American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 31, August - 2024 7 | P a g e THE SIGNIFICANCE OF VICTIMOLOGICAL PREVENTION IN THE SYSTEM OF PREVENTION OF CRIMES D.D. Dauletova Karakalpak State University name after Berdakh Abstract The article presents a study of the concepts of victimology, victimization, victimoligical prevention, and also reveals the reasons for becoming a victim of crime. Analyzed the increased level of victimization in society, which is a weak preventive effect on the victimization of the population. Recommendations are given for preparing a system of victimological prevention measures. Keywords: Crime, victimology, victimization, victims, victimoligical prevention. Introduction When it comes to crime prevention, we usually only think about criminals or offenders, but prevention should also concern those who are victims of crime. Victimology is a field that studies victim of crime. Patterns associated with victims of offenses, their classification, quantitative and qualitative characteristics. The main areas of victimology are the relationship of victims with criminals, methods to reduce the vulnerability of potential victims and the study of a person in terms of his abilities and likelihood of becoming a victim of crime. Victimization is the probability that a person will become a victim of a crime. From the point of view of law, culpable victimhood consists in a negative, inappropriate situation and moral principles regarding the behavior of a potential victim, which is one of the factors contributing to the commission of a crime. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that culpable victimization includes not only illegal or immoral human behavior, but also his elementary worldly carelessness, imprudence, thoughtlessness and imprudence. Innocent victimization is associated with the characteristics of a person's work or social activities, as well as with his psychophysical characteristics in relation to his socially approved behavior in pre-criminal situations. In theory, everyone can become a victim of crime, so it is necessary to create and implement measures to reduce the risk of becoming a victim of criminal acts for all members of the population. One of the fundamental terms of victimological science is the concept of "victimization",introduced into the legal literature by L.V.Frank. By victimization, he understands the process of turning a person into a real victim or the end result of such a process. From his point of view, “the victimhood of a certain person is nothing more than a "predisposition" realized by a criminal act, or rather, the ability to become a victim of a American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 31, August - 2024 8 | P a g e crime under certain circumstances, or, in other words, the inability to avoid danger where it was objectively preventable”1. In addition, victimology studies the conditions in which victimization occurs. A specific life situation associated with certain personality traits and behavior of a potential victim, when there is a possibility of physical, property or moral harm to the victim, is called a victimological situation. Since the personal qualities of victims, the peculiarities of their behavior and relationships with offenders sometimes contribute to the emergence of criminal intent, one of the methods of prevention should be to reduce the victimization of certain groups of citizens. The number of crimes decreases when the number of people who have a lower predisposition to become a victim of crime decreases. So, at the moment, criminologists, having adopted the type of behavior as a classification feature, divide victims into the following categories: — aggressive persons - who themselves intentionally create conflict situations by committing illegal or immoral aggressive actions (physical violence, insult, slander, etc.) in relation to future harmers; — active persons - who who personally harm themselves or convince others to do so (for example, self-harm); — proactive persons with a positive personal attitude who, on their own initiative, try to eliminate a socially dangerous situation and at the same time receive harm (police officers, vigilantes, etc.); — passive persons - who do not resist criminal actions directed against them (due to cowardice, physical weakness, helpless condition, etc.); — uncritical persons - who are imprudent, who do not know how to correctly assess the situation, in connection with which they are harmed; — neutral persons with positive behavior that did not cause criminal actions and did not contribute to them2. Thus, it becomes necessary to carry out preventive work with potential victims, that is, we are talking about the victimological aspect of crime prevention, or victimological prevention. Consequently, E.O. Alaukhanova and Z.S. Zaripova define victimological prevention as a set of state and public measures aimed at preventing crime by reducing the risk of becoming victims of criminal attacks among the population and individual citizens3. Victimological prevention does not compete with traditional criminological prevention; on the contrary, it is independent and complements it. Victimology exists because it not only provides information necessary to prevent offenses, but also helps to improve preventive measures by better understanding the protective resources of victims and the circumstances of their harm. The victimological component of crime prevention includes, first of all, taking measures to eliminate situations circumstances that encourage criminal behavior. Thus, in order for 1 Франк Л. В. "Виктимология и виктимность". - М., 1975.с.20 2 Алауханов Е. О., Зарипов З. С. Предупреждение преступности. - Алматы: 2008.с.232 3 Алауханов Е. О., Зарипов З. С. Предупреждение преступности. - Алматы: 2008.с.230. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 31, August - 2024 9 | P a g e prevention to be more effective, it is necessary to maximize all possibilities, including victimological ones, and not only those related to the person from whom one can expect that he will commit an offense. The purpose of victimological study of the identity of victims is to create means of prevention. These actions can be recommended or mandatory. Each of these categories of actions can manifest itself both on an individual and on a more general group level. In cases where law enforcement agencies need to monitor individuals with victim-provoking behavior, mandatory measures can be taken at both the individual and group levels to punish such individuals in case of their illegal behavior. Measures may also be taken against officials and parents who fail to fulfill their duties to prevent such behavior. Victimological legislation is crucial for prevention. At the moment, there are several laws that guarantee the rights of victims of crime. For example, the rights of victims are regulated by international law (UN Resolution). The basic principles of justice and assistance to victims of offenses. The European Convention on Compensation for Victims of Violent Crimes of 1985 (Recommendations of the Committee of Ministers of the European Council on Assistance to Victims of Crime and Prevention of Victimization in 1983 and 1987). In order to solve the problems of victimization of behavior, it is necessary to improve the legislative framework, ensure the exercise of the rights and obligations of potential victims of crime, the conditions and procedure for compensation for harm, as well as make appropriate changes and additions to the civil, criminal procedure and administrative codes. Legal advocacy, that is, educating people about their rights and responsibilities, is an important part of the overall victimological prevention of crimes. Knowledge of the provisions of by-laws and laws regulating the grounds, boundaries and methods of intervention of law enforcement agencies and independent public organizations in dangerous situations in order to prevent offenses and ensure the effective use of their powers and the prevention of violations of the rule of law. Victimology magazines and radio and television programs have appeared in many countries. In some countries, victimological communities are being created that unite victims of certain crimes. Yu. V. Nikolaeva divides the subjects of victimological prevention into specialized and non-specialized ones. Specialized subjects are public authorities and local governments, law enforcement agencies, educational institutions (preschools, schools, lyceums, gymnasiums, secondary special institutions), health authorities, social protection and employment of the population. It includes all types of non-governmental organizations, associations, and groups of citizens as non-specialized entities4. In addition, the World Society of Victimology was established in 1979. Its goal is to combine the efforts of scientists from different countries in the field of developing victimological crime prevention strategies. The recommendations of victimologists are aimed at reducing personal and role victimization. Expert advice helps to avoid problems with HIV. 4 Николаева Ю.В. Виктимологическая профилактика преступлений: объект, субъект, правоотношения // Административное и муниципальное право. – 2008. – № 6. – С. 73-77. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 31, August - 2024 10 | P a g e Increasing the victimological culture of society, developing victimological thought allows people to independently create sufficiently effective protective measures against criminals. When law enforcement officials identify the factors and conditions that contribute to the commission of crimes, they should also pay attention to the circumstances associated with victimization. On this basis, memos, leaflets and posters are being developed for citizens who give advice on how to avoid becoming a victim of crime. In victimological terms, various organizational and managerial measures of state bodies and public organizations aimed at preventing or reducing damage from illegal actions are also of great importance. The State helps in victimological prevention by providing citizens with special information, as well as financing special programs aimed at strengthening the protection of citizens from offenses. Thus, victimological prevention not only reduces the number of crimes, but also reduces the degree of danger of crime to society. In addition, it must be remembered that victimological prevention does not work if there is no general crime prevention. References: 1. Франк Л. В. Виктимология и виктимность. — М., 1975.с.20 2. Алауханов Е. О., Зарипов З. С. Предупреждение преступности. - Алматы: 2008.С. 230-232. p. 230-232. 3.Николаева Ю.В. Виктимологическая профилактика преступлений: объект, субъект, правоотношения //Административное и муниципальное право. – 2008. – № 6. – С. 73-77. 4. Шнайдер Г.Я. Криминология: Перевод с немецкого / Под общей редакцией Л.О. Иванова. – М.: Изд-во Прогресс Групп - Универс, 1994. с. 136. 5.Виктимология: учеб. пособие. Т.В. Варчук, К.В. Вишневецкий; под ред. С.Ю.Лебедева. – 2-е изд., переиздание. и доп. – М.: ЮНИТИ-ДАНА: Юриспруденция, 2010. с. 130. 6.Николаева Ю. В. Виктимологическая профилактика преступлений: объект, субъект, правоотношения // Административное и муниципальное право. – 2008. – № 6. – С.73-77. 7.Даулетова Д.Д. Виктимологические аспекты коррупционных преступлений “Экономика и социум” №3(106)2023.