American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 32, September- 2024 62 | P a g e INFLUENCE OF ORIENTAL POETRY ON UZBEK LITERATURE Sayfiyev Salahiddinjan Sirojiddinovich, Uzbek Language and Literature Course, 3rd Year Rahimjanov Masrur Nugmanovich, Scientific Supervisor, Phd. Department of Oriental Philology Associate Professor Abstract This study is devoted to analysing the deep interrelationships between Oriental poetry and Uzbek literature. The paper examines how the rich traditions and stylistic techniques of oriental poets have had a significant influence on the formation and development of Uzbek poetry. Particular attention is paid to the influence of such genres as the ghazal, kasida, and rubai on Uzbek poetry of various historical periods. The paper examines how the traditions of oriental poetry continue to influence contemporary Uzbek poetry. It analyses the works of contemporary poets, in which echoes of classical examples can be detected. Keywords: oriental poetry, Uzbek literature, ghazal, kasida, rubai, comparative analysis, modern Uzbek poetry. Introduction Uzbek literature, as an integral part of the rich cultural heritage of the East, has been deeply influenced by its neighbours and predecessors over the centuries. The influence of classical Oriental poetry on the formation and development of Uzbek poetry is particularly notable. The roots of this influence go back centuries, when the territory of modern Uzbekistan was home to thriving cultural centres with close ties to other regions of the Islamic world. In this article, we will examine how Oriental poetry has enriched Uzbek literature, what genres and themes have been borrowed, and how they have been transformed within Uzbek culture. Oriental poetry, with its refined forms, deep philosophy and vivid images, has had an invaluable influence on the development of Uzbek literature. The classical poets of the East, such as Hafiz, Saadi and Omar Khayyam, have become role models for many generations of Uzbek poets. In their works we find similar themes of love, separation, philosophical reflections, as well as the use of traditional poetic forms such as the ghazal, kasida, and rubai. However, Uzbek poetry was not limited to simply copying eastern samples. It evolved, enriching itself with national colour and reflecting the unique features of Uzbek culture. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 32, September- 2024 63 | P a g e The influence of Oriental poetry on Uzbek literature is not a simple borrowing of ready- made forms and images, but a complex process of creative revision and adaptation. Uzbek poets, drawing inspiration from classical works, created their original works reflecting the specifics of their time and nation. They enriched traditional poetic forms with new content, introducing national colour and topical social problems. Thus, oriental poetry became not only a source of inspiration but also a powerful impetus for the development of distinctive Uzbek literature. MAIN PART The influence of oriental poetry on the development of Uzbek literature is a profound and multifaceted process that has lasted for centuries and left a deep trace in the development of national literature. Early Middle Ages. Origin of literary tradition: During this period, a rich oral poetic tradition based on folk tales, songs and epics was forming in the territory of modern Uzbekistan. First contacts with Eastern poetry: With the development of Islamic culture and trade, Uzbek literature began to be influenced by Persian and Arabic poetry. Classical forms of poetry such as the ghazal, qasida and rubai are gradually introduced into Uzbek poetry. Age of Timurids (15th century). The heyday of Uzbek poetry: The period of Timurid rule was a golden age for Uzbek literature. Eminent poets and scholars gathered at the court of Timur and his descendants. Alisher Navoi as a continuer of traditions: Alisher Navoi, the greatest poet of the Uzbek people, deeply studied classical oriental poetry and created his masterpieces on its basis. He not only translated the works of Persian poets, but also created original works, enriching them with national flavour. Synthesis of Oriental and Turkic traditions: Navoi successfully synthesised the traditions of Oriental poetry with Turkic poetic culture, creating a new literary language and style. Era of Uzbek Khanates (XVI-XIX centuries). Preservation of traditions: Despite political instability, poetry continued to develop. Poets turned to classical models, creating their works within the framework of traditional genres. New themes and motifs: New themes related to the life of the people, their aspirations and hopes emerged. Poetry becomes more realistic and social. Influence of Sufism: Sufism had a significant influence on the poetry of this period. Many poets used Sufi symbolism and imagery to express their philosophical views. Soviet period. Ideological orientation: Soviet power sought to subordinate literature to ideological goals. Many traditional forms and themes were rejected. Combination of tradition and innovation: Despite ideological restrictions, some poets continued to develop the traditions of classical poetry, adapting them to new conditions. New genres and themes: New genres and themes related to socialist construction, industrialisation and collectivisation emerged. Modern Period. Revival of national traditions: After the collapse of the Soviet Union, there has been a revival of interest in national traditions and classical poetry. Experiments with American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 32, September- 2024 64 | P a g e form and content: Contemporary poets are actively experimenting with form and content, creating new poetic styles. Influence of world literature: Modern Uzbek poetry is open to the influence of world literature, but at the same time retains its national identity. Key aspects of the influence of oriental poetry: Genres and forms: Gazelle, kasyda, rubai became the basis for the development of Uzbek poetry. Themes: Love, separation, philosophical reflections, nature - these eternal themes borrowed from oriental poetry continue to inspire Uzbek poets. Language and style: Oriental poetry has enriched the Uzbek language with new expressive means and stylistic techniques. Ideas and values: Eastern poetry has transmitted to Uzbek culture the values of humanism, tolerance and the search for truth. The adaptation of oriental genres such as the ghazal, kasyda and rubai into Uzbek poetry is not a mere borrowing of forms, but a complex process of creative transformation reflecting the unique cultural and historical characteristics of the Uzbek people. Gazelle. Classical form: The ghazal is one of the most popular genres in classical Oriental poetry, characterised by a strict metre, rhyme and a specific theme (most often love, separation, the beauty of nature). Adaptation in Uzbek poetry: Uzbek poets adopted the ghazal and adapted it to their poetic needs. They retained the main formal features of the genre, but enriched it with new content. Uzbek ghazals often contain images related to the life of nomads and the nature of Central Asia. Peculiarities of Uzbek ghazal: Uzbek ghazal is characterised by greater emotionality and specificity of images as compared to Persian ghazal. Poets often used folk motifs and vocabulary. Kasyda. Ode of praise: A qasidah is an ode of praise dedicated to a particular person or event. In classical Oriental poetry, qasydas were often addressed to rulers or noble nobles. Adaptation in Uzbek poetry: Uzbek poets also used the kasyda, but the themes of their works were more diverse. They praised not only rulers, but also nature, love, friendship. Peculiarities of Uzbek kasydas: Uzbek kasydas are more democratic and socially oriented. Poets often used kasydas to express their political views and to denounce social vices. Rubai. Quatrain: A rubai is a short quatrain with a definite rhyme and metre. Rubai are often philosophical in nature and express deep reflections on life, love, and death. Adaptation in Uzbek poetry: Rubai quickly took root in Uzbek poetry. Uzbek poets created rubai on a variety of topics: love, nature, philosophy, religion. Peculiarities of Uzbek rubai: Uzbek rubai are characterised by laconism and expressiveness. Poets often used aphorisms and paradoxes. General trends in adaptation: Preservation of Form: Uzbek poets generally retained the formal features of Eastern genres. Enrichment of content: The content of the works was enriched with national colouring, reflecting the specifics of Uzbek culture and history. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 32, September- 2024 65 | P a g e Social orientation: Many Uzbek poets used classical genres to express their social views and to criticise the existing system. Individual style: Each poet contributed to the development of these genres by creating unique works. The traditions of oriental poetry, established in the era of Alisher Navoi and other classics, continue to have a profound influence on the work of contemporary Uzbek poets. Despite the change of eras, globalisation and the emergence of new literary trends, the classical forms and themes are still relevant and inspire new generations of poets. Modern poets continue to write ghazals, adapting them to modern realities. They retain the classical form, but update the content by introducing new themes and images. Although the qasida in the traditional sense is less common, its elements (praise, solemnity) are used in poetry to create a sublime style. The rubai is also popular among contemporary poets. They create laconic quatrains expressing deep philosophical thoughts. Examples of modern use of classical traditions. Experimentation with form, modern poets experiment with the form of classical genres, creating new variations of the ghazal, qasida and rubai. Combining tradition and innovation, many poets successfully combine classical traditions with modern literary trends to create a unique style. Social themes, modern poets often address topical social problems, using poetry as a means of expressing civic position. With globalisation, poets are faced with the influence of Western culture and new literary trends. Mass culture has a significant impact on poetry, which leads to the emergence of new poetic forms and styles. Contemporary poetry faces the problem of attracting readers. CONCLUSION The traditions of oriental poetry continue to live on in the work of contemporary Uzbek poets, enriching their poetry and making it deeper and more multifaceted. Modern poets do not simply copy the classics, but creatively reinterpret their heritage, creating unique works that meet the demands of modernity. REFERENCES 1. Borovkov, A.K. Creativity of Alisher Navoi. - M.: Nauka, 1976. Vernadsky, V.V. 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