American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 33, October - 2024 107 | P a g e ACTIVITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN PERSONNEL TRAINING OF THE UZBEKISTAN SSR DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR (As an example of the Ferghana Valley regions) Murodjon Valijonovich Tashkhodjaev Teacher of Andizhan Institute of Economics and Construction Abstract: In the article has been analyzed the activity of higher education institutions in personnel training of the Uzbekistan SSR during the second world war as an example of the Ferghana valley regions by the helping main sources and literature. Keywords: Activity, higher education institutions, Uzbekistan SSR, personnel training, Second World War, Ferghana valley. Introduction During the Second World War, most of the professors, teachers and scientific and technical staff of higher education institutions went to the front. Nevertheless, in many educational institutions, the work of mature highly educated personnel for various sectors of the national economy did not stop, on the contrary, it progressed. In the first years of the war, during 1941-1943, higher education institutions of the Uzbek SSR trained 10,000 specialists to work in various sectors of the national economy. 2,500 of these personnel were medical workers, 1,800 engineers-technicians, 660 agronomists, and 2,500 pedagogues. In the 1943-1944 academic year, another 10,000 people were admitted to higher educational institutions, and 5,000 people studied in secondary special educational institutions. Technical schools of the Uzbek SSR produced 3,700 specialists in 1941-1943 [1]. RESEARCH METHODS A number of higher educational institutions were transferred to the Uzbek SSR from the RSFSR and other territories temporarily occupied by the enemy and threatened with occupation. In particular, higher educational institutions transferred from Leningrad to Samarkand region - All-Russian Art Academy, Institute of Scientific Inspection, Institute of Cinematography, Film Engineers, Institute of Planning, Moscow Academy of Agriculture named after Timiryazov, Institute of Medicine, Planning, Zootechnics, Institute of Art, Institute of Parasitology, Ukrainian Art institute, water transport institute in Odessa and other institutes were placed. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 33, October - 2024 108 | P a g e RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS During the Second World War, several educational and scientific research institutions were also moved to the republic. Until November 1941, 22 research institutes, 16 higher education institutions and 2 libraries relocated from Belarus, Ukraine and Russia were located in Uzbekistan [2]. The activity of these institutions gained a certain importance in the organization and development of the economy of Uzbekistan. In particular, the technical design work of machine-building and metallurgical enterprises moved to Uzbekistan since 1942 was assigned to the design organization "Stankoproekt" moved from Russia [3]. Employees of higher educational institutions worked with great zeal during the war years, they overcame great difficulties and performed their duties selflessly. A large number of students and professors went to the front. The buildings of several higher educational institutions were given to hospitals and other military organizations. There was a lack of textbooks, visual aids, and equipment, but with the numerous efforts of the government of the republic, higher education institutions did not stop their educational work for a single day. Along with universities and research institutions, many famous scientists also came. Among them are academicians Alekseev, Aristovsky, Zhukovsky, Anichkov, Lebedinsky, Vishnevsky, Pryanishnikov, There were professors V.V. Williams, Mashkovsky, Medvedev, Seleznev and many other scientists. `Scientific staff and teachers of higher educational institutions, in cooperation with evacuated higher educational institutions, carried out great work in training scientific staff, further development of the scientific research plan, and worked as partners in wider use of natural resources of the republic. The first Moscow Medical Institute, the Mendeleev Institute of Chemistry and other institutes moved to Kokand, the third Moscow Medical Institute, the Biological Research Institute moved to Ferghana. [4]. In the period from November 1941 to March 1942, the following scientific institutions were transferred to Bukhara region. From Moscow to the Institute of Scientific Research of Military Communication (November 1941), Artillery Academy (January 1942), Bryansk Construction Technical College to the building of Bukhara Pedagogical Academy (March 1942), Voroshilograd Drama Theater Kogon (November 1941), Bryansk Construction Technical College 1943- In 1944, he admitted 120 people. In 1943, those who graduated from 7-year schools were admitted to study without a test [5]. During the Second World War, the 4th Moscow Medical Institute, the Institute of Oriental Studies, the Higher School of Diplomacy, the Institute of Eye Diseases of Ukraine were brought to the Ferghana region and moved to the city of Ferghana, D.I. Moscow Institute of Chemical Technology named after Mendeleev, Kirov Technical College of Mining Technology were located in the city of Kokand. Also, the region took in collectives of Moscow Theater named after Lenin Komsomol, Kharkov Theater named after Shevchenko, as well as many people displaced from regions temporarily occupied by the enemy, and created conditions for them to live and work. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 33, October - 2024 109 | P a g e During the war, pedagogic institutes were opened in Urganch and Nukus, teachers' institutes in Namangan and Margilon, and eight pedagogic schools were opened. By 1943, a total of 43 higher educational institutions (of which 12 were evacuated from regions near the front) and 52 technical schools were operating in the Uzbek SSR: 20,027 people studied in these higher schools and 10,068 in technical schools [6]. During the war years, studies were started again at UzSU (Uzbekistan State University) in Samarkand to prepare educational personnel. New pedagogic institutes were opened in Urganch and Karakalpakstan ASSR, teachers' institutes in Margilon and Namangan, and 8 pedagogic schools were opened in different regions of the republic. During 1941-1943, higher educational institutions of Uzbekistan trained 200 doctors, 1800 engineers, 660 agronomists and veterinarians, and 4600 pedagogues. During the war years, the republic's higher educational institutions trained more than 10,000 highly educated specialists, and technical schools produced about 3,700 medium-skilled specialists [7]. In 1944, as we mentioned above, several new higher educational institutions were established in the republic. The State University of Uzbekistan was restored, new faculties (Faculty of Oriental Studies) were opened at the State University of Central Asia, the Faculty of Natural Geography at the Tashkent Women's Pedagogical Institute, the Faculty of Primary Cotton Processing at the Tashkent Textile Institute, and so on. During the war years, the scientific-research works of the departments of higher educational institutions and higher educational institutions on the most actual theoretical and practical problems were expanded. For example, the professors and teachers of the Tashkent Polytechnic Institute worked in close contact with production. Highly qualified specialists of almost all departments were involved in constantly providing advice to industrial enterprises. Employees of the institute have always helped factories in developing new products, establishing responsible technological processes (casting, production of accumulators, etc.). Engineering and technical scientific societies have done great work. Only in 1943, these societies helped to solve the most important military and economic tasks successfully, to develop the productive forces of the republic, to strengthen the economy, and to raise science and culture. During the Second World War, higher educational institutions in the Uzbek SSR produced 10.159 specialists [8]. Most of these graduates worked effectively in various spheres of national economy and culture of the republic. In 1941-1942, about 100,000 sick soldiers were admitted and treated in 129 evacuation hospitals operating in the Uzbek SSR. 1,513 labor unions of the Uzbek people, including 750 enterprises, collective farms and state farms, took care of hospitals and provided them with fuel, food and other agricultural products. 18,400 donors across the country collected 13,000 liters of blood for patients [9]. Only 16 hospitals with 5,000 beds relocated during the war were placed in Ferghana region [10]. In November 1941, hospital No. 2903 of the Moscow region was placed in the Pop district of the Namangan region [11]. During the war, a total of 19 hospitals were relocated to Namangan region. As we mentioned above, these hospitals were attached to collective American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 33, October - 2024 110 | P a g e farms, districts, and enterprises. Community farms regularly supplied operating hospitals with all food, wet and dry fruits, even dairy products and honey. 8,054 nurses, 22,658 sanitary team members, and 1,382 cleaners were trained in the medical training courses established in 1941-1945. But representatives of the local population were mainly involved in nursing, cleaning and household work [12]. CONCLUSION So, in the years of the Second World War, professors and teachers of higher education institutions and scientific and technical staff made a significant contribution to the victory by supplying the necessary mature and highly educated personnel for various sectors of the national economy. Higher education institutions in the Andizhan, Ferghana, and Namangan regions of the Uzbek SSR also contributed effectively. REFERENCES 1. RGASPI, Fund 17, List 8, Case 628, Sheet 91. 2.Шамуратова М. Творческое сотрудничество интелегенции Узбекистана о эвакуированными в республику представителями науки и культуры (1941-1945 гг.).: Автореф. дисс. канд. ист. наук. –Ташкент, 1991. –С. 10 3. National Archives of Uzbekistan, Fund R-837, List 32, Case 3260, Sheet 409. 4. National Archives of Uzbekistan, Fund R-837, List 32, Case 3260, Sheet 501. 5. Красная Бухара, 1943, 17 августа. 6.Шамуратова М. Творческое сотрудничество интелегенции Узбекистана о эвакуированными в республику представителями науки и культуры (1941-1945 гг.).: Автореф. дисс. канд. Ист. Наук. –Ташкент, 1991. –С. 10 7.Ўзбекистон ССР тарихи. Тўрт томлик. Тўртинчи том. –Тошкент: Фан, 1971. –Б. 126 8.Воскабойников Э.А. Ўзбек халқи Улуғ Ватан уруши йилларида. –Тошкент: Ўзбекистон, 1947. –Б. 29. 9. Абдурахимова Ш.А. Ўзбекистон ССРда аҳоли саломатлиги ва тиибий хизмат муаммолари (1941-1991 йиллар). Тарих фанлари бўйича фалсафа доктори (PhD) диссертацияси автореферати. –Тошкент,2023. –Б.12-13. 10. Хотира. Фарғона вилояти. 1-китоб. –Тошкент, 1994. –Б. 8. 11. Хотира. Наманган вилояти. 1-китоб. –Тошкент, 1994. –Б. 6. 12. Абдурахимова Ш.А. Ўзбекистон ССРда аҳоли саломатлиги ва тиббий хизмат муаммолари (1941-1991 йиллар). Тарих фанлари бўйича фалсафа доктори (PhD) диссертацияси автореферати. –Тошкент, 2023. –Б.13.