American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 05, June, 2022 186 | P a g e DENTAL DISEASES AND METHODS OF THEIR PREVENTION Turayev Alimjan Baxriddinovich Assistant lecturer of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry of Samarkand State Medical University Annotation On the enamel floor of the tooth is accompanied by a yellowish-brown stain with pigment, unpleasant odor from the mouth, pain when eating sweet, salty, bitter, cold or hot products. Keywords: demineralization and decay of the hard, decay of the hard tissue of the tooth Introduction Dental caries is the demineralization and decay of the hard tissue of the tooth, in which a cavity is formed in the tooth. On the enamel floor of the tooth is accompanied by a pigmented yellowish-brown stain, unpleasant odor from the mouth, the presence of pain when eating sweet, salty, bitter, cold or hot products. Dental caries is the demineralization and decay of the hard tissue of the tooth, in which a cavity is formed in the tooth. On the enamel floor of the tooth is accompanied by a yellowish-brown stain with pigment, unpleasant odor from the mouth, pain when eating sweet, salty, bitter, cold or hot products. As a result of the deepening of the caries, cysts, pulpitis, subsequently, periodontitis may develop. Untimely treatment of caries in time causes tooth loss. In addition, caries causes acute or chronic diseases to be sensitized. Dental caries is a violation, decay of the integrity of the hard enamel layer of the tooth, the bone layer under the influence of a dystrophic or infectious factor. The duration of the action and demineralization process of microorganisms depends on the specificity of the organism. Most patients are immune to caries-producing bacteria, even in the case when the patient is able to fight other disease-causing micro- organisms. In people with immunodeficiency syndrome, the development of caries is faster. In people suffering from exudative diathesis and rickets, caries is noted more often than two Marotta’s. As a result of a change in the composition of the saliva, that is, an increase in the amount of mineral salts in it, the probability of caries formation also increases. Somatic diseases, lack of mineral salts, insufficient minerals in the feed, especially at the time of tooth eruption, increase the risk of caries development. As a result of American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 05, June, 2022 187 | P a g e congenital pathologies of the enamel floor (aplasia or hypoplasia of the enamel floor), the development of caries is noted a lot. Industrialized regions of production, regions with adverse environmental conditions, pollution of drinking water causes a decrease in the overall protective function of the human body. In people living in such conditions, the frequency of caries exposure is also high. Clinical signs of dental caries The hard part of the tooth differs in 4 different forms of caries, depending on the depth of damage. At the stage of a carious stain, the color of the tooth enamel layer becomes dull. There are no abrasions on the hard floor of the tooth, the examination with the help of a probe gives little information, at this stage no changes in the hard floor are observed. Sometimes it is even possible that the stain disappears by itself, the cause of which is not fully studied, but stemmatologists argue that the activation of the human immune system causes the disappearance of the stain. Surface caries-a dark stain appears on the enamel floor of the tooth, in the instrumental examination it is possible to determine whether the enamel floor is soft. Sometimes it can be seen that this raid began the process of decay in all areas of the tooth enamel floor. However, these changes are observed only in the enamel floor itself. Caries of medium degree-lesions of the tooth enamel and dentate floor. Deep caries is a complete violation of the integrity of the tooth, a lesion of all tissues of the tooth. Usually, patients complain of pain in the areas where the tooth is exposed to caries, pain in the area when sweet, bitter, hot or cold products are touched. Pain is also not felt if the effect of the factor that causes the occurrence of pain is stopped. By default, dental caries does not call for a sense of pain. In the acute course of caries, several teeth are damaged, the outer layer of which is covered with a dark gray coating, the teeth become soft, the pain syndrome is strongly manifested. Signs like this are manifested in not one but several teeth. Caries is detected by stemmatologist’s during visual examination or with the help of instrumental examinations. Complaints in the patient will help to diagnose caries. The main treatment of caries is to remove the damaged area of the tooth and fix its position. The damaged area is completely removed and its place is disinfected. The more qualitatively the disinfection procedure is carried out, the more quality the filled substance will also be and the longer it will serve. Currently, the laser method is used in the removal of damaged areas of dental caries. The effective aspect of the method is that the tooth is made qualitatively, so that the pain is not felt, no noise and no fillings. Treatment of superficial caries is carried out in several ways. The most common way out of this is the “scraping” (shlifovkalash) and remineralization of the caries-exposed areas of this tooth. The remineralization procedure is performed by sending 1% American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 05, June, 2022 188 | P a g e sodium fluoride using appliqué or electrophoresis. At a moderate level, the caries is treated by removing the affected tooth area and fixing its place. Treatment of deep caries requires a quality qualification from a doctor, since at such a level almost all parts of the tooth will be damaged. If the dentine floor is damaged, a sealant is placed in order to protect it from the damaged areas of the tooth, this sealant will consist of three layers: a healing plaque, an isolated phosphate-cemented plaque and a permanent filling material (most often amalgam). The filling material is selected depending on the type of damaged tooth. In the oral cavity, a material is selected, which is of special anatomical quality, both aesthetically and qualitatively, for the visible teeth. Before filling, the damaged part of the tooth is completely removed, the tooth is disinfected, dried and the selected filling material is placed. After the filling material is placed, the edges are leveled, the excess parts are processed. The more quality the stuffed part settled, the less likely it will be to develop microorganisms later. References 1. Zufarjonovna J. G. USING WEB-QUEST TECHNOLOGY IN ENGLISH LESSONS AS FOREIGN LANGUAGE //INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE & INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH ISSN: 2277-3630 Impact factor: 7.429. – 2022. – Т. 11. – С. 161-164. 2. Zufarjonovna J. G. BENEFITS OF USING WEB-QUEST TECHNOLOGY IN ENGLISH LESSONS AS FOREIGN LANGUAGE //INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE & INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH ISSN: 2277-3630 Impact factor: 7.429. – 2022. – Т. 11. – С. 158-160. 3. Mamasoliev, Rustamjon Adhamjonovich. "ANALYSIS OF SYNONYMS FOR THE CONCEPT OF TEACHER IN GERMAN AND UZBEK." Mental Enlightenment Scientific-Methodological Journal 2022.1 (2022): 194-203. 4. Мамасолиев Р. А. COMMUNICATIVE AND PRAGMATIC FEATURES OF THE TEACHER CONCEPT IN GERMAN AND UZBEK LANGUAGES //МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ ЯЗЫКА, ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ, ПЕРЕВОДА. – 2021. – Т. 4. – №. 2. 5. Mamasoliyev R. MODERN INNOVATIVE DIRECTIONS OF PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT //Теория и практика современной науки. – 2020. – №. 6. – С. 16-18