks about the use of transformations in the process of translation, depending on the typological closeness or distance of languages - the degree of their relatedness or non-relatedness. He believes that the translator determines the type of translation. In addition, the scientist emphasizes that the translator does not have the idea American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 30, July - 2024 21 | P a g e of using a specific translation transformation. They say that the translator chooses translation transformations intuitively, based on his experience. Theoretically, the translation transformations can be analyzed separately, and in turn, in most cases, the translation transformations are mixed where the scientist emphasized in his theories. On Ya.I. Retzker's (2007,p.13) theory: “translation transformations are translation methods that consist in replacing regular correspondences with irregular (contextual) ones, as well as the linguistic expressions themselves that result from the use of such methods”. More specifically, transformations serve to enforce equivalence. From this point "it is about changing the structure of the sentence in accordance with the standard of TL during the translation process" depending on the complete or partial change of the transformation structure, it can be complete or partial. Usually, full transformation occurs when the main parts of the sentence change, and partial transformation occurs when the secondary parts of the sentence change. In addition, it is important to consider all the factors that can influence the use of grammatical changes. In particular: 1) Syntactic function of the sentence; 2) Its lexical structure; 3) Its semantic structure; 4) Its content structure; 5) Its expressive-stylistic function. Now, when it comes to the role of syntactic transformation in translation and their types, O.A. Morozova ( 2011)suggests that the essence of using syntactic transformations depends on the need to change the syntactic functions of words, phrases and whole sentences, and lists the types of syntactic transformations that can be used in the translation process. These include: 1) word order change; 2) omission of individual words in the sentence; 3) expansion of meaning; 4) transferring words from sentence to sentence; 5) connecting two sentences with one sentence; 6) dividing a sentence into two; 7) replacing a simple sentence with a complex one or, on the contrary, expressing a complex sentence with a simple sentence; 8) rearrangement of the syntactic structure; 9) Adjectives and adverbs are used instead of verbs; 10) Direct relative clauses are replaced by passive ones; 11) states that phrases or widespread determiners can be introduced interchangeably with sentences. RESULTS The theory of translation textbook by I. Gofurov, O. Mominov, and N. Kambarov (2012,p.216) also discusses the potential of categorizing all forms of transformation into four groups, including transposition, substitutions, adjunction, and deletion. Additionally, they point out that the English sentence's order of the sentence's components is different from the Russian and Uzbek languages in terms of the possessive, participle, tense, and place. Naturally, a change in location necessitates a change in grammar and has an impact on all linguistic units. The inflection of verbs and action nouns, as well as the inflection of word American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 30, July - 2024 22 | P a g e forms and phrases, are features of the English language. In Russian and Uzbek, the participle of the sentence is frequently substituted by a secondary participle and tense. Now then, the experiments about transformation translation are based on the followings (L.S.Barkhudarov, 1975): 1.Transposition is a type of translation transformation is changing the order of language elements in the translated text relative to the original text. Among the elements that can be rearranged are words, phrases, parts of sentences (the place of subordinate clauses in a complex sentence in almost most cases will change. This translation takes place by changing the sequence of words and phrases in the sentence structure and adding them.Compare: May I trespass on your valuable space. That doctrine of laissez faire which so often in our history. Our cattle trade. The way of all our old industries. Liverpool ring which jockeyed the Galway harbor scheme. European conflagration.[7,p.58] Позволю себе вторгнуться на ваши уважаемые столбцы. Пресловутая политика невмешательства, которая столь часто в нашей истории. Наша скототорговля. Судьба наших старинных промыслов. Ливерпульская клика. Похоронившая проект Голуэйского порта. Европейские конфликты. [9, p.40] Ҳурматли газетангизнинг илтифотидан фойдаланган ҳолда - laissez faire ақидаси, таассуфки, бот-бот учраб туради.Бизнинг чорва саноатимиз худди бошқа барча хўжаликларимиз каби.Ливерпул тўдаси Голуэй портидаги карантинга қарши. Мараз бизга Европадан кириб келяпти.[8, p.60] 2. Substitutions are the most common and diverse type of translation changes. In the process of translation, grammatical units - word forms, word groups, sentence fragments, types of syntactic communication can be replaced. 1.- Ah, go to God! Buck Mulligan said. [14, p.38] -Да иди ты,-хмыкнул Бык Маллиган. -Топган гапингни қара,-деди Маллиган. 2.Stale smoky air hung in the study with the smell of drab abraded leather of its chairs. [7,p.51] Прокуренный застоялый дух царил в кабинете, вместе с запахом кожи вытертых тускло-желтых кресел.[9, p.36] Унинг хонасининг ҳавоси дим бўғик, эски юмшоқ 2.ўриндиқлардан сайқалланиб кетган терининг ҳиди анқирди. [8, p.60] 3.Adjunction is the adoption of lexical additions, that is, the translation of lexical units by conveying semantic components that are not expressed in the original in a hidden way (implied, remaining). We must go to Athens. Will you come if I can get the aunt to fork out twenty quid? [7,p.4] Мы непременно должны поехать в Афины. Поедешь, если я раздобуду у тетушки двадцать фунтов?[9,p.6] Биз албатта, Афинага боришимиз керак. Агар мен холамдан йигирма фунт ундирсам мабодо, сен борасанми?[8,p.23] American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 30, July - 2024 23 | P a g e 4. Deletion is a process opposite to lexical additions in translation. This method is characterized by the refusal to express semantically redundant language units in the translation text. The meaning of these units can be easily determined from the context. For instance: He stepped swiftly off, his eyes coming to blue life as they passed a broad sunbeam. He faced about and back again.Dying, he said again, if not dead by now.[7, p. 59.] Он быстро отошел в сторону, и глаза его засветились голубизной, оказавшись в столбе солнечного света. Он оглянулся по сторонам. Умирает,-повторил он,-если уже не умерла. [9, p.41.] У тезгина ўзини бир четга олди, унинг кўзига офтоб нури тушиб мовий бир тусда порлаб кетди.У яна ортга қайтди.-Ўляпти,-деди у, -балки ўлиб бўлгандир.[8,p.61]the word again яна omitted here in Uzbek translation. DISCUSSION Our findings demonstrate that translation of interlingual transformations has its own characteristics. We tried to show data while translating from the ST to the TT according four types of transformation techniques and their transformational changes. As compared with the translation, transformations in both language units while translation process followed on the norms of SL and TL and it became clear that translation transformations activated the methods that ensures translation adequacy. Besides, it is obvious of syntactic changes of the sentence structure while translating process. We should take into account that the original text is the re-expression or replacement of a form of expression deemed required in the translation text at an equivalent level,. In addition, there is no standard classification for research into translation transformations, as it is composed of a variety of theoretical perspectives. Thus, our paper has covered the methods of translation transformation in the novel “Ulysses” by J. Joyce from English into Uzbek by means of Russian interpretation using transformational techniques that are necessary when dealing with specific features of the SL that may not have a direct equivalent in the TL. Examples highlight the distinctive characteristics of translation transformations. For instance, a statement with transposition is a free translation in which the translator uses his discretion to achieve equivalence and make the meaning clear despite the substitution of one word class for another without altering the meaning. It is crucial to select the form that best fits the context. In communicative block as: We must go to Athens. ( Russ:.Мы непременно должны поехать в Афины. Uzb:Биз албатта, Афинага боришимиз керак. ) The adverb непременно which means undoubtedly from Russian translation, has been taken into consideration. This word was added into Russian translation to emphasize a point emphatically, and it was utilized in the same way in the translation into Uzbek as the word албатта. In the next statement: The doorway was darkened by an entering form. The word form transformed as Russ. фигура женщины by adding the word woman which is American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 30, July - 2024 24 | P a g e clear from the context and in Uzbek - одам гавдаси. In the fourth statements with Deletion technique, it is clear omission of some elements of the sentences that are existed in original text. In conclusion, it is important to note that the problem of the use of syntactic transformation is not sufficiently studied from the point of view of research and the expectation of a scientific solution. Therefore, scientific novelty of using translation transformation methods is essential and can greatly enhance the value and influence of the translated text. Moreover, the correct effective use of transformation methods in the process of translation, which is, focusing on the original meaning, leads to the correct interpretation of the translated work by the reader that is actual and important. REFERENCES 1.Barxudarov L. S. Yazyk i perevod (Voprosy obshey i chastnoy teorii perevoda). M., «Mejdunar. otnosheniya»,1975.240 s. 2. Gafurov I, Mo’minov O, Qambarov N.Tarjima nazariyasi.Toshkent Taffakur- Bostoni,2012. 3. Morozova O.A.,Shishkina A.A.Sintaksicheskie transformasii v xudojestvennom tekste pri perevode s angliyskogo na russkiy yazk(na primere proizvedeniya Ernesta Xemingueya «Starik i more»)// Filologicheskie nauki.№17,08.01.2019. http://novaum.ru/author/id850 4. Nelyubin L.L.Tolkovy perevodovedcheskiy slovar/L.L. Nelyubin. — 3-e izd., pererab. — M.: Flinta: Nauka, 2003. — 320 s. 5.Qambarov N. Tarjima transformasiyalari va til kontaktlari.//Ilmiy-metodik elektron jurnal. №5(0)2015.129-132 bet.. 6. 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